However, at that time, the total number of deputies to the National People's Congress was only 1 1,200, and the election law of 1 1,953 stipulated that every ethnic group, regardless of its population, should have at least 1 NPC deputies. If the number of self-reported "nationalities" is implemented, the seats of ethnic minorities, who account for less than 7% of the national population, in the National People's Congress will exceed 1/3, especially in Yunnan Province, which will exceed 1/5 of the total seats in the National People's Congress, so ethnic identification and clarification will be carried out again. In Yunnan province alone, more than 230 self-proclaimed "nationalities" have not been recognized.
In the national ethnic identification of 1953- 1954, only 38 of the more than 400 "ethnic groups" originally reported by themselves were finally recognized as ethnic minorities by the state. In the next twenty years, several ethnic groups were identified. After the Jinuo nationality was finalized in 1979, the number of ethnic minorities in China was determined to be 55, and that of Han nationality was 56, which has not changed so far. After 1979, Chuanqing people, Mosuo people, Baima people, Kaifeng Jews and local Portuguese people after the return of Macao were no longer recognized as new ethnic groups.
In the work of ethnic identification, many ethnic groups are merged into one because of language or religion. For example, northwest Hui, Yunnan Hui, Hainan Hui Hui and Qinghai Tuomao, who have great differences in ancestral home, daily language and living habits, are all recognized Hui people; Awu, Azhe, Sani, Susan, Hua Meng, Mili, Lisu and other ethnic groups are regarded as branches of Yi people and classified as Yi people. Another example is that one of the Mongolians believes in Islam and lives in Alashan area. In the past, it was called "Mongolian Hui" or "Mongolian Haoteng". It calls itself "Touzha" and considers itself a branch of "Beizha" in Hami in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the ethnic identification in the 1950s, the Dongxiang and Baoan ethnic groups of the branch of West Mongolia were identified as Dongxiang and Baoan ethnic groups respectively, while the Tuomao ethnic group was identified as Hui ethnic group. This branch of "Mongolian Hui" in Alashan belongs to the branch of East Mongolia. Because its language and writing are the same as those of Mongolians, its living habits are basically the same, so it is recognized as Mongolians.
Another example is the Sherpa people in Tibet. Are they a branch of Tibet or descendants of the Tangut Qiang related to the Xixia royal family? There are many disputes about whether Tuwa people in Altai area of Xinjiang are recognized as Tuwa people or Mongolian people according to Soviet precedent ... national identity. However, the final trend is to regard these ethnic groups as branches as far as possible and merge large ethnic groups with similar languages and religions into the same ethnic group.
Comrade Liu Chun, the former leader of the Ethnic Affairs Committee of the Central Committee, mentioned a typical example of ethnic identification in the 1950s: at that time, it was originally planned to identify the Bubo nationality (Zhuang nationality) and the Buyi nationality (Buyi nationality) in southwest China as the same nationality. However, Guizhou Province is worried that the Buyi people in southern Guizhou and southwestern Guizhou will be included in Guangxi Province and merged into Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in preparation, so it insists on identifying the Buyi people as different ethnic groups. The western section of Guigui is bounded by Nanpanjiang (Liu Chun mistakenly recorded it as Liujiang). Many fathers, sons and brothers live on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. On the south bank, they are classified as Zhuang, while on the north bank, they are classified as Buyi. Similarly, Dali also has descendants of the hereditary prime minister Yao family. Those living in Kunming are identified as Han nationality, those living in Dali and Jianchuan are identified as Bai nationality, and those living in Heqing and Lijiang are identified as Naxi nationality.
In the ethnic identification in the 1950' s, another situation appeared: there are many "sinicized" ethnic minorities in the southeast and southwest, who trace their genealogy back to the "ancestors" of the Han nationality in the Central Plains, and their language, life and culture are also highly sinicized. However, if the corresponding ethnic groups in these areas are identified as Han nationality, then the seats of minority representatives will not be enough. So experts often jump out of the identity of the investigators, instill knowledge of history, ethnology and linguistics into the respondents, and finally let them admit that they are not Han nationality, but ethnic minorities, such as Zhongjia (Buyi), (Bai) and Tujia.
