1976, a major earthquake occurred in Tangshan, China.

Tangshan earthquake is the most tragic page in the world earthquake history for more than 400 years.

Death: 242,769 people, serious injury: 1, 604,800, 5 1 person.

There is no doubt that 240,000 people are a sad whole. Ten years ago, they took away all their energy and emotion. ...

□3: 42: 53.8 seconds ...

History will always remember this coordinate of the earth: east longitude 1 18.2, north latitude 39.6.

Mankind will always remember this historical moment: July 28th, A.D. 1976, 3: 42 a.m. Beijing time, 53.8 seconds.

The underground rocks in Tangshan suddenly collapsed! It seems that 400 Hiroshima atomic bombs suddenly exploded in the crust 16 km above the ground!

Lightning and thunder thundered over Tangshan; The wind roared on the earth. In the violent shaking, this industrial city with a population of one million was razed to the ground in an instant.

The whole land of North China is shaking violently.

There was a loud noise of house collapse in Tianjin, and the Australian Prime Minister who was visiting the city was awakened. Beijing is shaking, the Monument to the People's Heroes is shaking, and the thick beams and columns on Tiananmen Gate make a broken "quack" sound.

In China, Harbin in the north, Bengbu in Anhui and Qingjiang in Jiangsu in the south, Dengkou in Inner Mongolia and Wuzhong in Ningxia in the west, and Bohai Bay Island and the northeast border in the east, people in this vast area feel abnormal vibrations. Powerful seismic waves spread all over the earth at a speed and in a way that people can't feel.

The Palmer Observatory in Alaska suddenly sounded a gripping alarm, and Alaska jumped up and down by an eighth of an inch. According to the US National Geological Survey, an earthquake of magnitude 8.2 occurred near Tianjin, about 0/00 mile southeast of Beijing, China, at 39.6 north latitude and 0/8 east longitude.

The Japanese announced that an earthquake of magnitude 7.5-8.2 occurred in China. The epicenter was in Inner Mongolia, 43 north latitude and 1 15 east longitude.

Sweden says an earthquake of magnitude 8.2 occurred in China.

The Royal Hong Kong Observatory announced that an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in China, with its epicenter at 39.6 north latitude and east longitude11.1,which is very close to Tangshan.

China, Taipei and central weather bureau said that an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in China.

China Xinhua News Agency broadcast the following news to the world on July 28th: Xinhua News Agency1July 28th, 976: At 3: 42 on July 28th, a strong earthquake struck Tangshan-Fengnan area in Jidong area, Hebei province, China. ……

□ Nature warning.

This seems to be an unpredictable and unstoppable catastrophe, but nature did issue warnings, which made seismologists who collected data again after the disaster feel creepy and thoughtful. However, for "7.28", it was all too late.

1. Terrible fish

According to fishermen in Caijiabao and Beidaihe, fish are crazy. Around July 28, all kinds of fish came up and turned white, which was easy to catch. The fishermen met with unprecedented luck.

Naked children fish with small nets near Qimen River Gate. Fish can catch dozens of pounds of fish in a few hours as long as they jump into the net.

Chen Yucheng of Zhaogezhuang Coal Mine in Tangshan said that on July 24th, the goldfish in his two fish tanks scrambled to jump out of the water, get out of the tank and put it back, but they all screamed.

Huo of Baigezhuang Fish Farm in Tangshan said that on July 25th, there was an uproar in the fish pond, and grass carp jumped around in droves, and some jumped more than a foot above the water. What's even more surprising is that some fish will turn upside down and stand upside down on the water, but they will circle as fast as possible.

On the sea of Dagukou, Tianjin, south of Tangshan, the crew of the tanker "Changhu" introduced that on July 27th, the number of jellyfish around the tanker suddenly increased, and groups of small fish swam around in a hurry, put down their hooks, and soon they could catch more than 100.

2. Flying insects, birds and bats that have lost their "rationality"

The crew of the "Changhu" oil tanker witnessed that on July 25th, the air around the oil tanker creaked, and a large group of dragonflies with dark green wings flew in, perched on the window, mast and ship's side, motionless, and none of them took off. Soon, the commotion on the ship was even greater. A large group of colorful butterflies, native locusts, black cicadas, and many sparrows and unknown birds also flew in, as if it were an unexpected party. Finally, a colorful budgerigar flew in and stood motionless at the stern.

