Because the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty attached great importance to Taoism, the creation of Taoist murals made great progress, and the court organized many creative activities. Gao Yi, Wang Kui, Wu Zongyuan, Sun, Zhao Guangfu, Sun Zhiwei, Gou Longshuang, Gao and Wu are all masters in this field. But with the destruction of the temple, these people's paintings are no longer visible. However, from the "Four Heavenly Kings" unearthed from the Song Dynasty Grottoes in Dunhuang and the Ruiguang Pagoda in Suzhou, we can see that the trend of religious murals in the Song Dynasty was mainly influenced by the Wu Daozi School. The outstanding achievements of portrait painting are manifested in the activities of court photographers and folk photographers. The portrait of the Queen of the Song Dynasty now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and the Wang Huan painted by an anonymous person in the Northern Song Dynasty in the Flier Museum and Yale University Museum in the United States can also be used as reference for research. The development of character story painting and genre painting has reached a considerable height. Li Tang's "Scenarios of Choosing the EU" and "Scenarios of Jin Wengong's Revival" have profound meanings, or they can be said to express the need of some kind of political propaganda. His students Xiao Zhao's "Zhongxing Ruiying Map" and "Guangwu Crossing the River Map" all praised Zhao Gou with modern or ancient historical stories. Liu Songnian's "Four Generals of Zhongxing" depicts famous anti-gold stars such as Yue Fei, which is a model of realistic theme. Although these figure paintings can't get rid of the burden of layering, they are still more skilled than the previous generation. Kai Liang's simplified figure painting has made outstanding contributions to the development of freehand figure painting techniques. The development of genre painting rose with the development of urban economy and the prosperity of citizens' literary and artistic creation in Song Dynasty, reflecting a wide range of society and rich character classes, and its significance has gone beyond the scope of art. The famous painter Yan Wengui's Tanabata Night Market and Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival are both masterpieces describing urban life. Mao Wenchang and Chen Tan are good at describing rural life customs. This is represented by Xu Qi's "Jiangshan Pasturing Map".

■ Li (1049- 1 106) was born in Shucheng (now Anhui Buried Hill). He has served as Nankang, Changyuanwei, Sizhou clerk to join the army, Zhongshumen, provincial official deletion, and law deletion. Later, he became an official due to illness and returned to Laolongmian Mountain. He is not very proud of his career, but he has made great achievements in poetry, painting and calligraphy, and is also good at identifying ancient artifacts. Although Li is listed as a literati painter, he is good at figures and pommel horses in addition to the landscape flowers and birds that later literati painters are good at. In this respect, he inherited the tradition since Gu Kaizhi, but he is creative, independent and innovative, and he has high skills in shaping characters' personalities and modality. He established sketching, which used to be just a chalk book, as a kind of painting, making it an independent subject. Some works, such as "Lotus Society Map" and "Elegant Garden Map", describe the life of literati in poetry wine, and there are manuscripts handed down from generation to generation today. The authenticity of biographies of Freedom from Disappearance and Filial Piety by the National Palace Museum in Taipei and Princeton University in the United States remains to be verified.

■ Kai Liang, originally from Dongping (now Shandong), now lives in Qiantang (Hangzhou). He is good at drawing figures, landscapes, Taoism, Buddhism and ghosts. He studied under Jia Shigu and wrote letters for the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy. Because he refused to accept the royal gold belt, he was once called "Liang Madman". His paintings are famous for "reducing strokes". Autumn Willow Flying Crow (collected by the Palace Museum), Six Ancestors Broken Sutra, Six Ancestors Cut Bamboo (collected by the National Tokyo Museum of Japan) and The Fairy with Ink Splash (collected by the National Palace Museum of Taipei) are all hand-painted with extremely concise pen and ink and highly summarized techniques. The immortal in "Painting the Immortal with Splash Ink" used a lot of ink to draw the clothes of the characters, and used a few strokes to outline the faces of the characters, which was vivid and vivid, which was a new creation at that time. The Tale of Eight Eminent Monks in Shanghai Museum and Sakyamuni's Coming out of the Mountain in Tokyo National Museum of Japan are rigorous in modeling and cautious in using pens, which are different from the restoration method with pens. There is also a poem of Taibai in Japan.

■ Gong Kai (1222—— about 1304) was born in Huaiyin (now Jiangsu), whose real name was Yu Sheng. He was the supervisor of the Southern Song Dynasty and Huai Shang. After entering the Yuan Dynasty, he did not become an official, but traveled to Hangzhou and Pingjiang as an old man. Good at drawing figures and pommel horses, vigorous and heavy with a pen. He likes to be a ghost, especially Zhong Kui. Horse painter Cao Ba, landscape teacher Xiaomi. The works handed down from generation to generation mainly include: the pictures in the American "Flying Pictures" and the pictures in Osaka, Japan. The former Zhong Kui painted with ink, and the younger sister painted rouge on her cheeks, which is called "ink makeup" in the world, which is full of fun.

Along the River During the Qingming Festival

■ Zhang Zeduan, whose word is Zhengdao, was born in (present-day Shandong) and was from Hui Zong Painting Academy. Industrial painting, especially good at ship bridges, has its own number. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the Palace Museum is his masterpiece. This painting depicts the scenery along the Bianhe River during the Qingming period in Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and shows the social life at that time with panoramic composition and rigorous brushwork. There are more than 500 characters, more than 50 livestock, more than 20 ships and more than 20 cars in the whole volume, which are arranged in an orderly manner and in their positions, which is dramatic. After painting, there are many imitations, including dozens of imitations, most of which are works of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, there is a small "West Lake Auction Map" signed by Zhang Zeduan in Tianjin Art Museum, which is a fake.

■ Su Hanchen, a native of Kaifeng, is said to be Liu Zonggu, a painter of Hui Zong Xuanhe Painting Academy, who is good at painting Taoist figures, especially children. After crossing, Gao Zongnan was reinstated in Shaoxing Painting Academy and was awarded Cheng Xinlang. Today, there is a picture of autumn court baby play (collected by the Palace Museum), which depicts bureaucratic children playing with red leaves. The central axis of the Salesman Map in the National Palace Museum in Taipei depicts a vendor surrounded by five or six children. The two brushes are exquisite and colorful, which should depict the life of the court or nobility.

■ Song Li is from Qiantang. Once a carpenter, he was adopted by Li Congxun, a court painter, and later entered the painting academy to listen to the news. Mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, and people can do it. The Shanghai Museum has a map of the West Lake, and the Palace Museum has a map of tide watching and Hua Lantu displaying seasonal flowers. But his pastoral life genre painting is more famous. There are many books in his Salesman Map, among which the one in the Palace Museum is the best. This painting depicts a vendor in the countryside, surrounded by children, full of strong local flavor. Another "Phantom of the Skull" is in the Palace Museum.