Universality: refers to the fact that social problems exist in the real life of every nation, country and society from beginning to end;

Variability: refers to social problems in different times, different regions, different nationalities or societies, with different manifestations and characteristics;

Complexity: refers to the complexity of social problems in terms of causes, modes of existence or manifestations, consequences, etc., that is, social problems are compounded by many factors, and often several social problems coexist at the same time, resulting in a series of destructive social consequences;

Periodicity: refers to the temporal regularity of social problems in their occurrence and development. Generally speaking, the whole time process and its stages of social problems are two basic meanings of periodicity. Sociologists especially emphasize the latent and repetitive characteristics in periodicity.

Social problems reflect different contents in different times. At present, the most prominent social problems are: population, ecological environment, employment, honesty, juvenile delinquency and aging.

population problem

Population problem is one of the most important social problems in the world, and it is also the core of many contemporary social problems. Although its specific performance is different in different countries, its essence is mainly manifested in the imbalance between population reproduction and material reproduction, and population growth exceeds economic growth, resulting in overpopulation. Taking China as an example, all kinds of problems encountered in current social life and development are directly or indirectly related to the huge population pressure.

First of all, the population pressure makes the society encounter insurmountable difficulties in providing the living conditions of the existing population and improving people's living standards. Outstanding performance is employment difficulties, housing shortage, food, fuel and other necessities shortage. Secondly, the population pressure has caused the imbalance between consumption and accumulation, the ecological environment has been seriously damaged, and the scientific and cultural level of the whole nation has declined.

ecological environment

Eco-environmental problems are characterized by ecological destruction and serious environmental pollution. It is the main obstacle to social operation and development. It is predicted that the main contradiction of social problems in the future will focus on the ecological environment. If it is not solved early, it will bring great damage to society, even global and devastating damage.

Employment of labor force

The employment problem stems from the imbalance between labor force and means of production. This imbalance has different manifestations in different societies and regions. But as a social problem, it mainly refers to overpopulation, slow or stagnant economic development, which leads to unemployment or unemployment of the working population. China's labor and employment problems, first of all, manifested as inadequate employment; There are still serious redundant staff, low labor productivity and low quality of employed and unemployed people.

The social consequences of the employment problem, on the one hand, hinder the improvement of people's living standards, thus inducing social unrest and social crime; On the other hand, it is not conducive to the coordinated development of social economy, and then threatens the stability of the whole social structure.

juvenile delinquency

Juvenile delinquency refers to juvenile or juvenile delinquency, which is an increasingly serious social problem facing all countries in the world. In the past 30 years, juvenile delinquency has increased dramatically all over the world. The outstanding features are: the increase in the number of crimes, the early age of crimes, the wide spread of crimes, the cruelty of means, the prominent gang crimes, the increase in repetitiveness and the difficulty of reform.

domestic violence

Domestic violence refers to the acts that occur between family members and physically, mentally and sexually harm and destroy family members by beating, binding, confinement, mutilation or other means. Domestic violence directly affects the victim's body, causing physical or mental pain to the victim and damaging his health and personal dignity.

Domestic violence occurs between family members who are related by blood, marriage and adoption, such as husband to wife, parents to children, and adult children to parents. Women and children are the main victims of domestic violence, and some middle-aged and elderly people, men and disabled people will also become victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence can lead to death, serious injury, minor injury, physical pain or mental pain.

Aging problem

The problem of aging, also known as population aging, generally refers to the increase in the proportion of people aged 60 and over, thus affecting social production and life. Population aging is a major social problem that all countries in the world pay close attention to in the new century. It is more prominent in developed countries, but in underdeveloped countries, this phenomenon is concealed by the rejuvenation of the population caused by the high birth rate.

Judging from the age composition of the population, China will enter the aged society at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the next century. However, due to the large population base, the total number of elderly people in China will rank first in the world in the future. Population aging has brought a series of influences and problems to society, politics and economy, which requires corresponding adjustments to social production, consumption, distribution, investment, social security and welfare, and urban and rural planning.

Extended data:

At present, our country is in the accelerated transition period to the all-round development of modern society. Sociological research shows that social transformation refers to the transition of the whole social system from one structural state to another, which is a holistic structural change. It takes structural transformation as the core, and at the same time drives changes in interests, concepts or elements, mechanisms, functions and other aspects.

Social transformation is not the change and development of a certain part of the social system. Generally speaking, it mainly refers to the overall transformation of China society from agricultural society to industrial society, from rural society to urban society, from planned economy to market economy, from rule of man to rule of law, from closed and semi-closed society to open society, from material-oriented to people-oriented, and from traditional society to modern society.

This transitional period should at least accompany the whole primary stage of socialism. In China, which is in the accelerated transition period, the breadth, depth and difficulty of its reform are unprecedented, and the deeper the reform, the more complicated the situation, the more fully exposed the deep-seated contradictions, and the more difficult it is to attack and break through. We have all seen these aspects over the past 20 years of reform and opening up.

The profound changes in China have brought about the sharp division and reorganization of social structure, the diversification of interest distribution, organizational form, employment mode, values and behavior mode, the new requirements of social operation mechanism, the collision and conflict between old and new concepts, and the fuzziness of social cognition and judgment standards.

Marginalization, management vacuum, regulation adjustment, dual-track operation, foreign culture, reference standards, income gap, clash of civilizations, old and new contradictions … all these make people feel at a loss psychologically and at a loss about their own behavior choices.

In the case of immature conditions and inadequate preparations in all aspects, social disorder, anomie and imbalance brought about by the above aspects will inevitably lead to various social problems. Profound social changes and great social progress are bound to be accompanied by unprecedented social problems, which has become a law of the development of human civilization.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Social Issues

China * * * Production Party News Network-Several Important Issues in the Study of Social Issues