Weizhou Island was still the state capital in the early Ming Dynasty. In the seventh year of Hongwu (AD 1374), the inspection department moved to Silkworm Village in Suixi, Leizhou, taking charge of coastal defense and guarding the pearl pond.
In the sixth year of Wanli (AD 1578), he immigrated from Leizhou to the island for farming. Twenty-eight years (AD 1600), the guerrilla department moved to Yongan station in Hepu County, Lianzhou. Since then, Weizhou has been under the dual jurisdiction of Lei and Lian.
From the first year of Kangxi to the eleventh year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1692- 1806), Weizhou residents were forced to move inward three times, and the administrative agencies stationed on the island were cancelled, but there were still a few "squatters" living here. Military management is under the responsibility of xuwen county Haianying Guerrilla, Leizhou and Longmen Association of Hepu County in Lianzhou, and patrols twice a year.
In the last years of Xianfeng (A.D. 1860), 400 mainlanders came to settle on the island in order to escape the war, regardless of hardships and the government's ban.
In the sixth year of Tongzhi (AD 1867), in view of the fact that the local houses on the island had become a reality, the government reopened the island ban and moved the boatmen and tourists of Leilian to the island. At this point, the island, which had been abandoned for hundreds of years, was revived. At that time, the French Catholic forces took the opportunity to build a church in Tangsheng Village, and then one in Chengzai and one in Xieyang Island, which was the earliest Catholic base in the pre-Qin area.
More than 20 years after Guangxu, yu zhou was officially placed under the jurisdiction of Hepu County from Leizhou, and was placed under the inspection department of yu zhou. Military institutions are affiliated to Yong 'an Camp of Longmen Association.
Xuantong was originally a member of Jinghai Group in Hepu County, and set up a "public bureau" civil affairs agency on the island.
From the beginning of the Republic of China to 193 1, it belonged to Hepu Jinghai Group and Hepu Second Autonomous Region.
From 1936 to 1949, it successively belongs to the towns under the jurisdiction of the second administrative region, the fifth administrative region and the third administrative region of Hepu County.
From1September 1938 13, Weizhou Island fell under the brutal rule of the Japanese invaders for seven years. During this period, the island became a naval and air base where Japanese invaders threatened to invade the rear area of South China.
1945, 18 In June, the people of Weizhou Island rose up and annihilated the bandits. Weizhou Island was recovered and returned to the township system led by the county.
1on March 6, 950, the People's Liberation Army crossed the sea to liberate Weizhou, and initially established villagers and Zhili in Hepu County. Since August of the same year, it has been under the jurisdiction of the people of Beihai Town.
1953 The third district was established, which was divided into four towns: Huidong, Weixi, Weibei and Nanwan.
1959 changed to Weizhou commune.
Location Weizhou Island is located in the middle of Beibu Gulf, bordering Beihai City in Guangxi in the north, Leizhou Peninsula in the east, Xieyang Island in the southeast, Hainan Island across the sea in the south and Vietnam in the west. The latitude and longitude range is 20 54'-210' north latitude and 0/0' east longitude, with a total area of 24.74 square kilometers.
Geological landforms Weizhou Island is located on the coastal continental shelf of Guangxi. This used to be the sea of Wang Yang 300 million years ago, and there was land 285 million years ago. Until the Early Tertiary 50 million years ago, it was still in a dry and hot continental climate. It was not until 25 million years that the Beibu Gulf area began to sink on a large scale, forming a shallow continental shelf. By 3 million years, the seawater in the northern part of Beibu Gulf gradually receded. Until 900,000 years ago, Weizhou Island became land again, showing a state of weathering and erosion. The climate is still warm and humid, with occasional droughts. In the early Middle Pleistocene, 900,000 years later, Weizhou Island was below sea level again, and it was not until the late Late Pleistocene, 230,000 years later, that Weizhou Island completely surfaced and appeared. Between 2.5 million and 7,000 years, there were at least four basic volcanic eruptions in Weizhou Island, forming the main strata on the island now. During this period, Weizhou Island experienced many marine storms, earthquakes and tsunamis. The interaction between seawater and coast at ordinary times resulted in the colorful marine erosion, marine accumulation and beach landforms in Weizhou Island today.
