The first year of Renzong's heyday in the Northern Song Dynasty-the eighth year of Jiayou (1023- 1064)

1036 Su Shi was born

1054 Marry Wang Fu

1057 Zhongshi Stone; Mother's funeral; Filial piety (1057.4- 1059.6)

1059 family to Kyoto

106 1 Judge Ren Fengxiang

The first year of Yingzong Zhiping-four years (1064- 1068)

1064 Museum of Professional History

1065 wife's funeral

1066 father's funeral; Filial piety (1066.4-2068.7)

The first year of Zongshen Xining-the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1068- 1086)

Marry Wang Runzhi.

1069 back to Beijing; Office history museum

107 1 any supervision; As an ordinary judge in Hangzhou

1074 ren mizhou satrap

1076 was appointed as Xuzhou satrap.

1079 as Huzhou satrap; Be put in prison

1080 Exile in Huangzhou

1084 to Changzhou

1085 to Dengzhou; Ren Dengzhou satrap; To Kyoto; Ren Zhongshu Scheeren

Zhezong (1086- 1 100) was in power during the reign of Yuan You (1085- 1093).

1086 imperial edict with the knowledge of Hanlin bachelor.

1089, Governor of Hangzhou and Commander of the West Zhejiang Military Region.

109 1 is the official minister; To Kyoto; Ren Yingzhou satrap

1092 as Yangzhou satrap; Department of War History; Minister of rites

1093 wife's funeral; The queen mother died; Adjust the county magistrate; Commander of Hebei Military Region

1094 to Huizhou; Exile Huizhou

1097 to Hainan; Exile in Danzhou, Hainan

Hui Zong (110/-kloc-0/126) was the empress dowager (1 100).

1 10 1 return to the north; Go to Changzhou; stop

1 126 The Northern Song Dynasty perished.

Su Shi (1037 ~11year), a famous writer, painter and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, was named "Dongpo Jushi" and was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meizhou, Sichuan). He, his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are both famous literary figures, and they are called "Three Sus" in the world. It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. Speaking of him, almost anyone with a little knowledge of literature knows it.

His father, Su Xun, was the "Sue" mentioned in The Amethyst at the age of 27. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.

In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 20-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on punishment and loyalty, and became a scholar in high school.

In the sixth year of Jiayou, Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called "three-year Beijing Examination", got the third grade, and signed a book for the judge in Dali. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed.

Su Shi has been away from Beijing for several years, and great changes have taken place in North Korea. After Zongshen ascended the throne, he appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new country Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.

On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, so he disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter of opposition.

As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.

Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places.

This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, someone deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case.

Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Thanks to the national policy of not killing ministers during Mao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi escaped.

After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he leads his family to reclaim wasteland and farms to help make a living. The nickname "Dongpo lay man" was given to him at this moment.

In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong, Su Shi left Huangzhou for Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.

Zhezong ascended the throne, Wang Anshi's power declined, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as the phase. Su Shi was recalled to North Korea on 1920. After that, in a short period of one or two years, Su Shi was promoted from the governor of Dengzhou to the bachelor of Hanlin and became the minister of the highest etiquette department.

As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor.

At this point, Su Shi could neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he asked for another transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he went to Hangzhou as a prefect again after a long absence of 16 years.

Su Shi's only achievement in Hangzhou is to build a major water conservancy project and a dam beside the West Lake, which is the famous "Su Causeway".

Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But not long after, Wang Anshi came to power again and he was recalled to North Korea. But he was soon released to Yingzhou because of political disagreement.

After that, Su Shi went to the DPRK several times, demoted officials, demoted officials, entered the DPRK ... and suffered the ups and downs of the official sea. He was banished to Huizhou and Danzhou (now Hainan Island), and when Yuan Dynasty (11kloc-0/) was recalled to Beijing again, he died in Changzhou at the age of 66.

Judging from Su Shi's resume, he was not successful as an official. His main advantage lies in his literary creation. He was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties and one of the four great calligraphers in Song Dynasty (Su, Huang, Mi and Cai). As far as the existing works of Su Shi are concerned, he is proficient in all kinds of poems and songs. In the talented Song Dynasty, he was a poet, a poet and a writer.

2. Tao Yuanming (352 or 365 or 372 or 376-427), alias Mr. Wu Liu, changed his name to Qian in his later years and had a private meeting with relatives and friends after his death. The Eastern Jin Dynasty Xunyang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) was a Chai Sang.

Tao Yuanming was born in a ruined official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made outstanding military achievements. He was an official of Fu, the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the eight countries, and Jing and Jiang were the secretariat of Changsha. Grandfather Tao Mao and father Tao Yi are both governors.