Hundreds of bats were seen flying in the air in broad daylight in Muchang Commune and Xiyingmen Commune on the outskirts of Tianjin.

A member of Xitangtuo Brigade, panzhuang Commune, Ninghai County, southern Tangshan, since July 25th, the old Yan under the beam has been throwing Xiaoyan out of the nest every day. The owner picked Xiaoyan up and was thrown out by the old Yan. On July 27th, Lao Yan flew away with the remaining two Xiaoyan.

On July 27th, members of Qian 'an Township saw dragonflies flying around like locusts. The flight team is 100 meters wide and lasts from east to west 15 minutes or so. Dragonflies buzzed when they flew by, and the momentum was so great that people were dumbfounded.

3. The Great Escape of the Animal Kingdom

On July 27th, people in Wanggaishan, Luannan County, Tangshan saw with their own eyes swarms of mice running in panic. The big mouse ran after the little mouse, and the little mouse bit its tail into a string. Some people were curious and ran after it, but the good-hearted people dissuaded them and said, "Stop fighting, I'm afraid it will send water."

On the morning of July 25th, in Funing County, some people saw 100 weasels, the big ones on their backs and the small ones on their backs, crawling out of the hole in the ancient wall and moving towards the village. When it was dark, a dozen of them wandered under a walnut tree, and five of them were killed on the spot. Others kept wailing and felt afraid of death. On 26th and 27th, this group of weasels continued their activities outside the village, and there was a panic atmosphere.

Sensitive flying insects, large and small birds and animals, took the first step to escape earlier than humans. However, human beings do not realize that this is a warning from nature. They never thought that a catastrophe that would destroy life was coming.

4. Unpredictable information

Nature is really warning mankind.

On the southeast coast of Tangshan, the waves make exciting sounds. Since the end of July, the fishermen in Beidaihe have been puzzled: how the rocks that have been exposed to the sea have been swallowed up by the sea. In the waters from Caijiabao to Dashentang near Tangshan, fishermen don't seem to believe their eyes: the clear sea has always been, why has it turned into turbid yellow? In the restless depths of the sea, it is like the legendary dragon tail swinging in the depths of the seabed and stirring the soil.

According to a diver who was working in the sea near Qinhuangdao at that time, he saw a colorful light band, like a golden dragon, which was fleeting.

Water! Water is also warning people!

There is a well in Gaokan Commune, Luanxian County, Tangshan area. This well is not deep. You can usually carry water with a pole. However, on July 27, someone suddenly found that the bucket hanging on the pole could not reach the water surface. He turned and went home to get the well rope. Unexpectedly, the falling water suddenly picked it up again. Not only do you not need a well rope, but you can also directly carry a bucket to hold water! At that time, in some villages near Tangshan, some ponds dried up inexplicably, and water columns rose in some places. Water! Suddenly falling and rising water! What information of nature is it transmitting to human beings? !

More than 200 kilometers away from Tangshan, at an altitude of 1350 meters, a rain radar on the top of Fodie Mountain in Yanqing County and an air force early warning radar nearby received strange fan-shaped finger echoes from Beijing, Tianjin and Tang on 26th and 27th. This echo is different from the echo caused by wave interference and clear sky turbulence, which makes the monitoring personnel very confused. People in Beijing, Tianjin and Tang Dynasties unconsciously walked through this powerful magnetic field.

On July 27th, several soldiers exclaimed in a military camp in northern Tangshan. They found a pile of steel bars underground, which were somehow generating electricity and glowing, as if an invisible man was burning and welding there.

In Beijing, Tianjin and Tang areas, the fluorescent lights that many families turn off in the middle of the night are still strangely on.

In the Linxi mining area of Tangshan, there is a layer of pale yellow fog, which is dazzling. People are confused by that special smell. They can't see the face of the world clearly, let alone what kind of tragedy is brewing in nature. If all these strange information can be collected, concentrated, transmitted and processed in time, then the description of this disaster may be completely different. It's a pity that the opportunity is lost! People blinked in confusion and walked into the night of July 27 in a daze.

