In the 1980s, thirteen human fossils, such as teeth and bone fragments, were found in Longtan Cave, Wangjiashan, Taodian Township, Hexian County, which was named "Hexian Ape" 280,000 to 240,000 years ago. At the same time, a number of animal fossils, bones, horns and other cultural relics were also found, and the remains of fire were also found. A broken ape-man occipital bone fossil was unearthed in the cave of Yinshan Village, Daishan Township, Chaohu City. The identification date was 300,000 to 400,000 years ago, and then a relatively complete ape-man maxilla fossil was unearthed, which was more than 200,000 years ago and was named "Yinshan Ape". A paleolithic cultural site was found in Xiangyang kiln factory at the mouth of Shuiyangjiang River in Xuanzhou City. Stone tools are made by single-sided impact method, which is simple and rough. There are many large stone tools, gravel stone tools and cutting stone tools, which are significantly different from the paleolithic tools in the north. Shishanzi site, 7.5 kilometers southeast of Suixi County, is an early Neolithic site. Judging from a large number of pottery fragments, pottery is argillaceous red pottery without decorative patterns. More than 0/00 houses, ash pits and tombs have been found in Xuejiagang site, Yonggang village, Hezhen township, Qianshan county, and a large number of stone tools, pottery and jade articles have been unearthed, among which stone knives are rectangular, flat and thin, with straight and sharp blades, and holes are drilled near the back. The number of all kinds of knives is different, but they are all odd, and the most is thirteen holes. Pottery is mainly black pottery and black pottery, among which pot-shaped tripod with tile-shaped foot or flat chisel-shaped foot, pot-shaped tripod with cover, dish-shaped bean with bead-shaped or bamboo-shaped handle and solid single handle are very distinctive utensils. These findings show that Xuejiagang culture represents a new cultural outlook of the Neolithic age in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A large number of pottery and stone tools were found at the site of the ancient ridge at the east of Shangpai Town 1.5 km in Feidong County. Pottery is mainly red pottery, but black pottery increased obviously in the later period. A rectangular architectural site was also discovered, which is the first complete Neolithic architectural site discovered in Anhui Province. There are 17 tombs and 140 pieces of pottery, jade and stone tools at the site of Monopterus albus in the north of Dadai Mountain in Wangwan Village, Chengling Township, susong county, which is an important Neolithic cultural site. A large number of artifacts have been unearthed from the Houjiazhai site in the north of Zhuangyuan Village, Qilitang Township, Dingyuan County, and the bottom of some pottery is engraved with symbols of different shapes. Dachengdun Site, located at the northwest of Hanshan County15km, is divided into five periods, one of which is equivalent to the middle period of Dawenkou culture, and the other is equivalent to the Western Zhou Dynasty. The content is extremely rich, from which we can get a glimpse of some characteristics of Huai Yi culture. A Neolithic cemetery was found in the north of Lingjiatan Village, Huagang Township, hanshan county, indicating that the area had a high primitive culture 5000 years ago. Stone darts, decorative bricks and other Neolithic objects were unearthed at the site of Hu Jia Village, Songjia Village, northwest of Zhentou, Jixi County. The site of Hongdun Temple, 63 kilometers south of Huoqiu County, has unearthed a large number of cultural relics from the Neolithic Age to the Western Zhou Dynasty, with distinctive local colors. The Junyutai site on the north bank of the Wohe River, 20 kilometers east of Bozhou, is a primitive village site. The Qingfengling site on the north bank of Dinggou, 35km southeast of Bozhou City, is also a primitive social and cultural site, with articles for production and living unearthed. Fuzhuang site on the south bank of the Wohe River, three kilometers northwest of Bozhou City, belongs to Dawenkou Culture Period and Longshan Culture Period in Neolithic Age, but it has local characteristics. Some Neolithic production and living utensils were unearthed from the ancient site of Laoqiudui on the south bank of Lu 'an River, one kilometer west of Linquan County. Niqiuji site is located 30 kilometers north of Taihe County, which is a Neolithic Yin Ruins site. Huajiamiao Site in the south of Huajiamiao Village in Xiaoxian County and Sanshanjiang Temple Site in Sanshan Mountain West, nine kilometers northeast of Lingbi County, belong to the late Neolithic sites. The site of Zhangsidun in Bai Ze Lake Township of Anqing Temple spans from the late matriarchal clan commune 75000 years ago to the Shang Dynasty. Dachengtou Site in Dacheng Village, Kanji Township, Feidong County, and Dachendun Site in Cangcun Village, Longcheng Town are cultural sites from Neolithic Age to Yin and Zhou Dynasties. The caking phenomenon of rice grains was found in the latter site, which is of great research value.