When I was a child, my family declined, my father died at the age of eight, my mother died of illness at the age of twelve, and my mother and sister lived alone. Most orphans and widows live in their grandfather Meng Jia's house. Meng Jia is a contemporary celebrity. "If you don't share the same sky, you won't brag for many years and you will never be happy." . Good wine, more without chaos; As for forgetting pride, no one. "("Biography of Meng Fujun, General of the Western Expedition in the Jin Dynasty ") In the late Yuan and Ming Dynasties," deliberately lived in the world, and many people imitated their ancestors. "In the future, his personality and accomplishment are largely the legacy of his grandfather. Grandfather's family has a lot of books, which provides him with the conditions to read ancient books and understand history. In the Jin Dynasty, the literati took Zhuang and Lao as their ancestors and copied the Six Classics. He not only studied Lao Zi and Zhuangzi like ordinary literati, but also studied the Six Classics of Confucianism and "different books" such as literature, history and mythology. Influenced by the ideological trend of the times and the family environment, he accepted two different thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism, and cultivated two different interests: "aiming high" and "loving the mountains".

Tao Yuanming rarely has the ambition to "escape from the four seas" ("Miscellaneous Poems"). He was filial to Taiyuan for eighteen years (393). With the desire of "great help for life", he served as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou. At that time, the gate valve system was strict. He came from a civilian family and was looked down upon. He felt that he couldn't stand being an official and turned himself in in a few days. (Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of Jin) After he resigned and went home, the country called him the main book again, and he also declined politely. In the fourth year of Long 'an (400 years), Andi went to Jingzhou and joined Huan Xuan as a vassal. At this time, Huan Xuan was controlling the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, eyeing the opportunity to usurp the Eastern Jin regime. Of course, he refused to go with Huan Xuan and be the confidant of the careerist. He wrote in his poem: "How to get as far as Xijing without this." ("Xin Chou left for a night outing in July and returned to Jiangling") has remorse for Huan Xuan. "How can you drown in long-term love?" ("Two Poems by Gengzi in Mid-May, From Jingshi to Governing Forest") issued a deep sigh for the official life of bowing to others. In the winter of five years in Longan, because his mother died, he resigned and went home. In the first month of the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan sent troops against the imperial court, invaded Jiankang and seized the military and political power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, Huan Xuan overtly usurped the throne in Jiankang, changed his name to Chu, and imprisoned Andi in Xunyang. In his hometown, he devoted himself to self-financing and sang behind closed doors: "Under the tomb door, he is isolated from the world." Looking around, who knows, Fei Jing is usually closed during the day. "Huan Xuan peanuts, disdain. In the third year of Yuanxing, the general, Xiapi Wudi and He Wuji set out from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to crusade against Huan. Huan Xuan defeated the West and brought Andy, who was imprisoned in Xunyang, to Jiangling. He left home to join the army under the protection of Emperor Wu of Song. Tao Yuanming was put into the shogunate after Emperor Wu of Song captured Jiankang. When Emperor Wu of Song crusaded against Huan Xuan, he followed the story of Tian Chou's loyalty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, disguised himself as a private traveler, ventured to Jiankang, and took Huan Xuan hostage to Andi to Jiangling, and returned to Emperor Wu of Song, realizing his desire to fight for the usurper. He happily wrote a poem: "I am not afraid of being ignorant at forty." I am famous for my car, and I want to be famous, too. "Although thousands of miles away, how dare you!" ("Mr. Murong" Chapter 4) After Emperor Wu of Song entered health, his style was quite extraordinary. The politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been corrupted by the "abolition of all schools". After Emperor Wu of Song "set an example", he was banned by force (banned in advance). "Officials at home and abroad are all in awe and change customs." His personality, talent and achievements are quite similar to those of Tao Kan, and he once had a good impression on him. But soon after the curtain rises, Emperor Wu of Song killed Diao Kui and the innocent Wang Yu and his son in order to cut off the dissidents. And with an affair, Wang Shu, a confidant of Huan Xuan who everyone thought should be killed, was appointed as an important official such as Shangshulu and Yangzhou Secretariat. These dark phenomena disappointed him. In the poem "A Qubo, the Song of the First Town Army Joining the Army", I wrote: "My eyes are tired of mountains and rivers, and my heart is full of mountains and rivers." "Words and deeds will eventually return to the class and live in Lu." Then resign and live in seclusion. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was transferred to General Jianwei and Jiangzhou secretariat Liu Shenjun. In March, he was ordered to go to Jiankang to resign for Liu. After Liu left his post, he also left. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him as Pengze County Magistrate. After taking office for 8 1 day, I met a post sent by Xunyang County, and the official said, "Welcome him as a leash." He sighed: "I can't bend back to the village for fifty dou meters." He got permission to leave his job. Tao Yuanming's thirteen-year official career ended with his resignation from pengze county. These thirteen years are the thirteen years in which he worked hard, disappointed and finally despaired in order to realize his ideal and ambition of "helping the poor". Finally, the poem "Return to Xi Ci" shows the determination to break with the upper ruling class and not do as the Romans do.