Weizhou Island is roughly circular, about 6 kilometers wide from east to west and 6.5 kilometers long from north to south. Judging from the geological conditions, Weizhou Island is a basalt platform with a slightly undulating surface and a thick layer of purple basalt weathering. The topography of the island is high in the south and low in the north, with the highest elevation in the east and west of the island, both about 75 meters above sea level, and gradually inclines to the north until the elevation of Beigang Village in the north drops to about 20 meters, and then gradually transforms into a flat and wide beach, with simple landform types.
The southern half of Weizhou Island is dominated by marine erosion landforms, and marine cliffs, caves, platforms and columns are well developed. The northern half is dominated by marine landforms, including sand dikes, Hu Xuan, beaches and reefs. In the marine erosion landform, the South Bay coast is typical. Nanwan was originally a volcanic depression, and there was a fault in the south, which was submerged by seawater to form a bay surrounded by volcanic sedimentary rocks. Under the mutual erosion of waves and tides, the rocks near the intertidal zone are first destroyed, and then a layered sea cave is formed, while the rocks above the cave break or collapse along vertical joints after losing support, thus forming a steep sea cliff. The nearly 5-kilometer-long bay between the east and the west is covered with such a cliff, with a height of 30-50 meters and a slope greater than 75.
The marine erosion platform, the youngest volcano in China, has complete magma bubbles. Due to the continuous retreat of the cliff, a natural platform remains at the foot of the cliff. The sea erosion platform at the foot of Zhuzailing on the east side of Nanwan is not only flat, but also many volcanic bombs and craters formed by * * * can often be found on its mesa. Whenever the volcanic bombs on the table are washed away, the waves will carry debris and continue to abrade those potholes, making them form large and small barrel-shaped pits. Some hard rock pillars sometimes remain on the platform of marine erosion, which is called marine erosion pillar. Zhuziling is a huge sea pillar, 35 meters high and less than 30 meters wide, but about 100 meters long.
Weizhou Island Beach is mainly a wide and flat beach, with a width of 150 ~ 300m and a gravel layer thickness of 4 ~ 8m, which is paved on the basalt shore or exposed. The intertidal zone is generally wide, and the widest can reach150m. The width of the subtidal zone is about 60 meters, and corals are distributed. Below the coral is a reef flat. Coral residues broken by sea waves can easily form beach rocks with accumulated glue such as shells and gravel. The beach rocks in Beigang area of Weizhou Island extend from Guqu Lake to the upper part of the subtidal zone and are covered with basalt.
The original crater has become a deep-water harbor in the South Bay, and the shape of the volcano is very obvious. The crater is an arc-shaped steep wall with a height of 50~80 meters.
There are two old and new sand dikes on the tide in the northern part of Weizhou Island, three layers of sea caves on the southern cliff and a bipolar platform at the foot of the cliff, which reflects the intermittent rise of Weizhou Island since Quaternary, and the amplitude can exceed 20 meters.
Climate Weizhou Island's annual average temperature is 23℃, and there is no frost all year round. The annual average precipitation is 65,438+297 mm, and the wet and dry seasons are obvious, with the rainy season from June to September.
Up to 20 12, there are 186 species of birds in Weizhou Island Bird Nature Reserve, belonging to 52 families of 16 orders, accounting for 34. 125% of 543 species of birds in Guangxi. There are 13 species of threatENed birds listed by IUCNX, including 3 endangered (en) species, 6 VUlnerable (vu) species and 4 endangered (NT) species. There are 29 species of national key protected birds, including 2 species under first-class protection and 27 species under second-class protection. Migratory birds (including winter migratory birds, summer migratory birds and travelers) account for a large proportion. Among 186 species of birds, there are 172 species of migratory birds. There are only 14 species of resident birds. Among migratory birds, 1 17 species, 48 species in winter and 7 species in summer.
Plant resources Weizhou Island's tree species mainly include Melia azedarach, Mulberry, Pueraria lobata and Cinnamomum camphora. The newly introduced tree species mainly include Casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia formosana, Leucaena leucocephala and Eucalyptus. , mainly composed of Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia formosana.
