In the United States, Shijing Street, centered on "Su He" (SOHO is "south of Houston Street"), used to be an old factory. Later, emerging cultural industries rose in abandoned factory warehouses, including art design studios, handicraft exhibition halls, studio galleries, antique shops, bars and cafes. This has become an emerging cultural and artistic industry block, so "Suhe" has become an emerging cultural industry on the abandoned factory warehouse.
France
Located on the left bank of the Seine River, the Orsay Art Museum is like a bright pearl, which complements the rich, royal and diamond-like Louvre on the right bank. After visiting this art hall with rich collections, flowing space and advanced facilities, you must find it hard to believe that this world-class art museum was converted from an abandoned railway station. In addition to the careful transformation of the original building, a new set of architectural elements has been inserted to create a characteristic space of "a room in a room". It not only maintains the integrity of the architectural elements of the old railway station, but also creates a mobile space suitable for the display of modern works of art.
Orsay Art Museum is a very successful example of architectural tourism development in historical blocks. It tells us that the protection and redevelopment of dilapidated industrial architectural heritage such as factories, warehouses, docks and stations as cultural resources can not only bring economic benefits, but also revive declining areas in cities and enrich the diversity of urban landscapes.
Italy
The year 2000 is the peak season for tourism. In order to welcome tourists from all over the world, many cities have completed some large-scale cultural facilities construction projects. A considerable part of them are transformed from old buildings and industrial buildings. For example, in a large-scale construction project in the ancient Italian city of Bologna, the old stock exchange building was converted into a library and a multimedia information center; From cigarette factories to cultural exchange centers and performance centers, old buildings can be reused.
In the ancient capital Rome, among the projects completed in recent years, there are cultural centers transformed from old train power plants, warriors and publishing centers transformed from slaughterhouses in ancient Rome, and modern art galleries transformed from old wineries.
Indonesia
Medan is a British colonial city in Indonesia. The formation of Medan urban landscape can be traced back to the first colonial period influenced by British colonial architecture. Kesawan was the first area to develop into a trade center, with many shops along the street. Kesawan Street is regarded as the "central street" of Medan, and the most memorable things are the goods and services it provides, the religious etiquette form of the building and its social status.
Keshawan, as a part of the inner city, is regarded as a product of tourists. This is a special environment. Some facilities are concentrated in this typical urban landscape. These facilities and environment complement the leisure function of the inner city. Not all leisure activities that may lead to war depend on existing historical buildings. Architecture will become a form of advertising, and its unique architectural and urban landscape features will become the main attributes of place features. By developing the internal connection of historical blocks and the connection with other tourists or public spaces around them, the social space and economic space will be restored and the attraction will be increased.
Ireland
The renovation of the church district in Dublin began at 199 1. In a competition held in September, the urban design scheme of group 9 1 was selected. 9 1 social science group understood the importance of culture to urban identity and the architect's sense of responsibility to the public in the design. On the whole framework, it continues the faintly discernible original urban texture and avoids large-scale project development, thus protecting the continuous changes of the city that have lasted for centuries.
A new curved linear street replaced the main street, and two Little Square opened up abandoned venues and ground parking lots. Under the control of the overall framework, the single building mainly maintains the historical scale, and continues the density and expression of the building in terms of volume, while the specific architectural forms and materials are flexible and modern.
In this project, public cooperative institutions and architects realize their role in establishing an overall framework for individual users and private enterprises to complete and continue urban construction and renewal; Public institutions are responsible for rebuilding public activity spaces, and architects are responsible for designing private spaces, thus improving the overall cultural quality.
2. See how Britain protects historic districts. Britain is the first country in the world to establish an urban planning system. Although the legislative protection of cultural heritage is a little late, with the development of economy, culture and science and technology, the national heritage protection system is constantly improving.
The concept of "protected area" in Britain was formally put forward in the Livable City Ordinance of 1967 (also known as the Urban Civilization Law), which refers to an area with architectural artistic characteristics or historical value. By 2005, there were 9,374 protected areas in England.
The planning and management of protected areas in Britain are mainly the responsibility of local planning and management departments. 197 1 Local administrative departments shall set up officials with special functions for protection.
Environmental protection officials are employed by local planning departments to provide special advice on environmental protection to * * * and the public. Protection officials include architects, designers and urban planners. Their daily work can be divided into six parts: policy, planning, planning management, reconstruction, investigation and education.
In actual management, there are also national and local non-governmental organizations that have the right to intervene in legal procedures and intervene in construction activities in protected areas. The most important authoritative organizations of national civil society are the Royal Institute of Architects and the Royal Institute of Planners. In addition, there are five organizations stipulated by the Ministry of Environment: Antiquities Society, British Archaeological Council, Ancient Architecture Protection Society, George Society and Victoria Society.
There are thousands of related NGOs in the local area. The protection planning of protected areas in Britain consists of three levels of planning system.
