Due to the open policy adopted by the Tang Dynasty, the costumes of the Tang Dynasty were eclectic to the western regions and Tubo, so "mud hats" and "fashionable makeup" became popular. This is the third great change in the ancient costume history of China. Different from the previous two major changes in clothing, this time the clothing exchange is from north to south and then to east. As the spiritual pillar of the ruling class in feudal society, Confucianism regards observing the laws of ancestors as the foundation of loyalty and filial piety, and emphasizes that the clothing system must follow the ancient laws, especially as sacrificial clothing and royal clothing, so it is called legal clothing. It is very conservative and closed. The daily clothes of the imperial court are called uniforms, which have the characteristics of the times. Tang Gaozu Li Yuan (6 18-636 AD) promulgated a new law in the seventh year of Wude (624 AD), that is, the famous Wude Law, which included the clothes of the 14th emperor, the clothes of the 3rd queen, the clothes of the 6th crown prince, the clothes of the 3rd crown prince, the clothes of the 22nd prince and the clothes of the 6th maid. The content basically inherits the old system of Sui Dynasty, and the 14 kinds of clothes of Tiandi are Daqiumian, Yimian, Yimian, Xuanmian, Tiantongguan, Yibuguan, Wumi, Yi Fu and Heijieguan respectively. The crown prince's six kinds of clothes are crown, traveling crown, public service, black hat, uniform and plain towel. The 22 kinds of clothes worn by governors are: Guan Guan, Guan Guan, Guan Guan, Guan Guan, Xuan Guan, Guan Ping, Jue Guan, Wu Guan, Yi Fu, Jin Xian Guan, Yuan You Guan, Fa Guan (clothing Guan) and Fa Guan. The queen's three kinds of clothes are clothes, bow clothes and hairpin clothes; The three kinds of clothes of the Crown Princess are Zhai, Ju and Xi Chai Li.
There are many factors that make Tang Dynasty costumes colorful. First of all, it laid the foundation in the Sui Dynasty. Although the rule of the Sui Dynasty was short, the silk industry developed greatly. It is recorded in the literature that Emperor Yang Di of Sui Dynasty "crowned the treacherous court official". Not only did he make his ministers wear gorgeous clothes, but even when he went to the canal, the ropes of the big ship were made of silk. Trees on both sides of the river decorate their willows with green silk and tie their flowers with colorful silk, which is enough to see the amazing silk production.
China's crown service system was first established in Xia and Shang Dynasties, and gradually improved in Zhou Dynasty. The payment in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period was governed by courtesy. In the Tang Dynasty, the crown service system developed to be very rich and perfect, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations and abroad.
Officials' clothing in the Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the clothing for sacrificial ceremonies and major political activities (sacrificial clothing or court clothing); A kind of clothing is common in work and social activities (public service or public service).
Sacrificial costumes and Korean costumes (also known as costumes) participating in major political activities are basically the same as those of the Sui Dynasty, but they are more beautiful in form than those of the Sui Dynasty. The official clothes worn in general occasions (also called provincial clothes) and the ordinary clothes worn by Yanju clothes at ordinary times (also called official clothes) absorbed some elements of Hu clothes that have been popular in China since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, especially the national clothes of Xianbei in the northwest and the national clothes of Central Asia, and combined them with the traditional clothes of China to create new clothing forms with Tang characteristics. Among them, such as the lack of crotch robe, crotch, half arm, clothes, pants and so on are all examples. The crotch-missing robe, also known as a four-inch shirt, is a straight, left-right split robe, which can be matched with hoes, belts and boots and has become the main clothing form for men in the Tang Dynasty.
In the Tang Dynasty, the official dress developed the traditional form of the ancient deep clothing system, adding welts to the collar, cuffs and hem. The dress is cut straight at the front and back, and the lower edge of the front and back lapels is horizontally connected into a horizontal reed, and the waist is tied with leather. Sleeves are divided into straight sleeves and wide sleeves. This kind of narrow and tight sleeves is called 〓 clothing, which is described in Ming Shi. This style moves easily. The style with wide sleeves and big frills can show the chic and luxurious style, such as round neck shirts and robes, which can be worn from the emperor to the servant. The matching clothing style of hoe, round neck, belt and boots has been passed down to the Ming Dynasty.