Crocodile Mountain Crocodile Mountain Scenic Area is located in Crocodile Ridge on the west side of South Bay. June 5, 2009+February 38, 2009 was approved as a national 4A-level tourist area. Crocodile Mountain Scenic Area includes Crocodile Mountain Lighthouse, Tang Wengtai, Crater Site, Dragon Palace Wonders, Tibetan Turtle Cave, Thief Cave, Wild Animals Roaring the Sea, Eclipse Arch Bridge, Moon Bay, Coral Sedimentary Rock Scenery, Sea Drink, Moon Square and other scenic spots, as well as geological wonders such as volcanic crater, ancient tree fossils, water curtain cave, sea pillars and sea piers.
Tang Sheng Catholic Church in Crocodile Mountain Scenic Area of Weizhou Island is located in Tangsheng Village of Weizhou Island. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit and one of the "Four Catholic Churches in the Late Qing Dynasty". The church was built by foreign missionaries in Paris, France in 1853. It took 10 years to complete, and the main building is well preserved. The whole building is mainly composed of coral sedimentary rocks on the seabed, and it is built by careful mechanical design. It is a typical Gothic church in the French Renaissance. The towering spire of Rome has the momentum of "hitting the sky directly", causing an illusion of "the mystery of the sky". The church is13.5m high, 56m long and17m wide. Made of rocks, coral particles and bamboo tiles, the building area is 1500m2, and the church can accommodate1500 people.
Museums The museum has a building area of 65,438+0,500 square meters, and has a collection of various specimens of volcanic rocks, corals and marine life. All specimens have detailed descriptions and annotations, and are accompanied by corresponding pictures of geological park scenic spots. The image museum has a promotional film of Weizhou Island, and the dynamic museum has a 4D popular science film to show Weizhou Island's marine and geological knowledge.
Rainbow Beach Rainbow Beach Scenic Area is located on the east coast of Weizhou Island. In the scenic area 1.5km long coast, almost all of them have sea cliffs with a height of 20-50m, and the cliffs stand tall. The sea erosion platform is scattered in front of the sea erosion cliff, flat and wide. At low tide, you can see a sea erosion platform with a width of tens to hundreds of meters. At the junction of sea cliffs and sea platforms, sea caves with different shapes can be seen everywhere.
Shiluokou Shiluokou is located in the west of Weizhou Island, and the nearby village looks like a stone snail and belongs to the coastal landform. Storms and geological events are extremely rich in sediments. The volcanic rocks and marine erosion rocks along the coast are rich and grotesque. A piece of "Wang Mi Stone" in the northwest of the beach looks like a beautiful baby standing on the coast waiting for her husband to come back.
Dishui Danping Weizhou Island "Dishui Danping" is located in Dishui Village in the west of Weizhou Island. The formation of Di Shui Dan Ping is a miracle of China volcano landscape. Cliffs formed by rocks are marine erosion landforms. * * * rock formations are red, yellow, purple, green and blue, and the texture is extremely clear. Brawly is wrapped around the cliff top, with red flowers and green leaves hanging upside down, showing beautiful colors. Take "Danping" for example. Water droplets have been surging on the cliff for many years, and they are constantly dripping down from the cliff, hence the name "dripping water".
Ocean Park Guangxi Weizhou Island Coral Reef National Ocean Park is located in the southern waters of Beihai City. It is one of the 10 national marine parks approved for construction in China, with a total area of 25 12.92 hectares, including key protected areas 1278.08 hectares and moderately utilized areas 1234.84 hectares. The coral reefs in Weizhou Island are mainly distributed in the north, east and southwest of Weizhou Island. It is the only coral reef group along the coast of Guangxi and an important part of the offshore marine ecosystem in Guangxi. Coral belongs to 26 genera, families and 43 species. Coral reef ecosystem is a characteristic ecosystem in the South China Sea, with high biodiversity and high productivity.
