1 ma Chao's life experience

Ma Chao (176-222) was born in Maoling, Fufeng (now Xingping, Shaanxi), Han nationality, and was a general of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period.

Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Biography of Ma Chao;

..... His grandfather is famous for his ci, and he is called Tianshui Lan Ganwei. After losing his official position, he stayed in Longxi and lived with Qiang. The family was poor and had no wife, so he married a woman from A Qiang and gave birth to Marten. Teng poverty, no industry. He often borrows wood from Zhang Shanshan and sells it to cities to supply himself. Teng is more than eight feet long, with a big face and a different nose, and his nature is good. He is a descendant of Zhao She (No.:Ma Fujun, whose real name is "Ma") of the Warring States and a famous strategist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ma Teng gave birth to Ma Chao.

2 personal data

Ma Chao (An Yaping) in the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Name: Ma Chao.

Word: Meng Qi

Final destination: Shu

Native place: (Sizhou) Fufeng Maoling (now Xingping, Shaanxi)

Appearance: (History) has no record, (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) has a face like a crown jade, eyes like a meteor, a tiger with ape arms, a tiger belly and a wolf waist, and a loud voice. Because of his exquisite clothes and extraordinary manners, he is called "Jin"

Official: Liangzhou pastoral holiday, a title of generals in ancient times.

Juezhi: Geng Xiang Hou, named.

Birth and death:176-222 (46 years old)

Family information

Father: mink

Mother: Unknown (her mother was killed by Han Sui)

Adoptive father:: Han Sui (Historically, Ma Chao once called him his father. Love is directly called Ma Chao's adoptive father)

Spouses: Yang (killed by yangfu), Dong Shi (defeated by Lu, won by Cao Gong, and given by Dong Ci).

Children: Ma Qiu (killed by Zhang Lu), Ma Cheng (succeeded Ma as the marquis), (married Liu Li as his concubine) and another unknown second son were killed.

Brothers and sisters: Ma Dai, Matthew, Ma Tie, Ma Yunlu (fictional character)

Relevant persons: Ma Teng, Ma Dai, Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Chu Xu, Pound, Han Sui, yangfu, Zhang Lu, Li Hui, Peng Yang, Ma Qiu and Ma Cheng.

Played by: Eastern Han Dynasty, Marten, Zhang Lu, Shu.

Recording and Translation of Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Ma Chao word Meng Qi, (right) Fufeng Maoling people also. Father Teng, Emperor Ling, Bian Zhang, Han Sui and others all revolted in Xizhou. In the third year of Chuping, Sui and Teng led many people to Chang 'an. In the Han Dynasty, Sui was the general of Zhenxi and was sent back to Jincheng. Teng was the general of the Western Expedition and was sent to the chariot. After Teng attacked Chang 'an, he was defeated and returned to Liangzhou. It is Chen's blessing that Zhong You, a captain of Li Si, transported the books to Guanzhong. Teng sent Chao to Pingyang to beg, and Chao personally beheaded Pound. Later, Teng had an argument with Han Sui, demanding the return of the capital. So he was appointed Wei Yan, with Chao as the partial general, appointed the director of Jingshi Pavilion, and led the Teng Department.

Chen Shou's original text: Ma Chao, the word Meng Qi, Fufeng (Gyeonggi Sanfu Zuo, Youfufeng) Maoling. Ma Chao's father, Ma Teng, rebelled with Xizhou Bianzhang and Han Sui in the last years of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty (180- 189). In the third year of Chuping (the title of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), Marten and Han Sui led the troops into Chang 'an. At that time, the Han court (in order to win them over) sealed General Han Sui's town west (in Jincheng and Lanzhou). Ma Teng was appointed as the general of the Western Expedition and stationed in Yan County. At that time, Marten attacked Chang 'an again. As a result, the army was defeated and he returned to Liangzhou. (Cao Cao was in power) When Zhong You was sent to Chang 'an as a military attache to control the Guanzhong area, Zhong You wrote letters to Han Sui and Marten respectively, stating their interests (solving the contradiction between Korea and Malaysia). Ma Teng sent his eldest son Ma Chao to assist Zhong You in his crusade against Gao Qian and Guoyuan in Pingyang. In this battle, Ma Chao's department, Pound, killed the enemy general Guo Yuan. Later, Marten clashed with Han Sui, and Marten requested to return to both capital city (it was unclear whether Chang 'an Sanfu or Xuchang at that time). Because of this, Marten was named Wei Wei (the official in charge of the imperial guard in Beijing, one of the nine Qing), and Ma Chao took over Marten's army, worshipped Ma Chao as a partial general, and sealed the capital Hou Ting.