Tao Yuanming resigned and returned to his hometown, living a life of "land to the tiller, self-financing". His wife Zhai is like him. She is happy and humble. "Her husband plows the fields in front and her wife hoes the fields in the back." Working together to maintain her life is closely related to the working people. At the beginning of returning to the field, life was ok. "There are more than ten acres of square houses, eight or nine straw houses, the back eaves of Liu Yin and the front of peaches and plums." Yuan Ming loves chrysanthemums, and chrysanthemums are planted everywhere at home. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" ("Self-Miscellaneous Poems") has always been the population of moxibustion. He is a heavy drinker and will get drunk when he drinks it. When friends visit, no matter how high or low, as long as there is wine at home, they will drink together. He got drunk first. He said to the guest, "I'm drunk, so I can go." For four years, Yixi lived in underground Beijing (now at the foot of Xiyujing Mountain in Xing Zi County) and moved to Lili (now Tao Lili Village, a hot spring in Xing Zi), making life even more difficult. If there is a bumper harvest, you can also "enjoy drinking spring wine and picking vegetables from our garden" to prevent "hunger in summer and sleeping at night" in disaster years. As we approached Yixi, an old farmer knocked at the door early in the morning, brought wine to drink with him, and advised him to be an official: "It is not enough to live high under a broken roof. I have been a Shang Tong all my life (right and wrong are not divided), I hope you are muddy (referring to the same stream). " He replied, "I was deeply impressed by my father's words and I was very angry." Fiber (enter) can be learned honestly, but it is not a mystery? Enjoy this glass of wine together. I can't drive back. "("Drinking ") declined the old farmer's advice in a tone of" harmony but difference ". In his later years, his life became poorer and poorer, and some friends offered to give him money to help him. Sometimes, he can't help asking for a loan. His old friend was appointed as the magistrate of Shi 'an County in the first year of Jingping (423). After Xunyang, I went to his house to drink every day. When I left, I left 20 thousand yuan, sent them to the hotel and drank them one by one. However, he asked for a loan or accepted charity in principle. In the first year of Yuanjia, Song Wendi (424), Tandaoji, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, paid a personal visit. At this point, he was sick and hungry for several days, and he couldn't get out of bed. Tan Daoji advised him: "Sages are alive, but if there is no way in the world, they will be hidden. Where there is a road, there is a road. This child (you) was born in the civilized world, why should he suffer? " He said: "I dare not look at sages, but I don't have that big ambition." Tan Daoji gave the meat to Liang, but he waved away. He resigned from his post and returned to his hometown for 22 years. He has been living a poor and rural life, but when he is old, his interest in keeping poor and honest is getting stronger and stronger. In the middle of September in the fourth year of Yuan Jia (427), when he was still conscious, he wrote three elegies for himself. In the last two sentences of the third poem, he said, "What if I die?" This shows that he views death so naturally.

Tao Yuanming was the most outstanding poet in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Tao poems 125, mostly five-character poems. From the content, it can be divided into three categories: drinking poems, chanting poems and pastoral poems.

Tao Yuanming is the first poet who wrote a lot of drinking poems in the history of China literature. The 20 songs he "drank" were all "intoxicating" or accused the right and wrong of being reversed, discrediting the same upper class; Or expose the decadent darkness of the world; Or reflect the sinister occupation; Or express the joy of the poet after he quit the officialdom; Or express the poet's grievances in difficulties. Judging from the interest and style of the poem, it may not be a work of the same period. In the second year of Yuanxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Gong Jin as the king of Lingling, killed him the following year, and established the Liu and Song Dynasties. Narrating wine records the process of usurping power in a subtle and tortuous way by metaphor. He expressed infinite sorrow for the downfall of Emperor Jin Gong and the Jin Dynasty. At this time, Tao Yuanming had lived in seclusion for many years and was used to troubled times and usurping power. But this poem still reveals his unforgettable human spirit.

