Born in sorrow, died in happiness. After the meeting between Song Zuoshi and Xu Ximen, it promoted the peace of all countries. However, the following political changes have taken place in the vassal States of the Central Plains: First, Chu Jin ceased fighting, the Central Plains was invincible for a while, and the unity among the vassal States was relaxed and disintegrated; Secondly, the princes of the vassal States were arrogant and extravagant, relaxed and happy, and made great efforts to rule the palace, which was extremely luxurious. King Chu Ling built zhanghua Palace, Tongque Palace and Qi Palace, and Duke Lu built Chu Palace in imitation of zhanghua Palace of King Chu Ling, and died in this palace. Wei Linggong rebuilt the China Palace; Third, doctors in various places merged land and expanded fiefs, which gradually opened the end of doctor dictatorship. Jin Liuqing seized power, so there was the "Jin Third Division". After Qi Chen monopolized the state affairs, there was "Tian Daiqi". The civil strife in Chu made Yin Chijun usurp the throne and Lu was in charge.
Competition is the innate instinct of human beings, and war is a kind of violent behavior in human competition, but war cannot disappear forever; The army is a tool for national self-defense and the key to national survival. Mencius said: "Invincible foreign patients, the country will die." Jingchu invaded the Central Plains in the north, which only strengthened national unity and enhanced the fighting capacity of the Central Plains. However, the armistice made the internal affairs of the Central Plains princes corrupt and collapsed, leading to civil strife, which was counterproductive. This is what Mencius said: "Born in sorrow, died in happiness".
The rise of Wu. About 65,438+0,236,5438+0 years ago, in the Zujia era of Shang Dynasty, the father of Zhou Tai King (d m 4 n) had three sons, the eldest son Taibo, the second son Zhong Yong, and the third son Ji Li, and Li Ji gave birth to Ji Chang (Zhou Wenwang). Ji Chang was young, smart and brilliant, and was deeply loved by his father. Settled in Meili, claiming to be "Jurong (g u) Wu", Jing Manyi thought he was very virtuous, and more than a thousand followers addressed him as "Wu Taibo", so there was the prototype of Wu, the first ancient civilization in Jiangnan. During the Spring and Autumn Period, people in the Central Plains wore the right shirt, while Rong Di wore the left shirt, while people in Chu were "Li è". It can be inferred that Taibo's barbarians are not related to Zhongyuan people, Rongdi people and Chu people, but they are also "tattooed". The early succession of the status of "King of Wu" is as follows: Zhang Zhou, uncle of Taibo Zhong Yongji, was Zhou Wuwang's nephew by generation, and was the first to seal the kingdom of Wu, but only a viscount. When he arrived in Shoumeng, he claimed to be the King of Wu (585 BC), and Shoumeng personally went to Luoyi to meet King Zhou Jianguo who had just ascended the throne (reigned from 585 BC to 572 BC). Since then, Wu Jin has entered the political arena.
During the reign of Duke Jing of Jin (599-58 1), the early Jin Dynasty decided to win over Wu and isolate Chu. In 584, the minister of national subjugation of the State of Chu went to Jin and named him Doctor Xingyi. The Xiang presented a plan to unite with the State of Wu to control Chu, so he sent him to the State of Wu, while he joined his son Qu to lead the Jin army to "take a one-sided pawn" to serve the State of Wu, teach the people of Wu how to fight by car, fight against fire, and even let his son Qu stay as an official.
In the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, the war between the central plains governors and Chu was actually to resist Chu's invasion of the north, which had a certain political purpose, while the war between Wu Chu was purely a war for land. Wu Ruode's land in the Huaihe River basin can keep in touch with the governors of the Central Plains; If it is captured by Chu, it can not only surround the vassal states of the Central Plains, but also cut off the connection between Wu and Jin, so the disputed area of Wu Chu is the Huaihe River basin.
