After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it took a series of measures to consolidate its rule, including the famous "Wentong Calligraphy", which unified the different writing styles used by various countries in the Warring States period into the so-called Xiao Zhuan, which was said to have been invented by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty.

Based on the original Qin system, Qin Shihuang unified the political, economic and cultural systems of some countries in an attempt to eliminate the regional differences caused by long-term separatist regimes as much as possible in order to facilitate reunification.

During the Warring States period, although the basic structure of Chinese characters in different countries was the same, the complexity of fonts and the position of radicals were different. Li Si was ordered to unify the script. Based on the characters of Qin State and referring to the characters of six countries, he formulated seal script, wrote it as a model, and promoted it throughout the country.

At that time, there was a popular calligraphy called official script, which was simpler than Xiao Zhuan. The book is written in the same language, with Xiao Zhuan as the standard text; "burning poetry books" strengthens ideological control; Take officials as teachers, and private learning is strictly prohibited.

2. Abandon national counties.

After Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries, he adopted Lisi's suggestion, abolished the enfeoffment system and switched to the county system. Local administrative agencies are divided into counties and counties. Principal officials of counties and counties are appointed and removed by the central government.

There are guards, governors and supervisors in the county. The sheriff is in charge of his county. The county commandant assisted the county magistrate and gave a military salute. The county supervisor is responsible for supervision. Qin Shihuang divided the whole country into 36 counties, and later it gradually increased to 4 1 county.

3. Unified currency

Qin Shihuang abolished currencies of different shapes and sizes in various countries during the Warring States Period, and changed to gold as the currency, with the unit of 22; Take the round hole copper coin of the old Qin line as the next coin, and the text is half, which is as heavy as its text.

4. Unified measurement

Qin Shihuang unified the national weights and measures with the standards of weights and measures formulated by Shang Yang. Today, the power of Qin Dynasty is engraved with the imperial edict of unified measurement issued by Qin Shihuang in the 26th year (2 1 1 BC).

This kind of weight has been unearthed and widely distributed, and it has also been found outside the Great Wall, which shows that unified measurement is serious and effective. Qin Shihuang also stipulated the allowable limits of weights and measures errors by law. He set 6 feet as steps and 240 steps as acres.

However, the 240-step system was actually used only in the old Qin Dynasty and probably in the old Zhao Dynasty, while many areas in the East still used the 100-step system as an acre until the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

The unification of writing, currency and weights and measures and the cultivation of Taoism provide convenient conditions for economic and cultural development and promote the development of a unified country. The Qin dynasty unified currency, unified measurement, unified words and tracks, which had a great influence on later generations.

5, hit the Huns in the north

Huns are distributed in the Mongolian plateau and have often invaded the south since the end of the Warring States period. After the national reunification, Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian to lead 300,000 troops to fight against the Huns.

In the thirty-second year of Qin Shihuang (2 15 BC), Meng Tian recovered the land south of Hetao, which was called "Henan land" at that time, and further expelled the Huns in the second year.

Qin started from Yuzhong (east of Lanzhou, Gansu, but there are different opinions) to the north, set up 34 counties in the east of the Yellow River and south of Yinshan Mountain, and built a river on a section of the Yellow River.

Qin also restored and connected Yan, Zhao and Qin Changcheng during the Warring States Period, and built the Great Wall of Wan Li, one of the great ancient world projects from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong in the east, to protect the northern agricultural areas. Then, Qin moved tens of thousands of people to Hetao. This has played a positive role in reclaiming border areas and strengthening border defense.

6. Create the emperor system

Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, adopted the titles of the legendary Three Emperors and Five Emperors, claiming to be the first emperor of this country, which was inherited from generation to generation by later generations, and was called Emperor II, Emperor III and even Emperor Eternal. Abolish posthumous title.

The emperor was required to call himself "I", and the courtier system and documents were formulated to respect the monarch and restrain the minister. These are all to show the emperor's supreme authority, which indicates that Qin's rule will be eternal and long-lasting.

Establish the supreme imperial power. The emperor has supreme power, and all administrative, military and economic powers are monopolized by the emperor; Xianyang, Qin Dou and its nearby Guanzhong Plain are directly managed by literature and history.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qin Dynasty

Baidu encyclopedia-Qin Shihuang