2. Poems chanting for the bosom are represented by 12 miscellaneous poems and 13 reading mountain and sea classics. 12' s miscellaneous poems mostly show their political depression after retirement, and express their noble personality of not drifting with the tide. It can be seen that the poet's heart is infinitely deep and broad. 13 in Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas expresses the same content by reciting the wonders in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. For example, the poem 10, by praising Jing Wei and Xing Tian's "fierce ambition is always there", expresses and shows that their ambition to help the world will never die.

3. Pastoral Poems Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help us indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. With its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, it opened up a new world for China's poetry circle and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.

Tao Yuanming's existing articles include 3 poems, 5 rhymes and 4 essays, totaling 12. The leisure fu in Ci Fu is written by imitating Zhang Heng's fixed love fu and Cai Yong's static love fu. The content is to write a dream about love, which is meaningless. "Feeling Men Encounter Fu" is a copy of Dong Zhongshu's Feeling Men Encounter Fu and Sima Qian's Sad Men Encounter Fu, and its content is to express the resentment under the door valve system. Gui Xi Ci is a political declaration that Tao Yuanming publicly broke with the upper class when he resigned and retired. The article used a lot of space to write about his infinite joy of leaving the officialdom, imagine his infinite joy after retiring to the countryside, and show the author's yearning and love for nature and seclusion. The article skillfully integrates narrative, discussion and lyricism to create a vivid, natural and fascinating artistic realm; The language is natural and simple, washing away the strong local flavor. The rhymes include Painting Praise on the Fan, Reading History, Nine Chapters, Sacrifice to Sister, Sacrifice to Brother and Sacrifice to Yourself. Prose includes "Biography of Meng Fujun, General of the Western Expedition to Jin Dynasty", also known as "Biography of Meng Jia", which is a biography written for Meng Jia, the ancestor of foreign nationalities; In addition, there are Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Peach Blossom Garden, and Dissipation with Yan Zi. Generally speaking, Wen Tao's numbers and achievements are not as good as Shi Tao's. Tao Yuanming's works are sincere, simple and natural, sometimes revealing escapism. The thought of Lotte know life made Lao Zi and Zhuangzi known as "pastoral poets".

In 427 AD, Tao Yuanming passed away after 76 years of life. He was buried in the tomb of Tao Jiagong at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, at the foot of Mianyang Mountain at the junction of Jiujiang County and Xing Zi County in Jiangxi Province today. Today, Tao Yuanming's tomb is well preserved. The tombstone consists of one big stone tablet, two small stone tablets. In the middle, "The Tomb of Mr. Jingjie, Tao Gong of Jin Dynasty" is written in regular script, with an epitaph on the left and a poem on the right, which was set up by Tao's descendants in the first year of Qing Qianlong.

After Tao Yuanming's death, his best friend Yan Yanzhi wrote Zheng Tao Yi Tu for him, and named posthumous title "Quiet Festival". Yan Yanzhi praised Tao Yuanming's character and integrity in his obituary, but did not fully affirm his literary achievements. Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature has not been fully affirmed and recognized in the decades after his death.

Xiao Tong, Prince Zhaoming of Liang Dynasty, attached great importance to Tao Yuanming's poems and couldn't put it down. Xiao Tong personally compiled, prefaced and passed on Tao Yuanming. The Collection of Tao Yuanming is the first collection of literary works by scholars in the history of China literature, which is of great significance. Xiao Tong praised "his prose is not crowded, his words are brilliant, his ups and downs are obvious, he is superior to others, and his cadence is as bright as Beijing".

During the Southern Dynasties, Tao Yuanming's literary position was not recognized as it should be, but his poetry and prose works spread more and more widely and influenced more and more.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, more and more poets liked Tao Yuanming's poems and praised him more and more.

Wang Ji was an idyllic poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Like Tao Yuanming, he lived in seclusion in the countryside for many times, entertaining himself with Gin. Are you fat? Collapse? nbsp

Ruan Ji woke up less and less, and Tao Qian got drunk more and more.

A hundred years later, how full is it? A fun and long song.

Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet in Tang Dynasty, worshipped Tao Yuanming very much. He wrote in "Returning to Hannan to Send Old Beijing Tour in Midsummer":

Appreciating the Biography of Gaotu, Tao is the best, and his eyes are idyllic, so he calls himself Emperor Xi.

Li Bai admired Tao Yuanming's character and poetry. In the script to Zheng Liyang wrote:

Ling Tao gets drunk every day. I don't know five Liu Chun.

Su Qin has no strings and pours wine with a towel.

Under the breezy north window, I call myself Emperor Xi.

When I arrived at chestnuts, I met my whole life.