The intersection of Wu Chu area. Xiong Yan, the ancestor of Chu people, was sealed in Danyang, and Chu people only lived in western Hubei. Later, Xiong gradually migrated to the southeast. During the reign of Xiong Qubing (886-877 BC), he explored the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to Zhang Yue. During the reign of Xiong Zi (Z:), the king of Chu (689-558 BC), Deng, Shen, and other small countries east of the Hanshui River were destroyed, and the capital was moved to Ying, which made Chu's forces reach the Hanshui River basin in the north, bordering on the southern edge of the Central Plains, and Chu began to invade the Central Plains in the north, so the Zhaoling Alliance (656 BC and Chu) was established during the reign of King Mu of Chu (625-BC) In 623 BC, Jiang Guo was destroyed, and in 622 BC, the Six Kingdoms, the State of Guo and Shu Qun were destroyed. King Mu took the land of the Six Kingdoms and Guo as the base areas to govern the Huaihe River Basin, stationed heavily and moved eastward. Because Chu's influence extended eastward to the Dongyi area in the Huaihe River basin, it came into contact with Wu, who was established in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and whose influence was developing in the Huaihe River basin. When two great powers meet, it is imperative to fight for it. Therefore, Wu and Chu fought for land in the Huaihe River basin for more than 60 years (from 584 to 525).
Battle of Chuzhou, Wu. Wudi rivers and mountains crisscross, and the people are used to boating. So Wu Jun is good at water warfare. Shen Gong and Chen Wu went to see Wu Zetian, and taught Wu Jun the methods of car fighting and step fighting. Wu Wang Shoumeng then explored Tan (in the spring of 584), Xu (in the summer of 584) and Tan with the newly trained navy and army. In the autumn of that year, the King of Chu (reigned from 590 to 560) ordered Yin Zizhong to lead the troops to attack Zheng Zhi, and Shou Meng moved Xu Zhijun to attack Chuzhou in the Huaihe River Basin, which was broken in August. Chu ordered Zheng Jiao to save Yin Zizhong, but it was too late. Chuzhou is Chu's gateway to the East. Chu was defeated by Zheng Jun because he was eager to rescue Chuzhou. "Fighting on two fronts" and "dispersing forces" are taboos for military strategists. If you neglect one thing, the Chu army will fail!
Kim and Wu. During the reign of Duke Jing of Jin, the small vassal states in the Central Plains vacillated between Jin Chu, but Jin had no choice but to adopt the method of "controlling by force" and "subduing by force". Faced with the attitude of a small country in the Central Plains, Duke Jing of Jin summoned the vassal states of Lu, Qi, Song, Wei, Zheng, Cao, Zhu and Qi to form an alliance in Pu in the spring of 582, which was called Pu in history. In the winter of 576 AD, Shi Xie (xiè) of Jin Qing summoned Lu Shu, Sun Qiaoru, Wu Yan, Song Huayuan, the father of Wei and Zheng Gongzi? (Qi) and Zhu Ren are in alliance with the prince of Wu, known in history as "Li Zhong Meng Hui". This is Wu's first time to join the League of Governors. At this point, the policy of Jin Lian Wu was declared complete; In June 570, the mourning ministers of the State of Jin, Shan Qinggong, Qi, Lu Xianggong, Wei, Zheng, Song, Ju Zi, Ju Zi Xuangong and Chen Chengyuan, were in Jize League, which was called "Jize League" in history. Judging from the alliance of Pudi and Jize, Wu's two excuses failed, and the alliance of Zhong Li in the middle was not a high-level alliance. Wu lacked confidence in the vassal state of the Central Plains and was still hesitant until "Shoumeng took the warlock's son as a relative and made it a national government" (Wu Yue Chun Qiu), and the alliance between Jin and Wu was further deepened; In April of 563 BC, Duke Mourn of Jin (reigned from 573 to 558 BC) summoned Duke Song, Hou Wei, Hou Lu, Cao Bo, Ju Zi, Yan Zi, Teng Zi, Xue Bo, Zeebe, Xiao Yanzi and Qi Shizi as overlord, and Wu Wangshoumeng personally attended. Two years later, 56 1 years ago, Wang Shoumeng of Wu died in Zhoumiao. Zuo Zhuan said: "When a vassal died, his surname was in the ancestral hall, his family was in the ancestral hall and his family was in the imperial temple", which proved the close blood relationship between Wu and the Zhou royal family.
