1, assimilation;

2. Alienation;

3. Weakening;

4. Fall off; .

Phonetic changes in language flow

In speech flow, due to the influence of adjacent phonemes of adjacent syllables, the initials, finals or tones in some syllables will change in pronunciation, which is called phonetic change of speech flow.

Types of sound changes

absorb

Two adjacent different sounds in a speech stream, one of which is influenced by the other, become the same or similar in one or several characteristics, which is called assimilation. For example, in English, the suffix S for plural should be pronounced as [s], while in dogs, it becomes voiced [z] due to the influence of the pronunciation of the voiced g in front. According to the direction of assimilation, assimilation can be divided into forward assimilation and reverse assimilation:

Shun assimilation of two adjacent sounds, which is influenced by the former and becomes the same or similar to the former, is called shun assimilation. Such as dogs and legs, unvoiced consonants become [z] similar to voiced sounds [g].

Inverse assimilation of two adjacent sounds, in which the former is influenced by the latter and becomes the same or similar to the latter, is called inverse assimilation. For example, in Chinese [mianp'au] (cotton gown), the phoneme n is influenced by the adjacent double lip sounds and becomes [m]. In English, be in poor health will be pronounced as [m] because of the influence of the adjacent sound p, which is also reverse assimilation.

alienate

Two originally identical or similar sounds, one of which becomes different from the original pronunciation for some reason, is alienation. For example, when two syllables in Putonghua are connected together, the former one can no longer be pronounced as a syllable, but must be pronounced as a tone (that is, the tone value is changed from 2 14 to 24), which is the case with "cold water" and "Xuan". Another example is that the vowel of the first consonant of [nanny] in Chinese is the same as the initial of the last syllable, but the vowel [n] is alienated into a nasal consonant [N] when it is read continuously.

weaken

In the language flow, the pronunciation of some sounds may become weaker and lighter than before. This phenomenon is called weakening. For example, the light tone in Mandarin is a typical tone weakening, such as "one" in "Take a look" and "de" in "My Book". In addition, vowels in light syllables will change, which is often manifested in [? ] together, if it is a compound vowel, it will become a single vowel. For example, "brother" and "steamed bread" will be pronounced [kFg? ] and [mantao] are typical. Weakening also exists in other languages, such as English, such as of[? The weak pronunciation of f is [? V], but [b? T] pronounced [b? T] wait.

drip

In the process of continuous reading, due to contraction and other reasons, some sounds in the voice stream are no longer pronounced or disappear, which is called shedding, also known as subtraction. For example, in Mandarin, "we" is pronounced as [uom], "tofu" as [touf] and "kid" as [? Iauxar] and so on are falling off. In English, when some auxiliary verbs or conjunctions are associated with the subject, some phonemes will also fall off, such as I am → I am, you'd better do it → you'd better do it, and so on.