The code is short: Teng Zi lives long, and Ma Yuan is the last one. When he was Emperor Huan, his father was famous for the word "Zi Shuo" and tasted as the commander-in-chief of Tianshui Lan. After losing his official position, he stayed in Longxi and lived with Qiang. The family was poor and had no wife, so they married a Qiang woman and made a fortune. Teng poverty, no industry. He often borrows wood from Zhang Shanshan and sells it to cities to supply himself. Teng is more than eight feet long, burly, with different faces and noses, and is virtuous and respected by many people. At the end of Lingdi, Liangzhou secretariat Geng Bi became a traitor, and the country rebelled with Emperor and Qiang. County fund-raisers have the courage to discuss it, and they are collecting money. States and counties are different, the Ministry is engaged in the army and the Ministry is in charge of the code. He made meritorious service in recruiting thieves, worshiped Sima in the army, later moved to General Xiliang, and lived between Shu and Long. At the beginning of Zhong Ping, I worshipped General Zheng Dong. At that time, there were few valleys in Xizhou and many Tengzi soldiers, so I wanted the valley in Chiyang and moved to Changping Bank. Turning Wang Cheng and others into their own injuries is attacking Tengying. When Teng approached, he was unprepared, so he left and walked west. Three auxiliary chaos, no longer come to the east, and the town of west general Han Sui married half-brother. I was blind at first, but later I invaded with a trilogy, which made enemies. Teng attacked, then left, also attacked Teng, killing Teng's wife, even the soldiers could not understand. At the beginning of Jian 'an, the national discipline was almost relaxed, which made a captain reconcile with Liangzhou Mu. Zheng Teng returned to Li Huai, turned to be a former general, took a vacation, and named Li Huai Hou. There is a tiger's mouth in the north and a white riding in the east. When books become saints, they help people with pity, and Sanfu loves them very much. In the tenth (fifth) year, he was recruited as Wei Wei, so he went to Su Wei.

"Dian lue" said: Ma Tengzi Shou Cheng, a descendant of Ma Yuan, a famous Eastern Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, Marten's father (Ma Su) was a master. He was a county marshal in Tianshui County at that time. Later, when he lost his official position, he stayed in Longxi and lived with the Qiang people. Because of his poor family and no wife, he married a woman from A Qiang and gave birth to Marten. When Ma Teng was a child, he was very poor and had no industry, so he often cut down trees from Zhangshan and sold them in the city for a living. Marten is more than eight feet tall, with a big and strange face and nose, but he is generous and sincere, so many people respect him very much. In the last years of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, Geng Bi, then the secretariat of Liangzhou, appointed many corrupt officials, which led to the rebellion of the People's Kingdom and Qiang people under Liangzhou (when there was a riot and the Yellow Scarf Uprising in Shandong). So Liangzhou recruited warriors from the people to crusade against the rebellion. Marten was drafted into the army. Recruiting officials thought Ma Teng was different from ordinary people, so they asked him to be a soldier to engage in training and lead troops. Marten was promoted to be the Army Sima, later to be the partial general (probably after Marten's "rebellion"), and then to be the general of Xiliang, stationed between Fuyang (county name, in today's Shaanxi Province, now called Qianyang) and Gansu (the junction of Gansu and Shaanxi). About the beginning of Pingnian (a total of six years), the court worshipped Ma Teng as a general to levy the East. At that time, the harvest in the west was not good. Marten told the court that the troops had no food and wanted to buy food and grass in Chiyang, so they moved to Changping. However, the garrison commander Wang Cheng (stationed nearby) thought Marten was going to oppose him, so he attacked Marten's troops. At that time, Ma Teng just came out, and the troops were not prepared for the battle, and they fled to the west (Liangzhou) after being defeated. Just then, Sanfu area fell into a melee (Li Guo paid the soldiers), and Marten did not return to the east (to Sanfu). However, Han Sui, the general of Zhenxi, became a half-brother. At first, they were very close, but later they became enemies because their men invaded each other. Marten attacked Han Sui and Han Sui failed. Then Han Sui rallied and killed Ma's wife and son. Since then, they have been at war for years and are inextricably linked. (After Cao Cao came to power) In the early years of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, the situation was chaotic because the states did not follow the rules of the imperial court. The imperial court (Cao Cao) sent Zhong You, a captain, and Duan Wei, the father of Wei Kang, a Liangzhou animal husbandry (appointed by Cao Cao), to mediate between Han Sui and Marten and make them cease fire. Let Ma Teng go back (Fufeng County), worship him as a former general (at this time, Liu Bei is a left general), have a holiday (have certain power over the three auxiliary areas), and seal the (county) Hou. (Marten began to rule in Li Huai for more than ten years. He strengthened the defense against the Hu people, trained cavalry, promoted talents, guaranteed the people's lives and won the love of Sanfu. Ten years after Jian 'an (it should be fifteen years after Jian 'an), the court (Cao Cao) appointed Ma Teng as Wei, and Ma Teng thought he was old, so he "stayed in Wei".