Shu Yong led Wu to invade Chu. When Jin and Chu fought for the hegemony of the Central Plains in Yanling (575 BC), Shu Yong led Wu Jun to attack Chu's nest city, drive city, Licheng city and Mi city. Chu was defeated by Jin, so it was better to rescue. All the cities were occupied by Wu Jun. In the first 574 years, Chu made Yin Zi pay more attention to the shame of losing land in the snow year and retaliated against Shu Yong who led Wu to attack Chu. He became a big shipmaster and prepared to attack Wu. He learned that Shu Yong had taken refuge in the State of Wu, and his defense failed. The Duke of Chu led his troops to attack Shu Yong, and the people of Wu could not save him, so Shu Yong was destroyed by Chu. In the seventeenth year of Spring and Autumn Annals (574 BC), ".
The battle of nine sons of Wu Chu and Hengshan Mountain. In the first month of 570, five years after leaving Chu, with Deng Liao as the pioneer, Yin Gongzi led the water diversion army down the river to attack Wu and Ke Jiuzi. As for Hengshan Mountain, the Chu army thought that marching could destroy Wu, and Wu made Indiana Jones stop Chu and Pioneer and capture Deng Liao alive. Chu made Yin Zizhong's army retreat to the west, and Wu Sui entered the army to attack Chu, and then. Deng Liaoshuai was sent to form a 300-member army and trained 3,000 troops to invade Wu. Wu people want to strike, Deng Liao. If you can avoid it, Group A will only be 80, and practice 300. Zi Gui, after drinking, on the third day, Wu attacked Chu and took the ride. Driving, Liang Yi also. Deng Liao, also Chu Zhiliang. The gentleman said,' if the son is heavy, it is better to die', so the Chu people blame the son. If the child is seriously ill, he will die of a heart attack. "
Wu Chu yongpu battle. 560 years ago, the king of Chu died and the king of Chu Kang was established. Wu thought that Chu could not start his career during his funeral, so he began to attack Chu by car. Chu lured sharpshooter Yang into Wu County with a canoe. At noon, Chu Sima's son ambushed Wu Jun in Yongpu, defeated Wu Shi and captured Wu Gongzi alive. "Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong thirteen years (560 BC): "Wu invaded Chu, Yang fled for his life, and Zi Geng succeeded to the throne as a teacher. ..... fought in Yongpu and lost to Wu. "
Wu Chugao's Battle of Zhou Dynasty. Wu Yongpu's defeat wanted the support of the State of Jin, but at this time the State of Jin was attacking the State of Qin (in 562 BC, the army of the State of Qin was defeated by the people of Jin in the Battle of Oak; In the first 559 years, Jin led the Jin division, joined the princes, sent troops to attack Qin, and went deep into the forest in the hinterland of Qin State to avenge the defeat in the Battle of Oak. Therefore, the State of Jin rejected the request of Wu * * to attack the State of Chu, because there was a feud with the State of Jin for hundreds of years, so the State of Chu hated the alliance between Wu and the State of Jin. On the other hand, Chu wanted to hate Wu Jun's invasion of Yongpu in the snow year, so he used the State of Jin and the State of Jin. After the plundering of Chu, the whole army returned to Gaozhou Pass from Tangyi via Liu Yi. Later, the army was ambushed by Wu Jun, and the former army of Chu was rescued and blocked by Wu Jun again. The Chu army could not give consideration to both before and after, so it was defeated Son Yi Ying (G incarnation) was captured, and his son Jian's last words before committing suicide were: "We must build a city for Wu!" . King Kang of Chu was deeply stimulated by the defeat of Chu army and the suicide of Gongzi Zhen. Therefore, in order to cultivate national strength and make it possible for Ren Xian to concentrate on Putt's internal affairs, Wu Chu and China remained calm for more than ten years.
