The commercial development in Song Dynasty was unprecedented, and the root of the commercial revolution was the remarkable improvement of China's economic productivity. The steady development of technology has increased the output of traditional industries. Similarly, the introduction of early-maturing rice varieties has quadrupled crops in the past year, thus promoting agriculture. In addition, the new water conservancy project built in Song Dynasty greatly expanded the irrigation area of paddy fields. It is estimated that rice production doubled from 1 1 to 12 century. The improvement of productivity makes the corresponding population growth possible, which in turn further promotes production. The rapid development of economic activities has also increased the volume of trade. For the first time, there appeared a big city in China, which was dominated by commerce rather than administration. "

With the rise of the Song Dynasty in 960, China seems to have entered the modern era, and a material culture began. The circulation of money is more popular than before. Invention of gunpowder, use of flamethrower, navigation compass, astronomical clock, blast furnace, hydraulic loom, ship waterproof bulkhead, etc. Both appeared in the Song Dynasty. "

At that time, China was the largest and most successful country in the world. Its leading position stems from a series of factors, from the invention of technology to the rise of industrial enterprises and well-managed agriculture, from the universal tradition of education and administrative experiments to tolerance of religion and various philosophical thoughts. 1000 The last China is the world's superpower and the most powerful country in the world. At that time, the capital of the Song Dynasty was in the capital city of Bianliang, Tokyo, which is now Kaifeng, Henan. With a population of one million, it is the most advanced, prosperous and largest city in the world. "

In 1 1, 12,13rd century, China was a leading country in the world. 1 1 century, although Europe got rid of the shadow of the dark middle ages, its economic revival was far from comparable to that of China. At the end of 13, when Kyle Polo traveled to Asia, his hometown Venice and any Eurasian country he passed could not be compared with China in terms of agricultural productivity, handicraft technology, complexity of business organization, urbanization or living standard ... The business revolution depended on the developed transportation system ... Kyle Polo wrote down what he saw and heard in China at the end of 13, and he was very In terms of the total amount and total value of river transport, the Yangtze River exceeds the sum of all rivers and oceans in the Christian world. " "