In a word, the official dress of 100 officials in the Tang Dynasty (note: not allowed to enter sacrificial ceremonies and major court meetings) inherited the previous system and was a round neck robe. Because the lower edges of the front and back lapels are connected by a whole piece of cloth to form a horizontal harness, it is called a round neck robe. In the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty, under the influence of Hu Feng, the narrow and tight straight sleeve style was popular, and since the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Hu Feng has been popular with the traditional big sleeves without coats. The first dress matched with the uniform is a hoe, the whole dress is a black leather six-in-one boot, and the accessories are belts, fish (turtle) bags and so on.
Tang Gaozu once stipulated that the uniforms of ministers, princes to third-class princes were all made of purple flowers, and belts were made of jade belt hooks. More than five items are made of silk (small flowers), and the belt is made of grass and gold hooks. Six products adopt yellow (lemon yellow) double-sided (geometric pattern) twill, and the belt adopts rhinoceros hook. Seven products are made of green tortoiseshell, double giant and ten flowers (all geometric patterns) twill, the belt is made of silver ring (ring buckle) and nine products are made of cyan silk mixed twill, and the belt is made of jade hook. During the Li Shimin period of Emperor Taizong (627-649 AD), the four directions were peaceful and the country was prosperous. He put forward the idea of restraining martial arts, advocating civil administration, giving ministers a title of virtue, and making more detailed regulations on the color of official uniforms. According to the New Tang Book, the gowns with more than three items are purple, with gold belts and thirteen pieces (belts with suspenders on them are also used for decoration). Four robes deep and eleven gold belts. Five robes are shallow and ten gold belts. Six robes are dark green with nine silver edges. Seven robes are light blue, and the silver belt is nine. Eight robes are dark blue, nine robes are light blue, and jade has eight rings. Outgoing officials and Shu Ren are all dressed in yellow, with seven belts of copper and iron (in the first year of the General Chapter, outgoing officials and Shu Ren were forbidden to wear yellow, as mentioned above). In the second year of Longshuo in Tang Gaozong (AD 662), it was changed to green for fear of dark blue and purple (indigo was dyed many times in ancient times, so it was afraid of being mixed with purple). From the Spring and Autumn Period (reign from 685 BC to 643 BC) when Qi Huangong wore purple robes, the color pattern of clothes with purple as the top grade was determined, and it remained until the Song and Yuan Dynasties. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that it was changed to big red.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the most obvious feature of China's clothing was the dual-track system. Wear the traditional costumes of the Han nationality at the big sacrificial ceremony. In normal times, the official costume of the Tang Dynasty was made of Hufu (Xianbei clothing). By the Tang dynasty, the country was unified, the economy was prosperous, the shape was more open, and the costumes were more and more gorgeous. The characteristic of women's dress in Tang Dynasty is the unity of skirt, blouse and blouse. Among women, there is an image of topless and bare arms. On the east wall of Princess Yongtai's tomb, there is an image of a woman in the Tang Dynasty, with a high bun, shirtless, HongLing shoulders, a yellow short-sleeved blouse, a long green dress sweeping the floor, and a red belt hanging from her waist, which gives a more vivid understanding of "powder chest is half hidden and dark snow is suspected" and "wearing fine grass when sitting, that is, sweeping plum blossoms with a skirt". Dressing slowly and revealing a little is not everyone's job. In the Tang Dynasty, only people with status could wear open-chested shirts, Princess Yongtai could be semi-naked, and singers could be semi-naked to please the ruling class, while women in ordinary families were not allowed to be semi-naked. At that time, the semi-topless dress of the Tang Dynasty was somewhat similar to the evening dress of the modern west except that the shoulders and back were not allowed to be exposed.
After the implementation of Wu De-ling, the crown service system in the Tang Dynasty was constantly revised and improved. It inherited the tradition of Zhou and Han dynasties, and formed a complete series from the aspects of clothing collocation, clothing materials and decorative colors.