The battle of Chu destroying Shu pigeons. In the first 555 years, the battle of Pingyin in Jin and Qi was in danger of national subjugation, and Zheng was cut to help Qi; In the first 550 years, there was a rebellion and a battle between Jin and Taihang. These three incidents were all related to Chu, which once again proved that Chu was unwilling to "give up" the Central Plains. This battle between Chu and Han: the north has the ambition to invade the Central Plains, but the south is stumped by Wu Zhi, and is deeply involved in the plan of "uniting Wu to control Chu". When Chu Jin was at war with Yanling, Shu Yong was in command. In the winter of 549, Wu did the same thing again, taking advantage of the opportunity of Chu to attack Zheng, so that Shu rose up against Chu. Chu army from Huangpu, asked Shu rebellion. Shu denied it. The following year, the Duke of Shu rebelled, and the new commander of Chu, Yin Qujian, led the division to cut it. Suddenly, with the reinforcements of Wu, Yang's right division Chu was ambushed by Wu Jun, and Zuo's family could not be blocked by the risk of Wu.
Wu Chu's Battle of Zhu Fang. The battle of Chu's extermination of Shu pigeons showed that during the reign of King Kang of Chu (559-545 BC), Chu still had absolute control over the Huaihe River basin. In order to regain the control of this area, Wu took crazy revenge, but lost two kings in succession: in 548, the vassal state of Wu attacked Chu and was shot dead by Chen Wu, the commander-in-chief of Chu Chaoyi; In the first 544 years, Wu conquered Chu again, and Yu Ji, the king of Wu, was stabbed to death by the prisoners of the State of Yue while inspecting the shipmaster. Chu was invaded by Wu in successive years. In the first 547 years, he asked Qin to cut Wu, but the Qin Chu Coalition forces failed to cut Wu. In July and August of 538 AD, King Chu Ling invited Jin and other vassal states to meet with him. After the meeting, the vassal army led by Chu attacked Wu, surrounded it and destroyed its family. King Chu Ling and the princes led troops to destroy Lai Guo and moved Lai Guo to Yan. Wu saw the potential and dared not go to war.
The Battle of Keshore in Wu Chu. In the winter of 538, Wu Wei reported the battle of Zhu Fang, but he divided his forces and attacked Chu, and entered Chu Ci City, Oak City and Mayi City. Chu Shen Yin shot Xia Ling to save him. Wu Zhi's annoyance made Chu a headache, so he refused to build the city: King Chu Ling ordered the massacre? (wěi) Qijiang built a nest city, and Chu has Yin Ran to build a state to come to the city. 537 years ago, the State of Chu attacked the State of Wu on a large scale, which side was the leader? The teacher of numerous Yang led the Vietnamese army to Zuoyi. In late September, Dr. Yue led the Vietnamese army to the Yangtze River and crossed the river to the north. Chu? Jiang Kai led Chao Yi's troops to meet him, and Wu Jun led his troops to stop him. Qijiang and the Vietnamese army met at Que 'an, west of Shu Jiu, and defeated the division of Chu Yue.
At that time, on his way to Xiaxun, King Chu Ling met the son of the younger brother of the King of Wu in Luoxun. He played a replica of the "Xi 'an (Qin) Army" (in 627, Qin Yuanbing attacked Zheng and met the merchants of Zheng, who were the monk Sui. So the army of the king of Chu still has it? Cai, Chen, Xu, Dun, Shen, Xu and Dongyi troops joined forces in Shashu, from south to Huai, but when the army of the king of Chu arrived in Ruqing, they saw that Wu was heavily guarded everywhere and there was no gap to enter, so they watched the soldiers return to the mountain. Zuo Zhuan was published by Zhao Gong for five years.
Judging from the "God's Meeting" (538 BC) and "Xia Ling Hui Hui" (537 BC) advocated by Chu, Chu still had a certain appeal when he was a spiritual king, but the God's Meeting attacked Wu with the help of Chu, and Jin's behavior was puzzling. Since it is "uniting Wu to control Chu", how can it help Chu attack Wu? Maybe there was a mistake in the government affairs of Jin State.
Battle of Zhong Fang, Wu Chu. The king of Chu looked at the soldiers behind the mountain. In order to prevent Wu Jun from pursuing, he left Shen Yin to attack the Bird's Nest City. Qijiang is on standby in Lou. September 536, Chu? Xu Yiwei was defeated by the army, and Wu Jun saved Xu. Chu and Wu met, and Wu Jun took the lead in defeating them. Chu abandoned the disease and was captured. Did Chu Gongzi blame the defeat on? Drain and kill it.
