Yangliuqing New Year Pictures inherited the painting tradition of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and absorbed the woodcut prints, arts and crafts, stage and other forms of Ming Dynasty. The method of combining woodcut overprint and hand painting is adopted. When making, the lines of the picture are carved with woodcut first, then printed with ink, printed in monochrome for two or three times, and filled with colored pens. It not only has the flavor of prints and wood, but also has hand-painted colors and techniques. Therefore, folk art is full of charm and Chinese style. Yangliuqing New Year pictures have created a vivid, auspicious and touching style. In the history of China printmaking, Yangliuqing New Year Pictures and the famous Suzhou Taohuawu New Year Pictures in the south are called "Peach Blossoms in the South and Willow in the North".
Yangliuqing New Year pictures show people's beautiful feelings and wishes through various means such as implication and realism, especially the themes that directly reflect current events, customs and historical stories in various periods. For example, in the New Year picture "More than a Year", the doll on the picture is "a baby face, a Buddha's body and a martial arts fight", holding a carp and a lotus in hand, which means that life is rich and has become a classic in New Year pictures and is widely circulated. Yangliuqing New Year pictures are widely used, including historical stories, myths and legends, opera figures, secular customs, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc. , especially those closely related to people's lives and those news with the nature of current affairs. It has not only artistic appreciation value, but also historical research value. The fine tradition of combining realism and romanticism, represented by these excellent works, has formed the mainstream of Yangliuqing New Year pictures and has continued to develop to this day. The artistic characteristics of Yangliuqing New Year pictures are various, and so are the conditions for forming their artistic characteristics. Among them, the most obvious is production. The production procedures of Yangliuqing New Year pictures are roughly as follows: creating manuscripts, dividing editions, engraving, overprinting, painting and mounting. The previous process is basically the same as other woodblock New Year pictures. Are overprinted according to the drawings; However, the post-production of Yangliuqing New Year pictures has put a lot of effort into hand painting, skillfully combining the knife taste of printmaking with the style of painting, so that the two arts complement each other. Moreover, due to the different expression techniques of painting artists, the same blank (ink line or semi-finished products without painting treatment) of Yangliuqing New Year pictures is the same. It can be divided into "precision work" with detailed description and "rough work" with bold style. Different artistic styles, each with its own artistic value.
Once upon a time, Tianjin people believed in many gods, such as God of Wealth, Kitchen God, Bodhisattva and Jade Emperor. However, because Tianjin is located at the seaside, people emphasize navigation technology and pray for the blessing of the gods, so the most famous and respected folk is the "Tianhou Niangniang"-Mazu in the south. At the same time, Tianjin is also a shipping hub, with many foreign businessmen and frequent shipping activities. Therefore, the incense of the "Tianhou Palace" is also very strong, and there are also many sacrificial flowers. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi visited Tianjin, inspected the Tianhou Palace and enjoyed the performance of the flower show very much. The emperor gave a flag at the flower show, and since then, the folk flower show in Tianhou Palace has become an "imperial party". French drums, lions, China banners, flower drums and other performances go through the streets, with the sound of gongs and drums and cheers coming and going. According to "Tianjin Imperial Examination Record", "stay up all night until midnight. When the candle went out and the fragrance disappeared, I realized that the East was white. " Later, besides the birthday of the 23rd anniversary of March, a grand temple fair was held from the 15th of the twelfth lunar month to the first day of the first month. Slowly, the temple fair in Tianhou Temple became the most important festival program in the Spring Festival.