Tso was the prime minister, and the eldest son was in charge. Later Chao was the commander-in-chief, seeking and flying arrows in the middle. He fought with his own pocket and broke the first aid. Worship Xuzhou secretariat, and then worship the doctor. Teng's entry into the customs, because he was a partial general, became the leader of Teng camp. I also paid homage to my brother Hugh, who was a captain in a car and a captain in an iron horse. He moved his family, but he stayed alone.

Chen Shou's original text: When Cao Cao became prime minister, he recruited Ma Chao to be an official, but Ma Chao did not go. Later, Ma Chao, as the overseer of Captain Li Si, took part in the conquest of the national source. He was shot by an arrow in the battle. Ma Chao immediately wrapped the injured calf with a cloth belt and continued to fight. The battle defeated the enemy and killed the main commander Guo Yuan. The court worshipped Ma Chao as the secretariat of Xuzhou, and later worshipped Ma Chao as the remonstrator. (It should be that Ma Chao didn't take office. ) Marten came to Beijing, because of his previous contributions, he worshipped Ma Chao as a partial general and asked Ma Chao to lead Marten's troops. The court also immediately took Chao's younger brother Matthew as the conductor and Ma Tie as the captain of the horse, and moved all other family members except Ma Chao (a small family) to Yecheng.

So he joined forces with Han Sui, Yang Qiu, Li Kan and Cheng Yi, and took Tongguan. Zuo Zongtang's Kung Fu and Sui, who surpassed the single horse racing language, were all overwhelmed by their efforts. They suddenly want to catch Zuo Zongtang. Zuo Zongtang will stare at Chu Xu, but they dare not move. Zuo Zongtang used Jia Xu's stratagem to alienate Chao and Sui, becoming more suspicious and the army was defeated.

Chen Shou's original text: After Ma Chao commanded Ma Teng's troops, he immediately wooed Han Sui, and at the same time allied with Yang Qiu, Li Kan, Cheng Yi and others to attack Tongguan. When Cao Cao talked with Han Sui and Ma Chao in Tongguan War, Ma Chao thought of taking Cao Cao alive by surprise because of his high martial arts, while Xu Chuxiu next to Cao Cao stared at Ma Chao, apparently aware of Ma Chao's intention. So Ma Chao gave up his plan to attack Cao Cao. Finally, Cao Cao used Jia Xu's plan to alienate Ma Chao and Han Sui. The two sides did not trust each other, and the ten-nation allied forces were defeated.

"Yang Shan Gong Zi" wrote: At the beginning, Cao was in Puban and wanted to cross the Western Heaven. Beyond Han Sui, he said, "Although it is suitable to the north of Wei River, I will leave on the 20th when the East River Valley runs out." Then he said, "I can hear you crossing the river, but I can't control it!" " You can't do anything beyond the plan. Hearing this, Cao Gong said, "I have no place to die until the horse dies."

The Story of Yang Shan's Duke Zai said: When Cao Cao's army (sending Huang Xu and Zhu Ling) wanted to cross the Yellow River westward at Pubanjin (Yellow River Ferry), Ma Chao said to Han Sui: "We should stop Cao Jun (crossing the river) north of Weishui. In less than twenty days, (Huang Xujun) east of the Yellow River will run out of food and grass, and they will only be defeated. " Han Sui said, "I will. Under the compromise, Ma Chao's plan was finally not implemented. Later, Cao Cao listened to Ma Chao's plan and said, "If Ma Chao doesn't die, there will be no place to bury him after I die! "

Besides Zhu Rong, Zuo Zongtang sought stability, and when something happened in the north, he led the army east. Yangfu said that Tsao Gong said, "I have great courage. I believe it and spread it, which won the heart of Qiang Hu. If the army returns, the preparations will be lax, and the counties in Longshang are not state-owned. " Zhu Rong's super-fruit rate is to attack the counties in Longshang, and all the counties in Longshang should respond and kill Wei Kang, the secretariat of Liangzhou. According to Ji Cheng, there are many people. Chao claimed to be the general of the western expedition, commanding the state animal husbandry and supervising the Liangzhou army. Kang officials Yang Fu, Jiang Xu and Zhao Qu conspired to overthrow Chao. Fu, Syria arise in Lucheng, no attack, no next; The wide winding road closed the gate of Hebei, so it was impossible to get in. In a dilemma, I followed Zhang Lu to Hanzhong. Lu's shortcomings and plans are based on cities. I heard that my late master surrounded Liu Zhang in Chengdu, so please hand over the secret book.

