Hakka tea smashing is one of the oldest tea ceremonies in China, and it is known as "the living fossil of China tea culture". On October 20 14, 165438+ 10, Hakka tea was included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage list with the approval of the State Council.
Hakka has a long history of smashing tea, which has a history of thousands of years. There are different opinions about the origin of tea smashing. There is a legend in Fujian called "Uncle Lei of She nationality in Jianyang County, who was the first to make tea". There is a story about "Zhuge Liang marched into central Hunan, plagued by plague, and the old woman made tea to drive away the disease". It is also said that it is a street snack sold by Hepo, Nanguancheng, Hepo Town, Jiexi, Guangdong. According to historical records, lei tea evolved from porridge tea in Han and Wei dynasties and salt tea in Tang and Song dynasties. Began in the north of the Yellow River, Hakka ancestors brought it to Gannan, and it has been passed down to this day.
Six provinces in southern China have retained the custom of tea-smashing, and the ancient customs of tea-smashing have been preserved in Jiexi, Puning, Liuhe, Qingyuan, Yingde, Haifeng, Lufeng, Huilai and Wuhua in Guangdong Province. Anhua, Taojiang, Taoyuan, Changde, Yiyang and other places in Hunan Province; Quannan, Ganxian, Shicheng, Xingguo, Du Yu and Ruijin in Jiangxi Province; Jiangle, Taining, Ninghua and other places in Fujian Province; Huangyao, Guild and Babu in Hezhou, Guangxi; Hsinchu, Miaosu and other places in Taiwan Province Province.
Hakka people are hospitable, and smashing tea is the most common and grand hospitality etiquette for Hakka people. Whether it's a wedding celebration or visiting relatives and friends, please have tea.
There are three treasures in smashing tea: smashing bowls, smashing sticks (made of hawthorn trees or tea oil trunks) and scoops (screens made of bamboo sticks).
Tea is made of green tea (the new leaves of old tea trees are the best), peanuts (raw or cooked), sesame (raw or cooked), ginger, etc. Chinese herbal medicines such as Herba Menthae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae and Flos Lonicerae can be added according to personal taste or seasonal climate change.
There are many traditional methods of Hakka broken tea. Here are two simple methods:
One method is to put the prepared materials into a tea bowl in turn and grind them into powder with a tea stick, and then pour in an appropriate amount of boiling water.
Another method is to put the prepared materials into a tea bowl in turn and grind them into powder with a tea stick, add a proper amount of water, and then pour them into a pot to boil.
Grinding sequence: put sesame and peanuts into tea …
Finally, add the right amount of salt.
There is also a Hakka way of smashing tea called Camellia oleifera (raw tea), which is a little more complicated. Camellia oleifera is usually eaten with rice.
With the progress of science and technology, the appearance of pulverizers and the fast pace of life, the practice of crushing Hakka tea has been upgraded in some places.
Modern practice: put the prepared materials directly into a pulverizer and grind them into powder, and then add salt to the boiling water. This practice directly eliminates the original "three treasures of tea smashing". Although it is simple and convenient, it loses the original soul of Hakka tea smashing.
Drinking tea is a traditional culture with a long history in China, and Hakka smashing tea culture is a wonderful flower in China tea culture. It is characterized by various drinking methods around how to drink broken tea. Hakka broken tea can be used as water to quench thirst. You can drink fried rice; Or stir-fry a few dishes and make some snacks (rice, peanuts, Shaqima, popcorn, etc. ) and eat and drink, or soak in rice directly.
Although the drinking methods of Hakka tea vary from place to place, people usually have the custom of drinking Hakka tea. If you say you are full or don't want to drink, then you can hold this bowl in your hand and don't drink it yet. People have finished eating and drinking, so you can finish it all at once. Goodbye! Otherwise, the host will keep adding tea to you, and she will give you another sip when you take a sip, and she will give you half a bowl when you drink half a bowl, for fear that you are not full.
In fact, the drinking method of Hakka tea is not too particular, and there is no need to have as many rules as tea tasting. The most important thing for Hakka to smash tea is to eat, drink and have a good chat. Neighbors, relatives and friends, men, women and children get together, talk while drinking, you smile at me, I smile at you, the atmosphere is harmonious and very lively.
In some places, Hakka people call it "Camellia Party", just like an entertainment and cultural exchange activity, where people share happiness and talk about their families.
The main functions of Leicha are: promoting fluid production to quench thirst, preventing wind and dispelling cold, stimulating appetite and strengthening spleen, clearing away heat and toxic materials, clearing away liver heat and improving eyesight, moistening skin and beautifying face.
Due to the author's limited experience, he may miss some important and key materials related to Hakka tea culture and history. It will continue to be revised in the future until the Hakka tea culture and history can be completely and accurately recorded.
Let's go hand in hand to inherit and carry forward Hakka culture!