Composition of historical figures 1
He is a treacherous white-faced villain on the stage of Peking Opera. He defeated Yuan Shao800,000 troops with100,000 soldiers in the battle of Guandu. He led 700,000 amphibious troops to defeat Sun Liu50,000 armored soldiers in Battle of Red Cliffs. He and his son founded the Jian 'an style of writing that has been circulated for thousands of years. He is Cao Cao and my favorite historical figure. Looking through various documents, the evaluation of Cao Cao is also mixed. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he was portrayed as a cruel rebel and thief. To him in the reflection? A minister capable of ruling the world, a traitor in troubled times? The evaluation is still relatively objective. However, looking at the masterpieces of ancient and modern Three Kingdoms, there are always many people criticizing Cao Cao.
In fact, Cao Cao himself is really a brilliant politician with a broad outline. In literary works, including some plays, there are many impersonal and unfair comments on Cao Cao. In my opinion, most of these comments are one-sided, and some are even taken out of context and irresponsible for history. History needs us to evaluate from an objective perspective, and we cannot evaluate history and historical figures with colored glasses.
1800 years later, recalling the legendary life of Cao Cao, what should we use? Gone with the times? To describe this outstanding person.
Cao Cao stood out from the Yellow Scarf Army Uprising at the end of Han Dynasty and was named as one of the eight handsome men in Xiyuan. Conquer the traitor Dong Zhuo with the princes of the world. After Dong Zhuo's death, he developed independently and became a military leader. After years of fighting, he finally established his own base area. In 208, Cao Cao became the prime minister of the imperial court, and began his political career of manipulating the Han Dynasty and controlling the world. Since then, he has experienced a complete victory in the battle of Guandu and a fiasco in Battle of Red Cliffs, Huarong Road. It can be described as a ups and downs of military life. Cao Cao himself killed the only Hua Tuo who could save himself in 220, and died in Luoyang at the age of 66. In fact, Cao Cao is also an open-minded poet. He and his sons, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, founded Jian 'an style of writing, and his "Watching the Sea" and "Travel Notes in Haoli" have been circulated for thousands of years.
I don't know how to evaluate Cao Cao, because I can't describe this complex and extraordinary figure in a few simple and ordinary words. Perhaps it is appropriate to use the word tragic to describe Cao Cao's life. History once played a cruel joke on him. After the death of Cao Cao in 220, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, but he was sickly and died soon after he ascended the throne. After his death, his son Cao Rui succeeded to the throne, but his fate was almost the same as his father's. The most dramatic is Cao Rui's son Cao Fang, who was controlled by Sima family after he ascended the throne, just like Cao Cao in the Han Dynasty turned to Xian Di, but the characters changed! If Cao Cao had a spirit in heaven, how would he feel when he saw that Cao Wei he created was in power by a traitor? Maybe he will be relieved, because it was from this step that he strengthened his strength and succeeded.
To evaluate Cao Cao, we can't ignore his contribution to the historical process of China. Chibi was defeated and occupied the north. For a long time, he has vigorously developed production and made great efforts to govern. At that time, the north of China was developed. At the same time, it also laid the foundation for the unification of China's territory in the future.
What I want to say is that when evaluating a historical figure, you can't just distinguish between good and bad. I don't deny that Cao Cao committed some crimes, but we should see his character and thoughts. No matter what his purpose is, he is committed to unifying the world, letting the people live a stable life and ending the troubled times since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. This deserves our admiration.
Putting down the pen, facing the setting sun outside the window, an old man with a long beard and a purple robe seemed to float from the horizon and recite loudly? Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?
Composition of historical figures II
My favorite historical figure is Wu Zetian.
Wu Zetian is a name with historical charm. She is the second daughter of the founding hero of the Tang Dynasty, the concubine of Li Shimin in the Tang Dynasty, and the queen of Li Zhi in Tang Gaozong. She assisted Emperor Gaozong in handling military affairs. After managing state affairs for 30 years, she ascended the throne and claimed to be the emperor of the Holy Spirit. She abolished Tang and changed her name to Zhou, becoming the only queen in the history of China. She has been in power for nearly half a century, from her participation in the political affairs, claiming to be the emperor, to her terminal illness and moving to Yang Palace. Zhenguan rule? , next? Kaiyuan Shi Sheng? , historical achievements, Zhao Zhao in the world. As Soong Ching Ling sincerely commented on her: Who is Wu Zetian? Outstanding female politician in feudal times? .
Wu Zetian, formerly known as Wu Zhao, was renamed Wu Zhao after she proclaimed herself emperor. (? Huh? (zh？ O) This word is especially appreciated by Wu Zetian. Bring it here as your own name. No one is allowed to use it. Look from the glyph,? Huh? It symbolizes the sun and the moon in the sky, symbolizing the momentum of the queen's rule. ? Huh? What is it when the words are opened? Kong Ming? . Or? Kong Ming? It is quite a bit of a Buddhist Zen machine, which is very suitable for Wu Zetian's mind on Buddhism. )
Wu Zetian, born in the early Tang Dynasty, was a wealthy official family. Her prominent power and luxurious life nourished her infinite desire for power. However, the gentry's family style prevailed in the early Tang Dynasty, and she was born in cloth and humble origins, which made her despised by the secular and unwilling to bury her. This special situation and experience strongly stimulated Wu Zetian when she was young, and cultivated her desire to pursue and seize the highest power arrogantly, to achieve obedience, and to ruthlessly retaliate against all unscrupulous means.
