First, the history of multiple-choice exam-oriented strategies and skills

Examination method

First, clarify the answer items, main vocabulary and conditional qualifiers in the topic structure. Answer items refer to the contents and items contained in the answer, and the main words are the direct objects of option discussion. Conditional qualifiers limit all aspects of the answer content, including time, place, space, people and the angle of asking questions.

Second, clear the scope of time and space. According to the determiners, we should pay special attention to extracting the hidden time information and make clear the time range and space of asking questions. Judging from the multiple-choice questions in recent four years, at least 1/3 questions contain determiners. Therefore, grasping determiners is undoubtedly the premise of correct answer.

Third, carefully check the alternatives. Carefully review the alternatives. In recent years, the interference of substitutes is increasing day by day, which needs careful analysis.

(2) the method to solve the problem

1, the answer of direct election. In other words, you can get the answer directly according to the knowledge and information in the textbook. It can be described as "hitting it off."

2, the best choice

The characteristic is that options and questions imply the relationship between arguments and arguments. Among the alternatives, there is only one requirement that best suits the problem. Other options are reasonable, but they can't be the best because they are not comprehensive or relevant.

There are adverbs and adjectives indicating the degree before and after the answer, such as "most important" and "most important".

3. Causal multiple-choice questions

_ _ _ Usually, the different factors existing in historical phenomena are listed first, and then the corresponding reasons or results are listed according to the direction of the stem. There are two aspects to check:

The first form infers the reason from the result, and its structure is: the stem is the result, and the alternative is the reason.

The second form is to deduce the result or influence from the cause, and its structure is based on doing as the cause and preparing as the result.

Common root causes, direct causes, root causes, main reasons, etc.

_ _ _ Solution: This kind of topic mainly focuses on the background, conditions, results and influences of historical phenomena. It is necessary to examine the meaning of the topic, clarify the causal relationship, and clarify the proposition intention.

ultimate cause

Among several reasons of the same historical thing, the decisive and inevitable factor is the fundamental reason.

① Analysis from productivity and production relations, economic base and superstructure principle.

Based on the analysis of class nature, historical materialism holds that the class and political party of historical figures not only have a profound influence on historical events, but also can delay or accelerate the historical process and play a decisive role.

(3) from the main contradictions that affect historical things to analyze. Every historical thing is the unity of phenomenon and essence. Only by looking at the essence through phenomena and grasping the essence or principal contradiction of historical things can we grasp the root causes of its occurrence, development and change.

4. Negative multiple-choice questions (reverse multiple-choice questions)

This kind of multiple-choice question usually requires choosing an option that is inconsistent with historical facts. It is characterized by the use of negative hints or restrictions in the stem of the question, such as "no", "nothing", "nothing" and "incorrect", so special attention should be paid to reverse thinking.

Problem-solving method: To solve this kind of problem, we can use backward deduction method, that is, according to the meaning of the problem, first find out three alternatives that meet the requirements of the problem, and the remaining alternatives are the answers to the requirements of the problem.

Positive thinking or exclusion can also be used to solve such problems.

5. Reasoning multiple-choice questions

_ _ _ Reasoning multiple-choice questions mean that this kind of multiple-choice questions can be solved by reasoning. This kind of questions often involve some regular problems, and candidates can analyze historical phenomena with similar nature by mastering historical laws.

6. Sort multiple-choice questions

_ _ _ This kind of topic requires candidates to arrange historical facts or historical phenomena in a certain order according to the requirements of the topic, such as chronological order, and its form is serialized or not.

——————————— When doing this kind of problem, you can use the exclusion method! ! ___

7. Compare multiple-choice questions

_ _ _ This kind of questions put together comparable historical events or the performance of the same historical phenomenon in different historical periods, and find out their similarities or differences through analysis, induction and comparison.

_ _ _ solution: according to the conditions provided by the stem, find out the similarities and differences between the two, and make a comprehensive judgment based on the knowledge learned.

8. Material multiple choice questions

_ _ _ This kind of question is an objective answer to the problem of material analysis. One or several materials are often provided in the stem of the question, and candidates are required to find out the correct options through the historical truth and requirements behind the materials on the basis of reading the materials.

_ _ _ _ Solution: It is divided into three steps:

First, the historical background of the material is determined by looking at the source of the quotation and other relevant information.

Second, read through the material and find out the content of the material and the relevant people or things.

Third, find out the connotation of the alternative scheme and its relationship with the stem of the topic, and find out the alternative scheme that meets the requirements of the topic and historical facts.