The first level is the "local development framework", which determines the overall development framework, including sustainable development, heritage protection and public participation. The second level is the "regional action plan", which puts forward the planning framework and policy measures for some areas that have special changes or need protection; The third level is "supplementary planning text", which studies related issues including protected areas and clarifies the control of development. The guiding part of this paper requires the building function, structure, appearance and ancillary facilities, which is an important tool for the planning and control of protected areas.
In Britain, the management of protected areas is mainly the responsibility of local authorities, especially local planning departments. There are clear regulations on planning restrictions, development and approval of various buildings in the reserve.
Demolition of unregistered buildings in the protected area, alteration or demolition of registered buildings and their ancillary parts, change of facades of all buildings in the protected area, addition of buildings, commercial development, and change of land use nature or use nature all require certain procedures for approval; Construction activities under the control of a certain scale and area, especially minor changes to self-occupied houses, are allowed to be carried out without planning permission. Detailed plans should be submitted in advance for new construction and reconstruction in this area.
* * * has the right to stop the project at any time and make suggestions, and the owner usually accepts the suggestions of the protection planning officials and makes some necessary modifications. The application for reconstruction and expansion of registered buildings in protected areas is more stringent, and the planning department must inform the public and notify the designated local civil defense organizations before making a decision.
Within 2 1 day, the local authorities will inspect and listen to public opinions, and then make a decision on the application. Detailed guidelines for the planning of protected areas have been formulated in all parts of Britain, which clearly stipulate various possible ways of using each building in the protected area, and stipulate the preferential policies that can be enjoyed by each way, as well as the application steps and consulting institutions of the owners.
The implementation of the protection of historical blocks in Britain has the following characteristics: the legal system is complete, and the Urban Civilization Act of 1967 gives local governments the power to delimit the overall protected areas. 1974 urban civilization law establishes a compensation system, which enables the owners of historical buildings to obtain the same compensation funds as the expected industrial value.
1990 "planning (registered buildings and protected areas) law" not only gives the definition and legal procedures of registered buildings and protected areas, but also includes new development, demolition, improvement, public participation, property rights and financial assistance. In addition, Britain has formulated a series of policy orientations, subsidy conditions and detailed policies to deepen the legal content.
Give full play to the role of non-governmental organizations in the protection of registered buildings in protected areas, and stipulate the participation of non-governmental organizations in legal procedures as one of the legal basis, so that the protection of cultural heritage is not only private and private, but also increases the power of the third party, emphasizing the "public * * * attribute" of cultural heritage, making the protection a veritable mass movement. The participation of residents in the standardized formulation of detailed planning guidelines for protected areas is actually to transform professional planning documents and management regulations into management manuals that residents can easily understand.
Through this guide, residents can understand the preferential policies they may get because they own real estate in the reserve, as well as the responsibilities and obligations they need to bear. This way not only improves the enthusiasm of residents to participate in the protection process, but also regulates the participation process.
(Wang) Editor: Cai Yi.
3. Looking at how Britain protects historical blocks, Britain is the first country in the world to establish an urban planning system. Although the legislative protection of cultural heritage is a little late, with the development of economy, culture and science and technology, the national heritage protection system is constantly improving.
The concept of "protected area" in Britain was formally put forward in the Livable City Ordinance of 1967 (also known as the Urban Civilization Law), which refers to an area with architectural artistic characteristics or historical value. By 2005, there were 9,374 protected areas in England.
The planning and management of protected areas in Britain are mainly the responsibility of local planning and management departments. 197 1 Local administrative departments shall set up officials with special functions for protection.
Environmental protection officials are employed by local planning departments to provide special advice on environmental protection to * * * and the public. Protection officials include architects, designers and urban planners. Their daily work can be divided into six parts: policy, planning, planning management, reconstruction, investigation and education.
In actual management, there are also national and local non-governmental organizations that have the right to intervene in legal procedures and intervene in construction activities in protected areas. The most important authoritative organizations of national civil society are the Royal Institute of Architects and the Royal Institute of Planners. In addition, there are five organizations stipulated by the Ministry of the Environment: Antiquities Society, British Archaeological Council, Ancient Architecture Protection Society, George Society and Victoria Society.
There are thousands of related NGOs in the local area. The protection planning of protected areas in Britain consists of three levels of planning system.
The first level is the "local development framework", which determines the overall development framework, including sustainable development, heritage protection and public participation. The second level is the "regional action plan", which puts forward the planning framework and policy measures for some areas that have special changes or need protection; The third level is "supplementary planning text", which studies related issues including protected areas and clarifies the control of development. The guiding part of this paper requires the building function, structure, appearance and ancillary facilities, which is an important tool for the planning and control of protected areas.
In Britain, the management of protected areas is mainly the responsibility of local authorities, especially local planning departments. There are clear regulations on planning restrictions, development and approval of various buildings in the reserve.