Then Tian was smart, quick-witted, expressive and courageous from an early age. Deeply impressed by her talent, her father taught her to read and write to familiarize her with the world. Shi Zi, when he was thirteen or fourteen years old, was well-read and learned by heart. He also laid a certain foundation in poetry and lyrics, and he was good at calligraphy and outstanding in words.
In the 11th year of Zhenguan (637), Zetian, aged 14, was elected to the palace and was sealed. Talent? . After he entered the palace, he was outstanding in ability, considerate and charming in appearance, which was quite favored by Emperor Taizong, so he was given the title? Mei Niang? . After a long time, Emperor Taizong found that the snow was good and he understood etiquette, so he took her out of the toilet and transferred her to the imperial study to wait on Mo Wen. This change made Wu Zetian come into contact with the royal official documents, learned about some court events, read many books and regulations that are difficult to see at ordinary times, broadened her horizons, and made her more and more familiar with officialdom politics and politics.
In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), Emperor Taizong died, and Tian and all his concubines were sent to Chang 'an Ganye Temple to have a haircut for Ni. Li, the ninth son of Emperor Taizong, was very interested in her after she acceded to the throne, so he often traveled to and from Ganye Temple. After two or three years, he was recalled to Zetian's official position and was promoted to? Zhao Yi? .
In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), Wu Zetian, who was deeply loved by Gaozong, was a shoo-in in the battle for the Inner Palace, urging Gaozong to establish himself as his successor. However, in feudal society, the abolition of the queen is a national event and must be agreed by etiquette. When he explained to Zhu Suiliang, Mowgli and other senior officials his plan to abolish the Queen and establish a queen, he was immediately strongly opposed.
They think that Wu comes from a humble background and it is not appropriate to be the last one. However, Emperor Gaozong's idea was also supported by Wu Zetian's accomplice Xu and some important North Korean officials such as Li Yifu and Xu Shi. With their help, an imperial decree was finally promulgated in October of this year, abolishing the king and queen, and officially canonizing the Emperor of Heaven as the queen. Since then, the power of the royal imperial palace has all fallen into the hands of Wu Shi.
So the queen was witty and clever the day after she ascended the throne? General literature and history, multiple tactics? Advantages, get considerable play and development, so that the emperor dotes on her, don't treat her with special respect. She also took advantage of the queen's position and the emperor's love for herself to actively participate in state affairs. How can you decide what to do when the time is right? . During the five years from the sixth year of Yonghui (655) to the fourth year of Xianqing (659), she managed to destroy her political opponents, demoted her minister and shot Zhu Suiliang, which made her die of depression. Sun Chang Wuji was forced to hang himself under the door of Zhongshu; The elimination of Zhu Suiliang and Yuan Zhen's supporters consolidated and expanded her influence and power, and removed the obstacles on her way to participate in politics.
In the fifth year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (66O), Emperor Li Zhi was dazzled by the phoenix, so he wrote a letter to Wuhou and entrusted him as an administrative assistant. From then on, people began to take power by participating in politics. Life and death are decided by the mouth, and the son of heaven just gives up? Although people are behind the scenes, they remotely control the real power of the court. Later, Emperor Gaozong regretted it and tried to regain power, and secretly ordered Shangguan Yi, assistant minister of Zhongshu, to depose the queen. I don't know if it's confidential. Trying to vent is unsuccessful? , Wu terminating, first, Shangguan Yi will be put to death. The emperor's move fell short, which made the marquis of Wu more alert.
Because Wu Hou handles government affairs in an orderly way, unlike Gao Zongjiu, he is very obedient to ministers. Although Emperor Gaozong hated her arbitrariness, many state affairs had to rely on her. In this way, Wuhou gradually moved from behind the scenes to the front desk, and unexpectedly came to the Purple Temple with the emperor to be worshipped by ministers. In the first year of Shangyuan (674), Emperor Gaozong was the queen, and everyone in the world called it? Your voice? . Since then, Emperor Gaozong has existed in name only, and the authority of the Tang Dynasty is in the hands of Wuhou.