Li Bai's thought of "being able to urge the eyebrows to bend over and serve the powerful" is in the same strain as Tao Yuanming's spirit of "fighting for rice without bending over".

After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu lived a wandering life, taking Tao Yuanming as his confidant. He wrote in "To Yin Wei's Henan Husband":

Relaxation should be wine, not poetry.

This meaning is implicit, I will be born after you.

Bai Juyi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, highly admired Tao Yuanming. In 8 15, Bai Juyi was demoted to Sima, Jiangzhou, which is close to Xunyang, Tao Yuanming's hometown. He visited Tao Yuanming's former residence and wrote the poem "Visiting Tao Gong's Former Residence". In the poem, "Dust and dirt don't pollute jade, and Feng Ling doesn't peck at fishy smell" is first used to praise Tao Yuanming's noble personality, and finally he wrote:

Chaisang ancient village, chestnut old mountains and rivers.

No chrysanthemums under the hedge, no smoke in the idle city.

Although the descendants are unknown, the clan has not moved.

Every time Tao surnamed, my heart still stays.

Bai Juyi is in the body of sixteen little Tao Qian. It says:

Sir, I've been gone for a long time, and I have a legacy of paper and ink.

Advise me to drink one cup after another, and there is nothing to say.

I come from the boss and admire him very much.

Others can't reach it, and the effect is drunk.

Ancient literati in China shared the common character of drinking, which was inseparable from the influence of Tao Yuanming. Bai Juyi's poem makes it very clear: "If you don't achieve anything else, you will get drunk."

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature was further consolidated and confirmed. Ouyang Xiu praised Qu Ci and said, "Jin has no articles, but Tao Yuanming has Qu Ci. Ouyang Xiu also said, "I love Tao Yuanming, wine and leisure. "Wang Anshi in the Northern Song Dynasty once said that Tao Yuanming's poem" Building a house is human, but there are no chariots and horses. Asking yourself what you can do is far from self-biased. " "There is no such sentence since the poet. However, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he tended to be outside the group, and his ci was brilliant. Between Jin and Song Dynasties, it was gone forever. "

Su Dongpo said in "A Book with Su Zhe" that "I am not very good with poets, but there are not many good and profound poems, but their poems are qualitative and realistic, only comparable to Cao, Liu, Bao, Xie, Li and Du". It is unfair for Su Dongpo to put Tao poetry above Li Bai and Du Fu. However, he summed up the artistic style of Tao poetry with the words "substantial, rich and practical", which is still very accurate. Su Dongpo regarded Tao Yuanming as a mentor and friend all his life. He not only loves his poems, but also admires him as a person. In his later years, he said in the book with Su Zhe: "I am deeply ashamed of my profound knowledge and want to take the evening festival as a warning."

Because Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Su Dongpo occupied the supreme position in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty, their admiration for Tao Yuanming undoubtedly played a vital role in further determining his position in the history of China literature.

Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, took Tao Yuanming as his confidant in the depression of serving the country with no door and hard ambition. The word "Shui Long Yin" says: "You have to believe that this Weng is not dead, and now he is angry." There are 626 words left by Xin Qiji, of which 60 are recited, mentioned, quoted by Wen Taotao explicitly and implicitly, and almost one word in every 10 is related to Tao Yuanming. Xin Qiji said in Nian Nu Jiao: "You must believe in picking chrysanthemums, and you will be happy for thousands of years. Only Tao Pengze." Gave Tao Yuanming the highest evaluation ever.

Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and even modern times all followed the lofty evaluation of Tao Yuanming in Song Dynasty.

Tao Yuanming's immortal poems and great personality have influenced the thoughts and creations of several generations of literati such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Dongpo and Xin Qiji. He made inestimable contributions to the development and prosperity of China literature.

Tao Yuanming's poems focus on expressing emotions and aspirations. His language, seemingly simple, is actually wonderful. In plain and mellow poems, there are warm feelings and a strong flavor of life. Tao Yuanming's Five Poems of Returning to the Garden is a masterpiece or the best in pastoral poetry. Among them, "Less Five Suitable Custom Rhyme" was compiled into the Chinese textbook for middle school students. The lyricism of poetry is refreshing; The scenery of the poem is an eye-opener. Unforgettable after reading it. Whenever you read it, it is a wonderful enjoyment.

Less than five appropriate rhymes, sex autumn mountain.

I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.

Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.

Land reclamation in the south and return to the countryside.

The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.

Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.

A warm and distant village, the smog in the Yi market.

Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.

There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.

Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.

The great Tao Yuanming, whose poems will shine with the sun and the moon, will illuminate the development path of China literature.

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