Shenzhen is the first special economic zone in China initiated by Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening up. Over the past 28 years, from a small town in Nanhai, China, to a modern city cooperating with Hongkong to build a world-class metropolis, Shenzhen is a wonderful epitome of China's reform, opening up and modernization. Location: Shenzhen is a coastal city in the south of China, adjacent to Hongkong. Located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, east longitude 1 13 46' to1/4 37', north latitude 22 27' to 22 52'. Located in the south of Guangdong Province, on the east bank of the Pearl River Estuary, bordering Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay in the east; West of the Pearl River Estuary and Lingdingyang; The Shenzhen River in the south is connected with Hong Kong; It borders Dongguan and Huizhou in the north. The vast sea area connects the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. ■ A Brief History of the City The place name "Shenzhen" first appeared in the historical records in 14 10 (the eighth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), which was built in the early years of Qing Dynasty. The local dialect usually calls the ridge ditch "town" or "surge". Shenzhen is named for its dense Shui Ze and deep ditch beside the village. Shenzhen is also called Pengcheng. The history of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is less than 30 years, but it has a history of human activities of more than 6,700 years (there were aborigines living in Shenzhen in the middle of Neolithic Age), a history of counties of 1700 years, a history of Nantou City and Dapeng City of more than 600 years, and a history of Hakka immigration of more than 300 years. 1979 The Central Committee and Guangdong Province decided to set up Shenzhen. 1In August, 980, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) approved the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. This city, which has profound cultural heritage and is full of innovation and fashion, is undergoing tremendous changes. ■ Natural Resources The total land area of Shenzhen is 1, 952.84 square kilometers, including 395,438+0 square kilometers in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. There are more than 0/60 rivers in the city, belonging to Dongjiang River, Bay and Pearl River Estuary. There are 24 reservoirs with a total storage capacity of 525 million cubic meters. Shenzhen Reservoir is located in the east of the city, with a total storage capacity of more than 40 million cubic meters, which is the main source of domestic water for Shenzhen and Hong Kong residents. With a coastline of 230 kilometers, Shenzhen is rich in marine resources, with excellent bay ports and excellent sea conditions. The territory of mountains, beautiful scenery, the highest peak of 943.7 meters. In the east, there are great and small Meisha, Dapeng Peninsula country forest and other golden coastline scenery, while in the west, there are abundant natural tourism resources such as mangroves, Neilingding Island Nature Reserve and maritime pastoral scenery. ■ Administrative Division Shenzhen is a city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province, China, and a sub-provincial city with separate plans. Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is within its jurisdiction. Shenzhen has six administrative districts and Guangming New District. Luohu District, Futian District, Nanshan District and Yantian District are located in the special economic zones, while Baoan District, Longgang District and Guangming New District are located outside the special economic zones. There are 55 sub-district offices in the city. ■ Population Composition Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, immigrants have settled in Shenzhen, and the population has grown rapidly since the city was built. At the end of 2007, the resident population was 86 1.55 million, of which the registered population was 2 1.238 million, accounting for 24.7% of the resident population. The non-registered population is 649 1.7 million, accounting for 75.3%. There are more than 360,000 ethnic minorities in Shenzhen, which is the second largest city with 56 ethnic groups in China after Beijing. As a window of reform and opening up and a new immigrant city, the combination of immigrant culture and unique geographical and humanistic environment has made Shenzhen culture open, inclusive and innovative, and it is the most dynamic capital suitable for talents at home and abroad to start businesses. In recent years, Shenzhen has been selected by relevant institutions as "the most economically dynamic city" and "the most popular city for migrant workers" in China. ■ Language In Shenzhen, Mandarin is the local mainstream language. Many public service organizations, professionals and enterprises can provide services in English, and most teenagers can speak English. The city is carrying out various forms of foreign language learning activities such as "millions of citizens speak foreign languages" to improve the foreign language popularization rate of public services and improve the citizens' foreign language application ability. ■ Climate Shenzhen has a subtropical maritime climate, which is warm and pleasant with abundant precipitation. The annual average temperature is 22.4℃, the frost-free period is 355 days, the annual average rainfall is 1933.3 mm, and the sunshine is 2 120.5 hours, which is suitable for tourism all year round. ■ City Trees and City Flowers The city trees in Shenzhen are litchi and mangroves. The city flower of Shenzhen is azalea. ■ Urban Construction After 28 years of construction and development, the construction of municipal infrastructure such as roads, lighting, sanitation, greening, drainage and transportation in Shenzhen has begun to take shape, and the urban functions tend to be perfect. The urban built-up area is 7 19.88 square kilometers. In 2007, the investment in urban infrastructure was 43.94 billion yuan, an increase of 65.438+09.8% over the previous year. The city's tap water penetration rate reached 100%. ■ The city with the highest comprehensive index of urban quality of life in China In 2005, the Beijing Institute of International Urban Development published the Report on Urban Quality of Life in China, and evaluated the quality of life indexes of 100 key cities in China. The city with the highest quality of life is Shenzhen. ■ Shenzhen, an Asia-Pacific regional international city adjacent to Hong Kong, is only 45 minutes' drive from Hong Kong Island. Shenzhen is developing into an important regional international city. At present, the permanent population of Shenzhen is 18380, and the temporary population is 4 14026, from 133 countries. In 2007, more than 4 million foreigners entered through Shenzhen Port. About 10% of the housing area in Shenzhen is owned by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents and foreigners. As one of the "Top Ten Civilized Cities in China", Shenzhen, a respected civilized city, always takes safeguarding people's interests as the first pursuit, arouses people's creativity to the maximum, respects people's rights to the maximum and realizes people's interests to the maximum. Shenzhen holds a "caring action" every year to mobilize the whole society to help the weak and needy. Shenzhen's per capita book purchase ranks first among large and medium-sized cities in China, and it is a respected city for reading. Shenzhen's urban civilization index and citizen care index have increased year by year. Shenzhen has also been rated as "National Double Support Model City" for four consecutive times. ■ Volunteers "have difficulty in finding volunteers and have time to volunteer". Founded in 1990, Shenzhen Volunteer Union is the earliest organized volunteer team in China. There are about 200 charitable organizations including volunteer organizations in Shenzhen, with about 530,000 volunteers in various forms. The youngest is only 14 years old and the oldest is 78 years old. On average, he is engaged in more than 30 service projects in 16 category every day.