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From the social roots of social work, we can see that Protestant ethics with capitalist spirit, humanitarianism, a powerful ideological weapon forged by the bourgeoisie in the anti-feudal struggle, and the concept of social welfare universally pursued by human beings constitute the basis of the value system of western social work.
Protestantism ethics, which came into being in the16th century, has gradually become the value pursuit and personality characteristics of the middle class during the rising period of capitalism, forged by the western religious reform, edified by the French enlightenment thought in the18th century and baptized by the bourgeois revolution. The core doctrine of Protestant ethics is put forward against the Catholic doctrine full of hierarchy. Protestant ethics holds that believers are equal before God, and as long as they believe in God, everyone can be saved. Every believer can become a priest without the help of clergy; Every believer has the right and obligation to take care of each other in religious life and has the natural responsibility to spread the gospel. This dilutes or even cancels the difference between clergy and ordinary believers. In his book "Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism", Weber demonstrated that the emergence of modern capitalism is intrinsically related to Protestant ethics through rich empirical statistical data of Protestant religious behavior and economic behavior. He pointed out that under the deterrent of Calvinism fatalism, Protestants regard doing secular professional work as a "duty view" in which everything is to increase the glory of God. Driven by this concept of obligation, Christians are diligent in secular professional labor, put an end to pleasure or even abstinence, and work hard in economic activities, thus accumulating wealth and being in a favorable position in competition. This personality characteristic of middle-class capitalism. As a kind of social spiritual temperament handed down from generation to generation and widely popular in society, it is actually the "capitalist spirit". The emergence of modern capitalism is supported by the capitalist spirit in Protestant ethics and is the product of the long-term development of European rationalism. This thought not only laid the basic framework of Weber's religious sociology theory, but also became a main line to understand his whole social ideological system, laying an important foundation for the emergence of values of freedom, democracy, equality and autonomy.
Humanism is a trend of thought and theory about human nature, mission, status, value and personality development. Humanism, as a trend of thought and theory of the times, was gradually formed after15th century. Initially manifested in literature and art, it mainly refers to the Renaissance spirit, which requires that people's talents be fully developed by learning and carrying forward ancient Greek and Roman culture. This is a pursuit and ideal with profound connotation put forward by the emerging bourgeoisie. Later, it penetrated into other fields. Until the19th century, humanitarianism has been an important ideological weapon for the bourgeoisie to establish and consolidate the capitalist system. Humanism inherited and developed the essence of humanism in ancient Greece, broke through the shackles of God-centered thought under the rule of the medieval church, advocated that man was a part of nature and could dominate it, and believed that the pursuit of happiness was man's natural right and the driving force of social development. Humans can create freely, strive for individual liberation and establish a just social system, and mercilessly criticize the asceticism of feudal churches that regards sensuality and secular life as evil. In the rising period of capitalism, the historical contribution of humanitarianism lies in that it directly triggered the religious reform in16th century, shook the foundation of medieval feudal rule, laid the ideological foundation for the development of capitalism, carried forward the brilliance of scientific rationality, promoted the progress of science and society, and put forward the concepts of "man", "human rights", "humanity" and "humanity" in an abstract form. These are not only sharp weapons against feudal ethical culture, but also components of excellent human culture and necessary nutrients for human beings to further promote cultural development and ideological progress. The value concept of humanism, that is, people-centered or standard, is summarized into four parts by researchers: (1) Philosophical humanism, that is, people-oriented and not based on God or anything else. (2) Economic liberalism and humanitarianism are the ideological basis of free economic development. (3) Political democracy is the theoretical basis for the development of democratic politics. (4) Ethical humanism, which recognizes all inherent rights of human beings, including all rights in economy, politics and culture.
Social welfare is the purpose of the state and society to improve and perfect the social living standards of its members, especially the poor, and to improve their quality of life as much as possible. In a narrow sense, social welfare refers to the service measures provided to members of society when they are unable to work and have difficulties in life due to old age, illness, physical or psychological defects; Broadly speaking, it refers to various social service measures to improve and enhance the material life and spiritual life of all members of society. Social work generally understands social welfare in a narrow sense. The social welfare system is guided and decided by the concept of social welfare. The concept of welfare originated from religion and social reform movement is the soul of social work. /kloc-after the middle of the 0/8th century, the process of industrialization, urbanization and social division of labor in western countries has accelerated, which has brought increasingly serious social ills such as poverty, disability, unemployment and crime, and social contradictions such as labor conflicts have greatly intensified. Families, private charitable organizations and social groups are unable to solve the increasing social problems and welfare needs. Bourgeois and sociologists began to look for the causes and solutions of social ills. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, utopian socialism designed and personally practiced a series of social reform programs, trying to build an equal, happy and harmonious ideal society, and put forward the idea of reforming labor treatment, improving social welfare and eliminating poverty. Although social welfare work was influenced by liberalism in 18 and 19 centuries, it is believed that poverty is caused by personal incompetence and laziness, and individuals should be responsible. The state has no responsibility and obligation to help the poor, and private individuals can organize social relief and social welfare without state intervention. However, from the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, since the rise of charitable organizations and the establishment of good-neighborly organizations, social welfare has finally been incorporated into the national social system and social policy. And set up a modern concept of welfare; The state has the responsibility to get rid of employment competition by raising patients, the elderly, the disabled and children; Have the responsibility to ensure the lives of those who have the ability to survive; The state should guarantee the minimum living standard of citizens. Under the favorable impetus of the workers' movement, the state intervened in social welfare, and the government intervened in dealing with poverty, unemployment and diseases, providing basic economic security and social services with extensive social welfare planning and measures. In a sense, social work has been acting as an agent of social welfare system since its birth, and its value concept is of course based on social welfare concept. However, today's social work major has gone far beyond the role of social welfare system agents. It is responsible for providing services to individuals, families and groups, but it also takes into account the institutional structure for providing such services, that is, it also shoulders the task of "creating, maintaining and reforming the institutional environment for its operation". Therefore, the value of social work is richer than the value of social welfare system.