After Zhong Fang's war, King Chu Ling deeply felt that he was at war with Wu, winning less and losing more, so he turned from defending to attacking and lived in peace for several years.
Battle of Long Beach, Wu Chu. Before 529, King Chu Yin gave up his illness and killed King Chu Ling, and started his own business. It was because of the civil strife that King Chu Ping and Wu sent troops to surround Chu, and Chu did not send troops. In April of the following year, King Chu Ping ordered Dan to appease the soldiers in western Chu. "(pí) Dongbing was simplified in Zhaoling and the whole army was trained for three years. In the winter of 525 years ago, King Chu Ping asked Yin Yang Za (gài) and Sima Gongzi Fu (fáng) to lead the shipmen to attack Wu, and the Chu army fought with Wu Gongzi Guang's army on the long embankment. The Jade Emperor, the most important warship of the State of Wu, was captured by the Chu army and sent by Hsien Wu.
In the battle of Long Beach, Wu was defeated first and then won, and Chu was defeated first. In the face of repeated battles and defeats of the Chu army, King Chu Ping followed the example of King Chu Ling's method of "building a city and refusing it": in the spring of 523, Chu built a city in the north to defend Jin, and in the winter, Chu returned to the army to seize the state and build a city in the state.
The Battle of Wu in Qi Hong's mouth. In 522 BC, Fahrenheit and Xiang's army attacked the Song and Yuan Dynasties and failed. Fahrenheit's family fled to Wu. In October of 52 1 year, Wu sent troops to help save Fahrenheit. The allied forces of Qi and Song Dynasties criticized each other, fought hand-to-hand with the doctor of Qi who was guarding the State of Song, lured the enemy into depth, and fought bravely against Wu Jun, resulting in the loss of two Shuai Shuai of Wu State, all of which could not come back.
The battle of Hongkou dealt a great blow to Wu, and Wu was tired of fighting. At this point, the 60-year-long war between Wu Chu and China began in peacetime.
From the Battle of Wu Chuzhou in 584 to the Battle of Long Coast in 525, the initial war in Wu Chu came to an end temporarily.
Precautions:
Zhanghua Palace: Located in Longwan Town, Qianjiang City, Hubei Province.
Gong Gong (dρ) Palace: Located in the southwest of Qin County, Shanxi Province.
Qigong: Located in the northwest of Quwo County, Shanxi Province.
China Palace: Located in Puyang County, Henan Province.
Six Qing Dynasties in Jin State: Fan, Bank of China, Zhi, Zhao, Han and Wei.
Lu Sanhuan: Shi, Shu, Shu.
Mei Li: Meicun Street, Xinwu District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province.
Xing Yi: Now in Xingtai City, Hebei Province.
Take one and be partial to two and one pawn: that is, take the car nine times, pawn 125.
Pedestrian: It's a diplomat.
Danyang: As the name implies, it is the north of Danshui, and Danshui is now Danjiang. Danyang has Zigui theory, Zhijiang theory and Danxi theory. According to underground archaeology, Danyang, the capital of Chu, is basically identified as Danjiang Reservoir in Xichuan County, Henan Province.
Zhang Yue: Today's land in northern Jiangxi.
Hanshui: Today, the Hanjiang River flows through Shaanxi and Hubei provinces and joins the Yangtze River at Longwang Temple in Hankou, Wuhan.
Deng Guo: Deng County, Henan Province today.
Shen Guo: South Shen Guo, now Wancheng District, Nanyang City, Henan Province.
Attractions: Qingliu Temple, southwest of Xixian County, Henan Province.
A: Jinan, northwest of jiangling county, Hubei.
Jiang Guo: Southwest of Xixian County, Henan Province.
Six countries: the area around Lu 'an City, Anhui Province today.
Guo: Northeast of Gushi County, Henan Province.
Shu Qun: In today's Shucheng County and Tongcheng City.
Zhou Lai: Zhou was originally in the country, but was later destroyed by Chu, who came to the city, now Fengtai County, Anhui Province.
Tanxian County: Southwest of Tancheng County, Shandong Province.
Guo Xu: Now R&F Center in Suzhou, Anhui Province.