Shang Jie, deputy director of the Tianjin Folk Museum, said: "Why is a large-scale mother temple fair held in the cold1February?" It has a lot to do with the traditional customs of Tianjin people. Tianjin people attach great importance to the Chinese New Year holiday, which is famous in big cities all over the country and even in the world. This is related to the historical geographical environment of Tianjin, the population structure of the five places and the fact that most people have been engaged in maritime and water transportation for a long time. Every New Year's Day, people are looking forward to peaceful reunion with their families, * * * enjoying family happiness, and * * * wishing good luck in the coming year. This kind of purchase price and psychological intensity are unmatched by ordinary people in other cities. It is in such a lively atmosphere that the twelfth lunar month temple fair in Tianhou Palace came into being. From the 15th day of the twelfth lunar month, various vendors of new year's goods gathered in Tianhou Palace, forming a huge new year's goods trading market. Grocery and children's toys in the front yard of the northern temple of Gongnangong attracted a large number of tourists, and this situation has not changed so far. "
She also told reporters that in the early years, there were many commercial shops converted from halls in Tianhou Palace, selling paper-cut window grilles, hanging money, gold goods, flowers, birds, fish and insects. , are very famous. When people go to buy new year's goods, they look at a dazzling array of new year's goods. "Shopping is also a pleasure!"
Enjoy drums and juggling, suitable for all ages.
In old Tianjin, businessmen who sang drums were called "Jianghu people". According to legend, the origin of this singing method has at least several thousand years of history, and there was an exhortation drum in the court of Yao and Shun times. Although it is the following exhortation, it also has an educational significance. In order to "correct the customs", the ancient King Zhouzhuang once "drummed to educate the people", so the descendants who sang drums respected King Zhouzhuang as their father. Drummers don't set up tents near the Chinese New Year market during the Spring Festival. They will put long benches on three sides and set up tables and drums on the flat side as the stage for actors to sing. This is the so-called "pull-out drama". The so-called drum songs are all expensive books, such as Hu Yanqing's beating people, The Seven Kingdoms Surrounding, Yang Jiajiang, Crossing the Sea to the East, Xue Gang's anti-Tang Dynasty and so on.
This year, several big drums are singing different songs, and people can feast their eyes on them at the same time. Because whenever drums are sung in the New Year, there is bound to be "juggling", which is more colorful in form and content to attract audiences with different hobbies. Crosstalk, double reed, magic (magic) and acrobatics (such as shaking diabolo, playing jar, kicking felt, etc. ) performing together is called "ten kinds of juggling", that is, blowing, beating, pulling and beating.
The buzzing patterns of diabolo shake out the flavor of New Year.
Every child, even adults, will be in high spirits when it comes to diabolo, because diabolo uses cotton thread and two thin sticks to make a "buzzing" sound, which is accompanied by swaying from side to side and ups and downs, from simple vocalization to complex and beautiful tricks, and there are quite a few skills to shake diabolo. Because the two ends are big and the middle is thin, Tianjin people call it "wind gourd"
There will be a performance at the temple fair in old Tianjin for the Spring Festival. The performer tied a white thread with two short bamboo poles and wound it on a round shaft in the middle of diabolo. When two bamboo poles shake, the disc on the shaft head rotates, and there are small holes separated by bamboo pieces on the disc. When rotating, the wind enters the hole, thus making a "buzzing" sound. The faster you shake it, the faster the disc rotates and the louder it sounds. When shaking diabolo, it is often that several people get together to shake it, and who shakes diabolo loudly and has more tricks. The simplest mode is "holding high", that is, shaking diabolo loudly, throwing it into the air, then catching it with a bamboo pole and continuing to shake it. The mode of shaking diabolo is "monkey climbing pole", that is, let diabolo rotate upward along the bamboo pole in his hand. Complex tricks include "crossing the cross" and "Zhang Fei cheating the horse". During the Spring Festival, you can almost hear the sound of "buzzing" in temple fairs and new year's goods markets. Children nowadays have probably never seen such a simple toy. On a small rope tied with two sticks, a gadget made of bamboo danced up and down with the shaking of the rope, making a "buzzing" sound. Nowadays, people over 60 can still clearly remember that several buzzing diabolos flew into the sky from the crowd, then fell rapidly, and then were firmly grasped by the rope and shook again. Small diabolo, like a meteor, constantly passes through people's eyes, dazzling. One minute they fly from behind, the other they crawl under their legs, and the other they jump back and forth between their fingers. Their dances such as Meteor Chasing the Moon, Monkey Climbing the Pole and Ant Climbing the Tree are amazing.