This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnificent road in Babylon. The burnt brick is plastered with asphalt, and the slate on it is laid flat on asphalt mortar. This magnificent road can be regarded as the pioneer of modern asphalt concrete road. During that thousand years, the application scope of asphalt expanded continuously, so that in India and Europe near Mesopotamia, natural asphalt was used as sealing material for baths, ships, canals, toilets and river banks. In the Assyrian Empire and Babylonian Empire in the 7th century BC, asphalt had been put into use in road engineering. At that time, asphalt was used as bonding material and daubing material to decorate and reinforce flower paths. Since then, asphalt, as a kind of cement-like adhesive, has been used to seal the Great Wall and Hanging Gardens in China.
During the Roman Empire, asphalt was called "Iudaicum, Judenpech". In BC 100, the Roman Avenue in Pompeii filled the joints with asphalt and painted the outer layer. After the decline of the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages began. During this period, asphalt lost its former glory. The experience of using asphalt accumulated in the past 1000 years was almost lost, and it was not until the eighteenth century that people began to learn to use asphalt again. In A.D. 1000, Arabs began to extract asphalt from natural asphalt. The method is to heat natural asphalt until asphalt precipitates from it.
Unlike as a building material, asphalt was used for medical purposes in the Inca Empire of Central and South America in the15th century. On March 22nd, 1595, Walter Raleigh discovered a natural asphalt lake in Trinidad. To this day, people are still using this asphalt that comes out of the ground to build roads. The cover of the doctoral thesis written by Eirini d'Eyriny at 172 1 In 2002, the Greek doctor Eirini d'Eyriny discovered a huge asphalt mine in Val de Travers, Switzerland. At first, he was only interested in the medical use of asphalt. However, due to the excellent characteristics of asphalt as an engineering material, he finally wrote the paper "Dissipative Sur L 'Asphalteov CIMENT Natural" in 172 1, and began to lay the foundation for the research of modern asphalt technology. In the following 300 years (17 12-1986), I don't know how much asphalt was mined and sold all over the world through a maze of tunnels located in travers Valley, with a total length exceeding 100 km.
In the following time, the colorful application of asphalt extended to the sealing of roof waterproof layer. At that time, it was too expensive to reinforce the pavement with asphalt, and only roads dedicated to the rich could reinforce the pavement with asphalt. Asphalt was first used in bridges, which was paved on a wooden bridge in Sunderland.
18 10 years, in Lyon, asphalt pavement was first used. Ten years later, the predecessor of modern asphalt felt was successfully developed and applied in Genoa. On the basis of a large number of attempts, asphalt technology has been proved to be suitable for highway engineering in 1837. 1839 the method of reheating and reusing asphalt was discovered in Vienna, Austria.
The first asphalt road appeared in Hamburg, Prussia in 1838. In 185 1 year, 78m of the road from travers to Paris was paved with asphalt. Only 20 years later, Paris was almost completely paved with asphalt, which soon spread to almost all major cities in Europe.
Subsequently, tough asphalt cement was invented; 1842 Pouring asphalt was invented in Innsbruck, Austria, and was successfully applied to road engineering construction soon. Based on the similarity of asphalt to concrete, Léon Malo put forward the concept of asphalt concrete in 1853. In order to get enough compression ratio, people began to compress asphalt concrete by rolling in 1876.
At the beginning of the 20th century, with the continuous decline in the price of engineering materials, asphalt showed more significance. 1907, the first asphalt mixture component was put into use in the United States. 19 14 years, in order to obtain better refractive index, people first saw the racing track on asphalt pavement in Berlin.
Secondly, the application of asphalt in road engineering, 1923, asphalt was applied to dam sealing. In order to speed up the construction progress and improve the components, 1924 conducted the first road completion acceptance test in California, USA. In order to determine the quality of building materials, many testing programs were developed in the next few years. These programs are still effectively applied to the research, design and concrete construction of traffic engineering until today. 1936, Ring und Kugel-Versuch was developed and invented, and one year later, brechpukt nachfraa &；; Szlig, 194 1 invented Marshall test.
With special additives, asphalt construction can be carried out at the low temperature of 65438 ~ 0950 (called cold asphalt). In order to determine the appropriate thickness of asphalt structure, Austria developed isotope non-interference research method from 65438 to 0959 and successfully verified it.
In order to make the airport runway put into use as soon as possible, 1963 dry asphalt construction technology appeared in Britain. Soon after, Ma Body Construction Asphalt first appeared in 1968. In 1970s, the United States began to recycle asphalt. For better sealing effect, 1979 began to use asphalt in garbage dump engineering.