Yun: Now south of Xiangcheng County, Henan Province.
Pu: It was a garrison at that time, and now it is in the southwest of Changyuan County, Henan Province.
Li Zhong: Huaiguan Town in the northeast of Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province.
Jize: Jize County, Handan City, Hebei Province.
Z: Cangjiakou, Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province.
Shuyong: One of the Shu countries, all of which are away from the city, namely Shujiu City, now west of Shucheng County, Anhui Province.
Yanling: Yanling County, Henan Province today.
Chaoyi: Chaoxian County, now Chaohu City, Anhui Province.
Chiayi: Lugang Town, Jiang Ge District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province.
Yi Li: Wuwei City, Anhui Province today.
Huiyi: Digang Town, Fanchang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province.
Jiuzi: Qingshan River, East Sanli, Wuhu City, Anhui Province.
Hengshan Mountain: This Hengshan Mountain is not Hengshan Mountain in Hengshan County, Hunan Province, but also called Hengwang Mountain, which is at the junction of Anhui and Jiangsu. Located at the junction of Bowang District, Maanshan City, Anhui Province and Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, south of Danyang Town, Jiangning District.
Yongpu: At present, the northwest river in Guichi District, Chizhou City, Anhui Province, the Mid-Autumn Festival is opposite to the entrance of Puhu Lake, belonging to Shuyong.
Gaozhou: between Zipeng Mountain and Longfeng Mountain between Hefei City and Lu 'an City in Anhui Province.
Tangyi: Liuhe District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province.
Liu Yi: Now Lu 'an City, Anhui Province.
Ying: At that time, Chu was in jiangling county, Hubei Province.
Shu Jiuguo: Southeast of Shucheng County, Anhui Province.
Huangpu: North of Taoxi Town, Shucheng County, Lu 'an City, Anhui Province.
Away from the city: the capital of Shu Yong, that is, Shu Jiucheng, is now in the west of Shucheng County, Anhui Province.
Zhu Fang: The rebels of the State of Qi claimed to be doctors of the State of Qi, and then went to the State of Wu. Wu people live on the land that is today Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.
Shendi: Wancheng District, Nanyang City, Henan Province.
Lai Guo: At this time, Lai Guo has moved its capital from Yuzhou City, Henan Province to Baoxin Town, Xixian County, Xinyang City, Henan Province.
Yan: Yicheng City, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province.
Quean: Nanque Zhu Wei, Tongxiang, northwest of Shucheng County, Lu 'an City, Anhui Province.
Magnetic meaning: southwest of Fangcheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, southeast of Bozhou City, Anhui Province.
Oak Town: Oak Pavilion in the northwest of Xincai County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province.
Mayi: a horse stance just look 90 miles southwest of Lu 'an City, Anhui Province.
Xia Shu: West of Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province.
Nest city: that is, the nest city, that is, Chaohu City, Anhui Province.
Fan Yang: North Korea Market Town, Xincai County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province.
Zuo Yi: Huoqiu County, Lu 'an City, Anhui Province.
Luo Lu: At the intersection of Zhugan River between luoshan county and Guangshan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province.
Dongyi: She lives in Baoying County, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province.
Su Sha: Now the Quanhe River in Fuyang, Anhui Province joins Shaying River.
Nanhuai: Quanjiao County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province.
Ruqing: Qingshui Town, Feidong County, Hefei City, Anhui Province.
Lushan Mountain: the seventh Baoshan in Huanglong Township, Wuwei County, Chaohu City, Anhui Province.
Zhong Fang: Kantuan Town, southeast of Lixin County, Bozhou City, Anhui Province.
Yan Lou: In ancient Zhuan Xu, this was an anguo land. Today, the northeast of Shangcheng County, Xinyang City, Henan Province, the south of Gushi County, and parts of Qiu Hui County, Lu 'an City, Anhui Province.
Long Shore: dangtu county, Maanshan City, Anhui Province, southwest of the Yangtze River, east and west cool mountain area.
Song Qiu: dangyang city, Yichang City, Hubei Province.
Tancheng: jia county, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province.
Hongkou: It belongs to the Song Dynasty and is now in the northwest of Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province.