Weizhou Island Lighthouse Weizhou Island Lighthouse is located at the top of Weizhou Island. Established on 1956. Originally an iron frame structure, 1969 was converted into a stone tower. In 2002, Guangdong Maritime Safety Administration allocated 6,543.8+0,000 yuan to rebuild Weizhou Island Lighthouse, which is 22 meters high and has a spiral staircase inside for easy access. The steps are paved with red granite, with white tiles inside and white imitation bricks outside. Lighthouse adopts high-grade aluminum alloy rigid glass watertight window, which is corrosion-resistant and waterproof; Ventilation holes are skillfully opened at the bottom of the tower and the bottom plate of the cantilever room to ventilate the lighthouse for a long time; A copper lamp made in Shanghai is installed at the top of the tower, with a light range of 18 nautical mile; The upper part of the lighthouse is designed with a watchtower to enjoy the scenery of the whole island.
Development and Construction of Weizhou Island Lighthouse 200165438+February, the management committees of Haicheng District * * and Weizhou Island Tourism Resort formulated the tourism resources development and ecological environment protection planning of Weizhou Island, and successively invested more than 7 million yuan to build and improve the national geological park landmarks, theme squares, volcano geological museum and crater park.
Layered volcanic landforms in 20 10 years, with the approval and implementation of the development plan of Weizhou Island in Beihai, Weizhou Island has become the second island in China to develop international high-end leisure tourism after Hainan Island.
2011March, the development plan of Weizhou Island Tourist Area in Beihai was approved and implemented by the autonomous region. In June, the Five-year Plan for the Creation of Weizhou Island Crocodile Mountain Scenic Area was approved and implemented by the Tourism Bureau of the Autonomous Region. In August, the overall planning for the construction of Weizhou Island tourist area was approved and implemented by the city. In addition, the overall planning of Beihai tourism industry development and the revision of Beihai Yintan central area tourism planning have been fully launched. 20 1 1 On August 26th, Guangxi started construction of the first batch of 10 tourism infrastructure projects with a total investment of over 300 million yuan in Weizhou Island. Eco-environmental protection facilities mainly include scenic spots and road greening, geological relics protection, garbage and sewage treatment, tourist service centers and hotel facilities.
20121214 In February, 24 projects involving tourism infrastructure and supporting facilities were started and completed in Weizhou Island. The projects to be started include 15 projects such as the first phase of sewage treatment plant, renovation and restoration of southwest coast, and wetland ecological protection in nature reserves, with a total investment of about 165438. The total investment of completed projects is 65.438+0.3 billion yuan, including 9 projects, including the first phase of urban and rural landscape reconstruction, the first phase of geological relics protection in Crocodile Mountain scenic area, the reconstruction of Catholic church and the reconstruction of square.
20 13, Weizhou Island completed fixed assets investment of 270 million yuan in the first half of the year. The first batch of construction projects, such as the reconstruction and expansion of Weizhou Island Nanwan Seaview Hotel and the North Shore Ecological Leisure Road, were successfully completed and put into use.
In the 19th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (159 1), Tang Xianzu, a playwright and poet of Ming Dynasty, was demoted to the history of xuwen county. After visiting Weizhou Island, he left a poem "Yangjiang went to Weizhou for the summer vacation, watched the pearl pond at night and sent it to Lianzhou", which said: Chun County. The earth tilted, the thunder turned to one side, and the sky entered the bucket slightly. Twilight lingers in the sky, floating is too barren. The dark Lord hides in the dark, with bamboo joints facing the dragon king. The sun shines on Weizhou Guo and the wind deviates from the island. The treasure hangs by the pool, and pearls shine all night. The sparkling stars are white and the smoke is yellow. Gas is like rainbow jade, and shadow is like candle silver. In order to reflect Wu Meifu, look back at Han Meng's taste. Tears when lost, revealing clothes. From the description in the poem, Tang Xianzu saw the scenery of Weizhou from the sea. In the Ming Dynasty, Weizhou Island was a place where people lived together. At that time, Weizhou had developed to a certain extent.