From the first year of Shangyuan (674), when was it? Tianhou? Zun began to be in power. In the first year of God-given (690) 16, Wu Wei made a lot of long-term preparations and took a variety of powerful and effective measures. First of all, when he inherited the throne, Emperor Gaozong wanted Zen to take the place of his eldest son, Li Hong. However, Wu Hou didn't care about his mother and son, poisoned Li Hong and made his second son, Li Xian, a prince. Li Xian was appointed Prime Minister by Emperor Gaozong, and he was very good at handling government affairs. The marquis of Wu abolished Li Xian as Shu Ren and made his third son, Li Xian, a prince. Hongdao Tiannian (683), Emperor Gaozong died, Emperor Li Xian succeeded to the throne, and Wuhou acceded to the throne. A year later, he abolished Zhongzong, renamed Luling Wang, and made the fourth son Li Dan emperor, that is, Zong Rui. Li Xian and Li Dan are both impotent people, and they are also puppets on the throne of the emperor, subject to Wu Zetian everywhere.
Composition of historical figures 3
The civilization of Tang and Song Dynasties is the peak of China's 5,000-year history of civilization, during which talented people came forth in large numbers. The art of poetry is at its peak, and the four peaks are Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi and Xin Qiji. Of course, there are also literati poets such as Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Liu Yong, and they can't be described all the time. We laity compare four sons, enough to get a glimpse of the whole leopard. I am proud that, as fellow villagers of Li Bai and Su Shi, I can still see the scenery they sang and try to figure out their artistic conception.
I think it is convincing to say that China's traditional culture is half Confucian and half Taoist (of course, Buddhism will be added later, but its essence is close to Taoism). What literati dream of is both the human world and the idyllic fairyland. Actually, there are four people in Du Lisu's letter.
Of course, everyone's specific situation is different. Li Bai is an enthusiastic singer, who interprets the amazing imagination and intuition of art, and Du Fu is a depressed thinker. He cares about his family and the world, and is a typical traditional Confucian believer. Su Shi is a gifted scholar with both Confucianism and Taoism, and a master who is good at expressing his different ideas. Xin Qiji is a military commander who can sing and dance well, and his heroism and intelligence are admirable.
When I was young, I loved Li Bai's poems and songs the most, thinking it was magnificent that was difficult to walk. Ann can push her eyebrows and bend her waist, serving the dignitaries, and exudes the courage to sail smartly, which is my favorite. But as I get older, I always feel a little bit contradictory when I read a book. I think Li Bai is completely living in his own thoughts and is a thorough idealist. For society, there are not only rules of the game, but also hidden rules. Li Bai can say that even the rules of the game are not clear. Thought can be said to be an unreasonable big boy, with some Taoist and Buddhist temperament. Therefore, he was not accepted by the secular society and was down and out all his life. In fact, in the history of China, the prosperous Tang Dynasty was very enlightened, and a poet (or gifted scholar) had a high status. Li Bai's decline was caused by his character.
Slowly, I like Fu's poems very much. Depression is full of the beauty of mistakes. There are many sad people in the world, especially in troubled times. Better be a peaceful dog than a troubled person. Du Fu was born in an era of prosperity and decline, and social development paid a huge blood reward. He is a typical Confucian believer, full of passion and dreaming of saving the country and the people. A tragic poet? If the world is doomed to sink, let all the bitter water be injected into my heart? (North Island's answer) is the best annotation to Du Fu. Du Fu knows the rules of the game, but it can be said that he knows nothing about the hidden rules, or he is dismissive. Plus, he was born in troubled times, so his life is also down and out.
If I appreciate people's talents, I appreciate Su Shi the most among the four. Mr. Su Shi's home is only dozens of miles away from my hometown (formerly a city). Su Shi's piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, Buddhist meditation, current politics and even military affairs are pervasive, and Hangzhou, which is in charge of politics, can also be well governed. Walking on today's Su Causeway, there is nothing but feeling Dongpo's talent. If it is Du Li, I think it is difficult to be a local administrative official. Su Shi's poems, including thought-provoking Zen, the river of heroes' no return and graceful ten years of life and death, all reflect his comprehensiveness. Dongpo meat is also a good dish. Su Shi's tragedy also lies in his talent. He is too pursuing perfection and coordination.
Politically offended reformists and conservatives, suffered persecution from all sides and died in Hainan. If it is under the modern political system, I believe that Su Shi will live a good life and play a good role in his career. Unfortunately, he lives in a China society with hidden rules and coordinated interests.
To tell the truth, I don't particularly like Xin Qiji's words. It may be because many words use too many allusions and always feel unnatural. However, the ability to marry Mr. Xuan is amazing, and people have already admired it. If the future depends on faith, I think Jia Xuan is a person with strong faith. Castle peak can't cover up, after all, it flows east. Those who can achieve great things are tough. It's a pity that marrying Xuan doesn't even have a chance to become Yue Fei.
According to Hegel's understanding, art, religion and philosophy together constitute the highest stage of spiritual development. The difference between the three lies in the different ways and means of spiritual consciousness. What is philosophy? Pure thinking? , art is? Intuitive thinking? , religion is? Transcendental thinking? . Art is always a way to experience life intuitively, so it is still out of the way of life. Pure thinking and transcendental thinking are still different paths. On a different road, I still agree with Hegel's point of view, philosophical action? Pure thinking? Taller than the other two. This is also the reason why I think highly of Dongpo's and Du Like's Fu.
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