Demolition of unregistered buildings in the protected area, alteration or demolition of registered buildings and their ancillary parts, change of facades of all buildings in the protected area, addition of buildings, commercial development, and change of land use nature or use nature all require certain procedures for approval; Construction activities under the control of a certain scale and area, especially minor changes to self-occupied houses, are allowed to be carried out without planning permission. Detailed plans should be submitted in advance for new construction and reconstruction in this area.
* * * has the right to stop the project at any time and make suggestions, and the owner usually accepts the suggestions of the protection planning officials and makes some necessary modifications. The application for reconstruction and expansion of registered buildings in protected areas is more stringent, and the planning department must inform the public and notify the designated local civil defense organizations before making a decision.
Within 2 1 day, the local authorities will inspect and listen to public opinions, and then make a decision on the application. Detailed guidelines for the planning of protected areas have been formulated in all parts of Britain, which clearly stipulate various possible ways of using each building in the protected area, and stipulate the preferential policies that can be enjoyed by each way, as well as the application steps and consulting institutions of the owners.
The implementation of the protection of historical blocks in Britain has the following characteristics: the legal system is complete, and the Urban Civilization Law of 1967 gives local governments the power to delimit the whole protected area. 1974 urban civilization law establishes a compensation system, which enables the owners of historical buildings to obtain the same compensation funds as the expected industrial value.
1990 "planning (registered buildings and protected areas) law" not only gives the definition and legal procedures of registered buildings and protected areas, but also includes new development, demolition, improvement, public participation, property rights and financial assistance. In addition, Britain has formulated a series of policy orientations, subsidy conditions and detailed policies to deepen the legal content.
Give full play to the role of non-governmental organizations in the protection of registered buildings in protected areas, and stipulate the participation of non-governmental organizations in legal procedures as one of the legal basis, so that the protection of cultural heritage is not only private and private, but also increases the power of the third party, emphasizing the "public * * * attribute" of cultural heritage, making the protection a veritable mass movement. The participation of residents in the standardized formulation of detailed planning guidelines for protected areas is actually to transform professional planning documents and management regulations into management manuals that residents can easily understand.
Through this guide, residents can understand the preferential policies they may get because they own real estate in the reserve, as well as the responsibilities and obligations they need to bear. This way not only improves the enthusiasm of residents to participate in the protection process, but also regulates the participation process.
(Wang) Editor: Cai Yi.
4. About the origin of SOHO area, SOHO- small office (and) home office in the traditional sense literally means small office and home office, but actually it means freelancer or freelancer. Of course, SOHO also represents a more free, open and flexible way of working. With the advent of the Internet era, SOHO has become one of the fashionable words that people are scrambling to chase. Houses, furniture and articles specially designed for SOHO people have also become new selling points for businesses. Some buildings are often labeled as SOHO, which means that the apartment of freelancers is a combination of business and residence, and the scenery is infinite for a time. A few years ago, SOHO people mostly referred to professional freelancers: freelance writers, graphic designers, handicraft designers, artists and so on. In recent two years, with the wide application of the Internet in various fields and the popularization of office equipment such as computers, fax machines and printers at home, SOHO has become a working mode that more and more people can try, and its connotation and form are also changing.
Our SOHO
As a fashionable, relaxed and free lifestyle and attitude, SOHO should not be confined to those who just work at home. After all, it is only a small group in society. Since SOHO represents a free, open and flexible way of working, we believe that as long as people can work in this way, whether you work at home or elsewhere; Whether you focus on a job or a job, you can proudly call yourself SOHO. Therefore, we prefer to call SOHO super office (and) humanized office, that is, super office and humanized office.
5. Is it better to rent a dormitory or an apartment in Birmingham, England? Are you the University of Birmingham, Aston University, Birmingham City College or Jewelry College?
Birmingham University is not in the city. It is 65,438+00 minutes' drive from downtown, located in SELLYOAK and EDGBASTON areas. There are few high-end apartments here, all of which are old houses. Generally speaking, if the tenants of Birmingham University are in SELLY OAK and HARBORN, I live in a dormitory when I study in Boda. The dormitory is called Mei Sen, and the scenery outside the window is like a big park. But it depends on where your dormitory is located, and the dormitory is also divided into regions. There is no separate bathroom (the kitchen is generally shared and there are six kitchens). It takes about 10 minutes to walk from the dormitory to the school (the average distance varies from place to place).
If you come from City University, I am you, and I will rent my own house. It's relatively new here, with many apartments, independent space and kitchen. The rental price ranges from 500- 1000, but the water and electricity network pays for itself. This is more expensive than the dormitory, but it is comfortable to live in. Dormitories in urban schools are also good, but the space is not very large.
I can only introduce the situation, as to which is good, it depends on your personal situation and requirements ~ reply manually, remember to give points ~