History of Hakka Origin in Weizhou Island
Weizhou Island has produced Hakka culture with strong regional characteristics, because Weizhou Island is a hilly mountain surrounded by mountains on all sides, with Luoxiao Mountain range in the west, Wuyishan and Jiulian Mountain in the east and Nanling Mountain in the south. There is a Lushan Mountain connected with Wuyishan in the middle of Luoxiao Mountain range, which separates southern Jiangxi from central Jiangxi and forms a relatively closed natural environment. The aborigines living in Weizhou Island are Baiyue people belonging to the same ethnic group as Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other southern regions. They "have their own caste and are not unified." After the Qin and Han Dynasties, due to the continuous entry of northern men into this area, Baiyue people were sinicized in batches, some were forced to move to Jianghuai area, and some left the plain to enter the deep mountains and forests, becoming once famous "Shanyue" people in history. During the Jin Dynasty, especially during the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the constant war in the north and the depression of rural economy, a large number of refugees crossed the river south to find another way to survive. After continuous migration, some immigrants came to Weizhou Island, lived with the local aborigines and merged with them under the condition of relatively closed society and nature, thus creating a regional culture dominated by Han culture, which is different from the surrounding culture. This is Hakka culture.
Weizhou Island Mazu
Like fishermen in other coastal areas of China, most residents of Weizhou Island worship Mazu (known locally as "three old ladies" because Mazu ranks third among brothers and sisters) as a god. Weizhou Sanlaoniang Temple (also known as Mazu Tempel and Tianhou Palace) is located in the south of Weizhou Island and the north of Nanwan Port. The temple is built under a volcanic cliff, surrounded by mountains and seas, with unique architecture. Because the original Tianhou Palace was very dangerous because it was under the cliff, a new Tianhou Palace was built in front of it. The temple is dark red and there is an old banyan tree in the yard. On New Year's Day in China, when fishing boats go home, residents will worship them with chickens, ducks, fish and jewels. Every year, on the 23rd of March, Mazu's birthday, and during the harvest season in the lunar calendar 10, fishermen will hold a grand celebration ceremony to thank the three old ladies for their safe harvest. This move was called "happiness" for the three old ladies by the locals. The trip to Weizhou Island is held once a year, usually at the end of the year.
Tourist information tickets Weizhou Island scenic spot tickets 1 15 yuan/person, 1.2 meters above, 1.4 meters below, children, students, servicemen, the disabled and the elderly can enjoy the 60 yuan/person discount. 1.2 meters. Geological museum Weizhou Island to the crater of the battery car fare 20 yuan/person (round trip).
The first route of Weizhou Island: Shi Gui Seaside Park (riding on the steepest hillside in Beihai)-Big Beach-Fisherman's Village-Sea Cucumber Breeding Factory-Catholic Church-Shiluobei-Submarine Coral Area (diving)-Hundreds of animals are making waves in the sea.
The second type: Crocodile Mountain Park to watch the sunrise-visit the crater ruins-Xianren Cave-Dishuidanping-Sanlaoniang Temple-Fengbo Ridge (the steepest hillside in the Lower Beihai area)-Zhuziling.
Mode of transportation to the island
You need to take a passenger ship to and from this island. Tickets are for warehouse B 120 yuan/person (one-way), warehouse A 180 yuan/person (one-way) and special seat 240 yuan/person (one-way). The speedboats are Fei Yi 1, Gefei, Feida, Feiyu, Beiyou 6, Beiyou 8 and Beiyou 12, and the slow boats are Beibu Gulf 1, Beibu Gulf 2 and Beibu Gulf 3.
The fast boat sails about 1 hour, and the slow boat sails about 2.5 hours. Sail slowly in tourist season and stormy weather.
Ticket outlets and business hours: International Passenger Terminal 07: 15- 18: 00, Huamei Plaza 07: 15-22: 00, Wang Sheng Road 07: 15-22: 00.
Bus line
Route 1: Beihai Fucheng Airport-Beibu Gulf Plaza-Bus No.3-International Passenger Terminal-Weizhou Island.
Route 2: Beihai Railway Station-Bus No.2-Bus No.3-International Passenger Terminal-Weizhou Island.
Route 3: Beihai Nanzhu Bus Terminal-15 Bus-Beibu Gulf Plaza -3 Bus-International Bus Terminal-Weizhou Island.
It was an Indian who invented the throwing weapon, which is now called chakra.
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