5. Late at night before the "7.27" catastrophe

Wang Cai of Maocaoying Brigade of Liyuan Commune in the suburb of Tangshan came home from the movie at midnight and saw four ducks standing outside the door. When he saw his master, they shouted in unison, craned their necks, spread their wings and staggered. When Wang Cai went there, they chased him and tried their best to twist his trouser legs with their mouths.

Wang Chunheng of Liyuan Commune in the suburb of Tangshan saw the cat of Uncle's family arresting people through the curtain, and he wanted to wake them up.

That night, hundreds of kilometers around Tangshan, Fiona Fang, people heard a long and sharp dog barking.

The German shepherd born by Li Jiaosheng in Daan Village, Yingezhuang Commune, Tangshan City, didn't let him sleep that night. The dog couldn't bark at him, so he took a bite on his leg, which made him jump up and chase the faithful dog.

Li Brigade of Biwuzhuang Commune in Fengnan County was awakened by the barking of dogs in the middle of the night. At that time, his dog was scratching his door in the yard, so he opened the door and let the dog in. The dog tried to drag him out of the house.

The dog of Zhang Hongxiang's family of Angezhai Brigade of Liubeizhai Commune in Zunhua County, Tangshan City barked until the Zhang family got up. The dog bit Zhang Hongxiang's brother's leg and ran outside like a tour guide.

Langaozhuang Commune in Fengnan County, Wang Youcai's wife just walked to the door and went home from the commune that night. The male dog at home suddenly jumped at her from the door and wouldn't let her go to the hospital.

The night gets deeper and deeper. It was a noisy night. It was in this uneasy atmosphere that July 28th came.

/kloc-0: 30, Zhang of Dashantou Mink Farm in Funing County was awakened by a scream of "squeak". 4 15 minks are jumping around in the cage like a fried camp, scared.

At the same time, the chicken farm of Su Guantun Brigade of Baiguantun Commune in Feng Run County was in chaos: more than 1,000 chickens were strung back and forth and clucked on the windowsill.

At three o'clock, more than one hundred horses of Yangguta Brigade of Zuojiawu Commune in Feng Run County all broke their reins, rushed out of the stable and ran wildly on the road.

Just around the corner. There are several melon watchers in Changli County. When they saw the sky suddenly lit up more than 200 meters away, the ground turned white, and the melon leaves and vines in the watermelon field were clearly distinguishable. "Why, it's dawn?" But it's only three o'clock by my watch. Strangely, it was dark again, like ink.

At that moment, the earth was immersed in the peace before destruction.

Obviously, before the Tangshan earthquake, many people received early warning signals from nature. These signals are not unique-hot weather can make chickens and dogs restless, and rainy days can also make well water suddenly rise. People use the most common experience to explain those "anomalies".

In the Earthquake Information Bulletin published by USGS 1978, a humorous photo was printed: a chimpanzee screamed in horror with his eyes closed and his mouth open. The top of the photo says, "Why can I predict earthquakes and earthquake scientists can't?" This is human self-blame. However, people often forget that people are social animals, and even in the struggle with nature, people can only show their strength as a whole. When people fight alone, they have no advantage over animals. Only by instinct, people are worse than animals. In the face of such a major and mysterious natural disaster as earthquake, people have not formed a whole to prevent crime, and there is no corresponding communication channel and means to collect and deal with abnormal information in nature in time. How can they not be broken by the devil who suddenly falls?

Always remember the warnings of nature.

□ Eyewitness statement

1. Li Hongyi (255 hospital nurse)

That night, I was on duty until after midnight. It's hot and stuffy in the middle of the night, so people can't sleep at all. After taking over, I was trapped in the ward until 3: 30, and then I ran outside to enjoy the cool. It's surprisingly quiet around, and the frogs are noisy at ordinary times, but why is there no sound in front of me? It's so quiet that it's scary

Suddenly, I heard a strange sound, squeaking past my head. The sound is very sharp, like a knife across the sky. I shivered and got goose bumps all over. Looking up at the sky, it was gloomy, and there was a colorful cloud with a strange shape, saying whether it was red or not, and whether it was purple or not. The sky was particularly dim. I wondered whether it would rain, so I got up and went into the house. But people panic inexplicably, as if someone would chase me from behind at any time. I usually have a lot of courage, but I was scared to death, my heart was pounding, and I ran away for no reason. When I looked back, it was particularly bright in the west, as if it were on fire. No one could hear me shouting, and everything seemed dead. I became more and more nervous, so I ran into the house, turned on the light and plugged in the door.

