Foreign exchange is the creditor's rights held by the monetary management authorities (central bank, monetary management institutions, foreign exchange stabilization fund and Ministry of Finance) in the form of bank deposits, treasury bonds and long-term and short-term government securities. , which can be used when the balance of payments is in deficit.

Including foreign currency, foreign currency deposits, foreign currency securities (treasury bonds, treasury bonds, corporate bonds, stocks, etc.). ) and foreign currency payment vouchers (bills, bank deposit vouchers, postal savings vouchers, etc.). ).

By 20 15, China ranks first in the foreign exchange reserves of governments around the world. The United States, Japan, Germany and other countries have a large number of private foreign exchange reserves, and the overall foreign exchange reserves of the country are much higher than that of China.