Chen Shou's original text: "Ma Chao fled to Zhu Rong, and when Cao Cao pursued stability, it happened that something happened in the north and he led the army back." At that time, yangfu said to Cao Cao: Ma Chao has the fighting capacity of Han Xin and Ying Bu, and is very supported by Qiang Hu. If the army goes back and does not strictly control Ma Chao, then the counties in Gansu will fall into the hands of Superman. Later, Ma Chao really made a comeback, led Zhu Rong to capture counties in Gansu, and counties in Gansu joined Ma Chao one after another. Ma Chao killed Wei Kang, the secretariat of Liangzhou, occupied Ji Cheng and took over Ji Cheng's army. Ma Chao appointed himself (but without the approval of the imperial court) as the general of Xiliang, commanding the state animal husbandry and supervising the Liangzhou army. Wei Kang's old men yangfu, Jiang Xu, Zhao Qu and others conspired to attack Ma Chao. Yangfu and Jiang Xu set out from Lucheng, and Ma Chao went out of the city to attack and failed to lay down; When I came back, Liang Kuan and Zhao Qu had successfully rebelled and closed the gates of Ji Cheng, and Ma Chao had lost Ji Cheng. In a dilemma, Zhang Lu can only run to Hanzhong. But Zhang Lu was not an ideal host, so he appeased Ma Chao in a small town (city). When Ma Chao heard that Liu Bei was besieging Chengdu, he secretly wrote to Liu Bei and surrendered to him.

Introduction: In the 16th year of Jian 'an, he surpassed Hou Xuan, Yin Cheng, Li Kan, Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Cheng Yi, Ma Wan, Yang Qiu, Han Sui and other Guanzhong generals. , and ten are opposed, there are hundreds of thousands of people, built by the river, through. /kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, Tsao Gong made the Western Expedition and fought with Deng Chao at the bend of Weihe River, and Deng Chao was defeated. Super to stability, then rush to Liangzhou. The imperial edict collects and destroys family members. Gansu has suffered repeated defeats. After arriving in Hanzhong, Zhang Lu thought that everyone was talking about offering wine and wanted his wife to be a daughter, or advised Lu: "If people don't love their loved ones, how can they love others?" Lu Naizhi. At the beginning, her brother-in-law was guarding three auxiliary species. When she was defeated, the species entered Hanzhong first. Plant a seed and live longer than Chao, who beats his chest and vomits blood. He said, "Once the door is closed and life is the same, will you two celebrate evil?" Later, several soldiers came from Lu, trying to take Liangzhou to the north, but Lu sent people to help. Another general, Bo Yang, wanted to hurt his ability, so he fled from Wudu to the side and turned to Shu. It was nineteen years of Jian 'an.

It is said in Dian lue: In the 16th year of Jian 'an, Ma Chao and candidates, Li Kan, Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Cheng Yi, Ma Wan, Yang Qiu, Han Sui and other Guanzhong generals rebelled, with a total strength of 100,000. Together, they defended the junction of Tongguan on the Yellow River and set up a camp. In this year, Cao Cao made a Western Expedition and fought with Ma Chao and other allied forces at the junction of the Yellow River and Weishui. Ma Chao and others finally lost. Ma Chao fled to Anding, and Han Sui fled back to Liangzhou. Chao Ting (Cao Cao) issued a decree to kill all Ma Chao's relatives in Yecheng. Ma Chao was defeated in Gansu (by yangfu and others). Later, when Ma Chao was in Hanzhong, Zhang Lu asked Ma Chao to take the post of "Let's talk about wine offering". And I want to marry my daughter to Ma Chao and let her be together. At this time, someone said to Zhang Lu, "Some people don't even care about their relatives. Can they take care of others? " In other words, even if Zhang Lu married her daughter to Ma Chao, Ma Chao would not be so obedient to Zhang Lu, so Zhang Lu gave up the idea of marrying her daughter to Ma Chao. When Ma Chao didn't rebel against Cao Cao, one of his concubines and younger brothers named Zi stayed in Sanfu. By the time Ma Chao was defeated and returned to Hanzhong, Zi had already arrived in Hanzhong. On the right day, Ma Chao came to pay New Year's greetings. Ma Chao beat his chest and vomited blood, saying, "More than 100 people died in my family one day. What can we congratulate today? " Later, Ma Chao repeatedly asked Zhang Lu for funds for military forces and wanted to capture Liangzhou. Zhang Lu finally reluctantly agreed to Ma Chao and sent some soldiers to Ma Chao, but the plan to take Liangzhou north failed. Plus Zhang Lu's men and others crowd out D, for fear that capable D will surpass their position. Ma Chao finally fled Zhang Lu, fled from Wudu to a place where Miao people lived in compact communities, and then switched to Liu Bei. This year is the nineteenth year of Jian 'an.