During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, as the last bronze age in China, bronzes gradually withdrew from the historical stage due to the use of ironware and the promotion of Niu Geng. The use of ironware and the popularization of Niu Geng also marked the remarkable improvement of social productive forces. China's feudal economy has been further developed, especially in the north. The leap of productive forces triggered the revolution of production relations. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the well field system was gradually replaced by feudal private ownership of land, and was finally established through reforms in various countries.
politics
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the war of feudal lords for hegemony destroyed the old order of slavery and brought disaster and pain to the people. However, the result of the war accelerated the process of reunification, promoted national integration and accelerated the pace of change. With the growing strength of the emerging landlord class, they successively launched political reform movements in various vassal States, and the new system was finally established. Qin, the country with the most thorough political reform, became the strongest of the vassal States and later developed into a unified core force.
culture
Culture is a reflection of politics and economy in a certain period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, economic development promoted scientific and technological progress. Social change has contributed to the unprecedented activity of thought and the prosperity of literature and art.
think
At the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the land of China set off a storm of great social change.
In this devastating and overwhelming great change, the old slave-owner class declined and the new landlord class rose; The old system and moral ethics were replaced by the new system and ideology; Some farmers have gained more freedom and profound changes have taken place in social relations of production. The class contradiction is sharp and fierce, and the merger war continues year after year. The whole society presents a complicated situation of great turmoil and reorganization.
During this period, a new social stratum came into being, that is, scholars. They come from all aspects of society, although their status is low, but many of them are learned and talented people, some are scholars who are familiar with astronomy, calendar and geography, and some are outstanding political and military talents. Its representatives, such as Mencius, Mozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Shang Yang, Shen Buhai, Xu Xing, Sean, Su Qin and Zhang Yi, are all famous thinkers, politicians, militarists or scientists. As for the general suggestions, I'll talk about people like carving dragons, fencing, crowing, stealing dogs, and many others.
Due to different backgrounds and positions, scholars put forward different political opinions and demands when solving or answering practical problems. They wrote books and argued endlessly, and a hundred schools of thought contended, forming many schools such as Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, France, Yin and Yang, famous scholars, military strategists, miscellaneous scholars, farmers, novelists and so on. Among them, Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism are the most important. The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi and Han Feizi are the representative works of these four schools. Among them, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi are of high literary value.