Second, the material analysis questions to answer

Reading is the premise of solution.

1. Look at the problem first, then look at the material. Look at the material with questions, which is clearer and clearer.

2. The basic principles of reading materials: ① Look at both ends and find information. The first and second ends of the material are generally the places where the proposer briefly introduces the source and content of the material, which generally includes one or more pieces of information such as the background, time, country and author of the material, and even the center of the material. These explanatory words often give the problem solver some hints and guidance, which may ambush the information needed to solve the problem. They are instructive and should not be missed.

(2) reading, read through the materials. It should be read three times:

Read it roughly for the first time and find the core content of the material narrative.

Read carefully for the second time, correctly understand the viewpoint of the material, and get effective information.

Focus on reading for the third time, read with questions and extract effective information.

Find-is the key to the answer.

_ _ _ "Seeking" refers to finding information points and information sources to solve problems from materials and related knowledge. These information points and information sources are often intertwined with "reading" and have the same direction.

___ 1. Find effective information from the material content itself.

2. From the relationship between materials and textbooks (back to textbooks)-looking for similarities. For example, "analyze the material and answer with what you have learned."

The connection here

First, the test questions are based on textbook knowledge.

Second, there are one or two questions in the test questions that need to be answered or determined by textbook knowledge.

3. From the perspective of material content and problems-find relevant points, find information to answer questions from materials, adhere to the principle of "from history", and give full play to the value of materials themselves in solving problems.

Answer-is the location of the solution.

1. Pay attention to answer the first question. Whether the positioning answer of the first question is accurate and complete directly affects the answer of the next question.

2. Pay attention to asking questions carefully. In many questions, there are some leading and restrictive words, which limit the answer to the question.

For example, summarize and refine according to the material, don't copy the original words of the material, talk about understanding according to the material, draw a conclusion from the comprehensive material, compare the material, and how to evaluate the material's point of view. These restrictive words generally represent the essential meaning of the content of questions and the ability requirements of examination, so we should pay full attention to them.

3. Pay attention to the question score. The score is large, and the answer should be detailed; The score is small, and the answer should be short.

4. Pay attention to the integrity and hierarchy of analysis.

The completeness and hierarchy of material problem solutions directly determine the difference of scores.

For example, Question 46 of 1997, "Talk about your understanding of the westward movement", only gave those who plundered Indians or promoted the economic development of the United States 1 point; If both questions are answered, give 2 points; Answer two aspects and point out that promoting economic development is the dominant aspect, give 3 points. It can be seen that the analysis of materials should be complete and in-depth.

5. Pay attention to the application of historical viewpoints, such as "respecting objective economic laws, the adjustment of production relations must adapt to the development level of productive forces" and "science and technology are the primary productive forces".

6. Pay attention to the conciseness of the answer. Supplement 3: Strategies for answering historical questions and answers.

First, the examination and approval topic.

Accurate examination of questions is the premise of correct answers. Although there are various types of questions, the basic structure is basically the same. Therefore, there are certain rules to follow in the examination of questions, which can be roughly divided into three steps:

First, analyze the structure of the test questions. History test questions generally include subject words, answer words, hints and qualifiers.

For example, in the topic "Comments on the historical role of the national bourgeoisie in China during the democratic revolution", "China national bourgeoisie" is the subject, "historical role" is the answer, "democratic revolution" is the qualifier and "comment" is the prompt.

The subject, also known as "central language", is generally located in the middle of the test questions, telling the candidates which historical event or phenomenon the test questions are aimed at. Supplementary answers are answer items, which are often located at the end of the test questions. It specifies which aspects should be answered. These contents are usually reasons, influences, similarities and differences, characteristics, nature, outcome and significance.

Prompt words often appear in front of test questions (in the answer words of individual test questions). It stipulates the way to answer, that is, to solve the problem of how to answer. Commonly used words are: statement, comment, theory, comparison and explanation.

Determiners limit the scope, degree and angle of subject, reply and prompt. The scope of the answer is basically in front of the subject, the answer and the prompt. The qualifications of the topic include time, space, people and the angle of asking questions. To understand these elements, it is necessary to clarify the scope of the answer.

For example, "Briefly describe the main political activities of the national bourgeoisie in China during the old democratic revolution." Bulleted words are determiners. Among them, "brevity" defines the hint in degree, "old democratic revolution" defines the main language in time range, and "mainly, politics" defines the answer in degree and angle.

Of course, in recent years, the way of asking questions in the college entrance examination is generally not so straightforward. Some ask more questions. Some only ask one question, but the components of the question are not clear at a glance.