At this moment, I heard a loud noise, like 180 cars started at the same time. "Oh, no" I heard this voice in Cangzhou during the Xingtai earthquake. I immediately thought: it was an earthquake.

While speaking, the house shook violently, and the thermos bottle on the table fell to the ground and was blown to pieces. I forced open the door, only a small part of it, rushed out of the house and rushed to the big tree in front of the house.

I clung to the tree. In the dark, I only felt the earth shaking, and I was in rolling in the deep with the tree. There was no sound of the house collapsing. I only saw the shadow of the dormitory building. It was there just now, but it soon disappeared.

I held out my hand and waved it in front of my eyes, so I couldn't see anything clearly. I screamed with all my strength.

2. Tian Yu An (farmer of Daodi Brigade, Fengnan County, Tangshan City)

Well, that's terrible.

That day, the new captain asked everyone to work all night, saying that he was afraid of missing the farming season.

It was not until after three o'clock that the matter was over. The others picked up their tools and went back to the village, leaving me and another person to clean the site. Suddenly, there was a thunder overhead and the earth shook! I feel as if I have been swept to the ground by a sweeping leg. I turn left one by one and roll right one by one. I can't hold on. The lights on the field went out at once. Turn around, my god, it's so scary! A fireball came out of the ground, dazzling red, crackling and ringing, and it didn't go out until it flew into the air.

At dawn, I saw a crack where the fireball jumped out, and the soil on both sides was burnt.

3. Zhang Keying (Tangshan Railway Station Attendant)

I will never forget the loud noise of the earthquake.

That day, I got up at two o'clock to be on duty and was responsible for selling platform tickets. After three o'clock, I heard someone shout, "It's going to rain! It's going to rain! " I hurried out to move my new bike, but I saw the sky was faintly red, as if it were shining somewhere. People in the square in front of the station poured into the waiting room to find shelter from the rain. At that time, there were more than 200 people in the waiting room, including those who picked up the bus, got on the bus and got off the bus. I still remember a couple of young people asking me to buy platform tickets to pick up the car in Beijing. I told them, "There is no car at present. Let's buy it after five o'clock." They waited at the window until they left. Who would have thought that an earthquake would come?

Before the earthquake, I was chatting with Master Chen next door when I suddenly heard "Mao! ! ! "The noise shocked everyone. I thought two high-speed trains collided. Before I could shout it out, the lights in the whole waiting room went out and it was dark. The house was shaking and the waiting room was in chaos. Call dad, call mom, people step on people, things touch things, everything. First I heard "Burst! Explosion! " The sound of chandeliers and ceiling fans falling on people's heads made the smashed adults and children scream. In a short time, with a "rumble", the whole station hall fell from the shelf, and more than 200 people, almost all of them were smashed inside. Thanks to my door, I was caught in the middle of the "small storage" shelf and didn't hurt my life. I heard two screams near me:

"Oh, dear-"

"Mama ah-"

I can hear you. It's the young man and woman. They only shouted this time, not the second time. ...

-The dying dawn

Tangshan lost its dawn for the first time.

It is shrouded in fog. Lime, loess, coal dust, smoke and dust, as well as dead objects produced when a city was destroyed, are mixed into fog. Dense fog filled, floating, piece by piece, rising constantly, like a curtain slowly suspended in the air, silently covering the ruins and the empty city of doom.

I can't hear the loud noise like a nuclear explosion during the earthquake, and I can't hear the deep breath when the earth shakes. Just a few hours ago, Tangshan was still so beautiful. Now, all its limbs are broken and it is dying.

Now in the fog:

At Tangshan Railway Station, the East Railway bends like a snake, and its outline is like a flat iron gourd.

The seventh floor of Kailuan Hospital has become a triangular leaning tower like a mound, leaving only two buildings the size of wards at the top, precariously leaning against a wall that may collapse at any time. All the balconies collapsed, and the third-floor balcony hit the second-floor balcony vertically, trying to fall.