There are also some ancient city sites all over Anhui. Xiaobianzhuang, 2.8km east of lin huai zhen, Fengyang County, has the site of Zhongli ancient city in the Spring and Autumn Period. The city site is 360 meters long from east to west and 380 meters long from north to south. The wall is rammed with 30 cm thick loess. There are two ancient city ruins in Chengbei Township, six kilometers north of Lu 'an, which are east-west and only 300 meters apart. The existing Xicheng site is 47 1 m long from north to south, 229 meters wide from east to west and about two to five meters thick. The cultural relics unearthed under it can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period to the Han Dynasty. Linhuan Town, 35 kilometers southwest of Suixi County, is an ancient city of Linhuan, which was built in the Spring and Autumn Period. The city wall was raised in the Qin and Han Dynasties, but it was abandoned after the Yuan Dynasty. The city site is square, with east-west length of1150m, north-south width of1409m, height of 7-15m, bottom width of 35-50m and top width of 3-8m. The site of Shouchun City, once the capital of Chu State during the Warring States Period, is located in the suburb of Shouxian County, with a total area of 26 square kilometers. There are several unified vertical and horizontal waterways in the city, which divide the city into more than ten rectangular areas. There are obvious central axes and palaces in the city, which are concentrated in the north of the city site. Longcheng Village, Longcheng Township, Feidong County, was the county seat in Qin and Han Dynasties. There are ridges three to four meters high in the east, west and north, which were formed after the collapse of the city wall. The former site of the city wall is in the south, 600 meters long and 420 meters wide. At the foot of Jiming Mountain, which is 15 km west of Hefei, there is the site of Hefei New Town in the Three Kingdoms Period, which is 330 meters long from north to south and 2 10 meters wide from east to west, and is connected into a rectangle by more than ten high mounds. On the top of the rock in the eastern suburb of Wan 'an Town, Xiuning County, there is the site of "Wangwang Palace" by Hua Wang, a peasant leader at the end of Sui Dynasty. The ancient city wall of Shouxian County is the only existing ancient city wall of Song Dynasty in China. It is square around, with a circumference of 7147m, a height of 3.6-5.7m, a top width of 4-13m and a thickness of nearly 7m. It is made of brick walls, stone foundations and mortar mats. There is a castle on Baiya Mountain in Zhifeng Township, susong county, which is made of rubble, with a circumference of four kilometers and a height of more than ten feet. It is said that it was built at the end of Yuan Dynasty. The Ming Zhongdu site in the northwest corner of Fengyang County is the largest ancient city site. In the Ming Dynasty, there were three original cities: outer city, middle city and inner city, with the outer city being 25 kilometers, the middle city being 6.5 kilometers and the inner city being 3 kilometers. At present, only a part of the original Forbidden City has been preserved, and the base sites of Fengtian Hall, Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall have been preserved. The pier at the meridian gate is best preserved. Sumitomo Baishi at the entrance is covered with reliefs of various animals and patterns, with vivid shapes and fine workmanship, which is rare in China.

