(1)19th century, there was a debate between bourgeois reformists and feudal die-hards, which was a direct confrontation between capitalist ideology and feudal ideology of justice and benefit, which formed the first ideological emancipation trend in modern China and promoted the upsurge of reform and reform.
(2) From1905 to 1907, the bourgeoisie and the constitutionalists had a heated debate, the core of which was whether to overthrow the Qing government by revolutionary violence. As a result, the thought of democratic revolution spread further, which formed the second ideological emancipation trend in modern China and promoted the arrival of the bourgeois revolution climax.
(3) The New Culture Movement was the third ideological emancipation movement in modern China, which prepared the conditions for the arrival of a new period of China revolution.
The historical background of three ideological emancipation trends: the national crisis deepened after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and the Japanese bourgeoisie developed and expanded; At the beginning of the 20th century, the crisis of the Chinese nation deepened, and the ranks of bourgeois and petty-bourgeois revolutionary intellectuals in China grew. They accepted and applied the theories of human rights, freedom and equality in the period of western bourgeois revolution, and set off a trend of propagating revolution and realizing democratic republic. During the reign of the Northern Warlords, feudal thoughts continued to imprison people's thoughts. During World War I, China's capitalist economy developed further, and the strong bourgeoisie strongly demanded that China implement democratic politics and oppose the rule of feudal warlords.
Compared with the previous two times, the third wave of ideological emancipation has the following new developments: putting forward the slogan of democracy and science; He made an unprecedented attack and criticism on Confucian traditional ethics. Advocate new literature. In the later period of the New Culture Movement, some advanced intellectuals began to accept and publicize Marxism and socialism, which prepared the ideological conditions for the arrival of the new-democratic revolution.
The three ideological emancipation still has limitations: the reform thought did not explicitly criticize feudal thought, nor did it combine the reform of feudal system with the reform of feudal economic base. The Democratic Republic did not thoroughly criticize the feudal ruling ideology. The early New Culture Movement was not combined with the mass movement, and there was an absolute positive or negative bias in the understanding of eastern and western cultures and traditional cultures.