The cement road in Tangshan No.10 Middle School was broken in the middle, one to the left and the other to the right, with a dislocation of up to one meter.

……

What is even more shocking is that in the place where the ground fissures passed by the "7.28" earthquake, the Party School of Tangshan District Committee, Dongxinjie Primary School, the regional agricultural research institute and the entire Lunan residential area all disappeared as if touched by a giant hand. A natural prank made Tangshan unrecognizable. The bridge was broken, the chimney collapsed, the train derailed, and the scattered concrete beams and columns staggered, but the fallen floor hung in the air and broken walls was everywhere. ...

In the dense fog, there were no groans or shouts, only mechanical footsteps, heavy gasps and piles of tall bodies on the roadside! The skull was crushed, the feet were smashed, the body was squashed, the chest was pierced ... The most terrible thing was the body hanging on the dangerous building. Some have only one hand pressed by the floor, and the cracked head hangs down; Some people are caught by their feet when they jump off a building, and the whole person hangs upside down in the air. This is the most sensitive group of victims. They have awakened from a deep dream and escaped, but their escape path was cut off by death. There was a young mother who leaned out of the third floor window and pressed her against the windowsill when the heavy floor fell. She died in mid-air, holding the child in her arms, and instinctively protected this little life at the moment of death. Mother's drooping hair fluttered in the fog as the dangerous building trembled in the aftershock.

All kinds of figures, shaking in the fog. They were in shock and staggered, like a group of sleepwalkers, and were thrown into a strange planet in a trance. They are numb, and the lacrimal gland, vocal cords and nervous system that conducts pain are numb. No one expected such a great disaster. They have no time to think, feel or even mourn the separation of their flesh and blood.

The sun came out. When this round of fireballs hung high as usual, the thick fog, which was already extremely thick and dying, began to become thin and slowly dispersed under the intense light. Tangshan, in a coma, is about to wake up. When the dense fog was about to disperse, the frightened people suddenly found two wolves that had escaped from the zoo. They were also frightened. They stood on the black ruins in the distance, with their eyes open in horror and their gasps lingering. Suddenly, they jumped up and shot at the top of Phoenix Mountain like arrows. Before the cliff, they finally stopped, like stone carvings. Facing the whole broken Tangshan at the foot of the mountain, facing such a boundless ruin, and facing such a disaster in the sea of Wang Yang, they let out a series of squeal howls similar to human voices.

The morning fog of "7.28", full of horrible howl, lingered for a long time.

Of the 682,267 civil buildings and10932,272 square meters in Tangshan urban and rural areas, 656 136 buildings and 1050 1056 square meters collapsed in the earthquake, which was seriously damaged! The house is a shelter for human beings and a symbol of people's civilized evolution and beautification of life. However, in a big earthquake, they helped make the disaster worse and became the grave of mankind.

Tangshan is a famous industrial city in northern China. Its area accounts for about 1/10000 of China, its population accounts for about 1/1000 of China, and its output value accounts for about 1% of China!

Tangshan, known as the coal capital, accounts for one twentieth of the country's coal production, supporting the main steel mills in China. Tangshan's electricity plays an important role. Douhe Power Station is one of the main power stations in North China Power Grid and the largest thermal power station in China. Tangshan is also a famous "porcelain capital of North China", which can be compared with Jingdezhen's ceramics. Tangshan also has metallurgical industry, textile industry, cement, automobile, machinery manufacturing … many extremely important enterprises!

But as the largest heavy industrial city in North China, there is hardly a vertical chimney. As a huge economic life, it has no breathing, no pulse and no flowing blood. Only ruins!

1835 On March 4th, the great evolutionist Darwin came to Concepcion, Chile, where a strong earthquake just happened. Facing the ruins, he expressed heartfelt emotion: "... the achievements made by countless human time and labor were destroyed in one minute;" However, my sympathy for the victims seems to be thinner than another feeling, that is, the sense of consternation caused by the scene that often takes centuries to complete, but now it is destroyed in one minute ... "

This is also how countless people in China feel about the "7.28" disaster day in Tangshan.