Anhui also has some ancient tomb sites. On the hills of Qianfeng Village and Guanzhou Village in Green Township of Nanling County, there are graves of local aborigines from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. There are 320 tombs, and more than 40 cultural relics such as primitive celadon and geometric printed hard pottery have been unearthed. Tunxi Airport also excavated eight tombs from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. There are no tombs, no funerary utensils and no bones, from which a large number of primitive porcelain and printed hard pottery, as well as bronzes and stone tools have been unearthed. The Spring and Autumn Tombs found in Jiulidun Village, Kong Ji Township, Shucheng County are vertical holes with a length of 8.6 meters from east to west and a width of 4.44 meters from north to south. There are 83 pieces of funerary objects/kloc-0, including more than 70 pieces of bronzes/kloc-0, among which Cai Houji and the bronze drum stand with the words 150 engraved with the words "Cai Houji handed a halberd" are the most precious. There is a tomb of the King of Chu in Zhujiaji, Shouxian County, which was excavated in 1933. In 1938, about 1000 pieces of bronzes, stone instruments and ritual vessels were stolen again, and about 150 pieces of bronzes, stone instruments and ritual vessels. At present, there are 700 pieces of cultural relics unearthed for the first time in Anhui Provincial Museum. Other museums have a small collection, and others have been lost. A tomb of Cai Hou was found in Ximen, Shouxian County. It is a square pit tomb with a pyramid-shaped mound. It is 8.45 meters long from north to south and 7. 1 meter wide from east to west. More than 580 pieces of bronzes, pottery, jade, bone, lacquer and gold were unearthed. It is preliminarily inferred that the owner of the tomb is Cai Zhao Hou Shen. A Warring States Tomb was found in Xuwa Village, Sanhe Township, Changfeng County, covering an area of 5,840 square meters, and a chariot pit was found at the foot of the tomb. A Western Han Dynasty tomb was found in Luo Zhuang Village, a suburb of Fuyang. It is a vertical cave tomb with pits. The tomb mouth is 9.2 meters long from north to south, 7.65 meters wide from east to west, 4. 1 meter wide and 4 meters deep. More than 260 pieces of bamboo and wood books, astronomical instruments, lacquerware, bronzes, ironware, pottery, etc. were unearthed, which were verified as the tomb of the second generation Ruyin Hou Xiahou furnace. There is an Eastern Han Tomb on the East Tomb Hill in Xiangtuan Township, Su County, which is called "Nine Women's Graves". The buildings in the tomb are divided into four groups, followed by two passages into the entrance of the tomb, followed by a middle room, an ear room to the north of the middle room, and then two tombs. Among them, there are 14 portraits carved on the wall of the middle room, which are made of flat-bottomed flowers and have a symmetrical layout, including singing and dancing, feasting and praying. There is an Eastern Han tomb in Xu Cai Village, Xiaogudui Township, Changfeng County, commonly known as "Yuan Gudui", which covers an area of 2,756 square meters and has many tombs. There is a Cao Cao family cemetery in the southern suburbs of Bozhou City, which belongs to the tombs of the Han and Wei Dynasties. Now, five tombs have been cleared, a large number of cultural relics have been unearthed and hundreds of bricks have been found. The tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang's parents is located 7.5 kilometers southwest of Fengyang City, which is called the Imperial Tomb. Originally, there were three roads: Imperial City, Brick City and Tucheng. The imperial city is 75 feet in circumference and 20 feet in height. There are the main hall, the Golden Gate, the left and right halls, the stele pavilion, the imperial bridge, the huabiao, and 36 pairs of stone men and beasts. Three kilometers around the brick city, there are hundreds of houses such as clothing hall, dining hall, official hall, Lingxingmen, kitchen, library and drum room, as well as Tianchi and Hongqiao. Around Tucheng 14 km, there are hundreds of shops, halls and roads, as well as Shuiguan, Don Juan Bridge and Ma Xia Monument. Now there are only stone men and beasts, as well as the imperial tomb and the wordless tablet.