From 65438 to 0953, Fujian Civil Affairs Department sent people to Quanzhou for ethnic identification, thinking that some local people should be classified as Hui people. However, despite all kinds of persuasion and mobilization by government workers engaged in ethnic identification, Chen Dai, Bai Qiguo and other prominent families in Quanzhou are unwilling to be identified as Hui. A villager surnamed Ding said to the staff who advised them to change their ethnic composition: "After liberation, under the leadership of Chairman Mao, everyone is equal, no matter what nationality." On the other hand, people surnamed Guo say that they (language, customs, beliefs, living habits, etc. It is no different from the Han nationality, except that their ancestors believed in Iraq.
Among the descendants of Confucius' genealogy, there are now 14 ethnic minorities such as Hui, Miao, Zhuang, Manchu, Tibetan and Tujia. Confucius Genealogy was overhauled for the fifth time in 1998, and Kong Xianning, the client, said that in the process of renewal, Confucius descendants of Zhuang nationality came here, hoping to enter the genealogy. Upon inquiry, it was learned that because of the national ethnic policy in the 1950s, all the local aborigines in Guangxi became Zhuang, so there was another Zhuang among the descendants of Confucius.
Extension: After some foreign aid players and foreign experts were naturalized in China, according to media reports, the nationality column of their identity documents/residence certificates was written as "Han nationality".
Attachment: Some unidentified ethnic groups in China, including those who have been identified, have different self-identification and identification results:
Ge nationality (unidentified ethnic group)
Cai family (unidentified ethnic group)
Nuo ethnic group (unidentified ethnic group)
Bo people (unidentified ethnic group)
Sherpas (unidentified ethnic group)
Family members (classified as Han nationality)
Chuanqing people (classified as Han nationality)
Huidong people (classified as Han nationality)
Shenlong people (classified as Han nationality)
Lingao people (classified as Han nationality)
Target population (classified as Han nationality)
Tea cave people (divided into Han nationality and Zhuang nationality)
Long family (divided into Han nationality, Bai nationality and Buyi nationality)
Myself (divided into Han nationality, Bulang nationality, Bai nationality and Mongolian nationality)
Li min (classified as Li nationality)
Dong nationality (partly classified as She nationality)
Western families (classified as Miao)
Waxiang people (divided into Miao, Han and Tujia)
Buyang people (divided into Yao and Zhuang)
Bunu people (classified as Yao)
Baonaoren (classified as Yao nationality)
Around the family (divided into Yao and Buyi)
Mo family (classified as Buyi)
Pubiao people (classified as Yi people)
Buli people (classified as Yi people)
Yi nationality (divided into Han nationality, Mulao nationality and unknown nationality)
Mulao nationality (classified as Mulao nationality)
Shan nationality (divided into Dai, Buyi and Zhuang)
Bajia people (divided into Dai and Bulang)
Mang people (classified as Bulang people)
Kemu people (classified as Bulang people)
Gekun people (classified as Bulang people)
Mami people (classified as Bulang people)
Lemo people (classified as Bai people)
Kucong people (classified as Lahu people)
Subi (classified as Lahu)
Zawa people (classified as Jingpo people)
Repairer (classified as Hani)
A Nong people (classified as Nu people)
Jia Rongren (classified as Tibetan)
Baima people (classified as Tibetans)
Daman people (classified as Tibetans)
Muya people (classified as Tibetans)
Ancient Qiang people (classified as Tibetans)
Catman (classified as Tibetan)
Sur people (classified as Tibetans)
Shixing people (classified as Tibetans)
Namu Yiren (classified as Tibetan)
Tibetan people (classified as Menba people)
Guge people (divided into Hui and Tibetan)
Kang family (classified as Hui nationality)
Tuomao people (classified as Hui people)
Hui people (classified as Hui people)
Jews (classified as Hui)
Ainu people (classified as Uighurs)
Creya people (classified as Uighurs)
Turkmen (classified as Uygur or Kirgiz)
Tuwa people (classified as Mongols)
Mosuo people (divided into Naxi and Mongolian)
Wengkuo people (classified as Ewenki)
Lu people (partially classified as Manchu)
Albanians (descendants of Cossacks captured in the Battle of Kangxi and Jacques) are of Russian, Ukrainian and Tatar descent. In the Qing Dynasty, it was incorporated into the Eight Banners, which are now divided into Manchu, Chinese and Russian)
Laizhai people (classified as Han nationality) (people who live in Gansu and consider themselves "descendants of the Roman legion")
Macao local Portuguese