In the Tang dynasty, men's wear added new styles on the basis of continuing the traditional cross-neck and Chinese-style clothing. One is a hoe and the other is a round neck and narrow sleeve robe.
In the Tang Dynasty, it was the first dress based on the towel of the Han and Wei Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, people added a fixed ornament to the hoe, called "towel". The shape of towels varies from time to time. Besides towels, many changes have taken place in the feet of steamed bread. By the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the original soft foot had become a hard foot with one left and one right.
After the lapel of the round robe
The official's main clothing in Tang Dynasty was a round neck and narrow sleeve robe. In addition, the application of horizontal bow under the robe was also a major feature of men's wear at that time.
Judging from many pictures handed down from ancient times, this kind of T-shirt is popular in informal occasions: it is not attached to the chest below the neck, so that the front layer of the robe naturally hangs loosely and forms a lapel. This is also close to Khufu's lapel, which really achieves a similar effect to Khufu's. In today's words, it is probably called looking foreign.
However, the round neck robe is not a common dress for people in the field, nor is it a dress for major sacrifices and major political activities.
By the Tang dynasty, the country was unified, the economy was prosperous, the shape was more open, and the costumes were more and more gorgeous. The characteristic of women's dress in Tang Dynasty is the unity of skirt, blouse and blouse. Compared with other dynasties, women's clothing in Tang Dynasty has strong self-confidence and fashion consciousness, and pursues elegance and splendor.
Tang-style dress refers to the traditional dress worn by women in Tang Dynasty, such as short coat or shirt, long skirt, silk and half arm (short sleeve). Under the influence of foreign costumes, Tang Nv's dress retained its original shape, so it became the most exciting and moving accessory costume in the Tang Dynasty and even in the whole history of China. Land, usually only grows to the waist, very short, which is the characteristic of women's wear in Tang Dynasty. Shirts like this one grow to the hips or longer. Tang Nv's coats, shirts, etc. are the uniforms of all classes. Yuan Zhen's poem "Lotus Silk Shirt and Lotus Silk Skirt", Zhang You's poem "Where to Take Yuanyang Embroidery, Who Will Pay for Peacock Sweater", and Ouyang Jiong's poem "Tea Girl Leads Her". Judging from these poems, it is very common for women in the Tang Dynasty to wear clothes and shirts, and they like red, light red or light ochre, light green and other colors, and the appearance is even more beautiful with the gold and silver embroidery of "Luoshan embroidered leaves and Jinfeng embroidered geese". The neckline of a swallow often changes. The neckline types of a swallow shirt include round neck, square collar, straight collar, chicken heart collar and so on.
In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there was a kind of naked collar, that is, the neckline was very low, which was popular only among court concubines and kabuki actors in the early days, and later even rich girls were favored. Judging from the stone carvings at the tomb entrance in the Tang Dynasty and a large number of ceramic female figurines, bare collars became popular and probably spread all over Lebanon, so there were quite a few bare-collar female images in the artistic images at that time. Skirts, women in the Tang Dynasty all wore skirts. This was a form of petticoat that women attached great importance to at that time. Skirt fabrics are mostly silk fabrics, but there are many differences in materials, usually one more piece is better. The waist of the skirt can be raised, and part of it can cover the chest. The lower body only wears a tube top and a gauze shirt, so that the skin of the upper body is faintly exposed. For example, Zhou Fang's Picture of a Lady, Zhou Juan's poem and painting "A Dress with a Half-revealing Chest" all depict this kind of dress, which is the boldest among the ancient women's dresses in China, enough to imagine the degree of openness at that time. The material, color and style of skirts in the Tang Dynasty are much higher than the previous generation, which can be described as gorgeous and colorful. For example, there are many skirt styles involved in Tang poetry, such as "Fairy first wears a blue skirt", "Lotus leaf skirt with the same color", "Two-person hidden flower skirt", "Bamboo leaf skirt", "Blue gauze skirt" and "New neon moonlit skirt".
The skirts in the Tang Dynasty are colorful and can be compared with people, mostly crimson, apricot, crimson, moon green and turquoise. Among them, pomegranate color has the longest popularity. Li Baiyou "deceives willow leaves with eyebrows and envies pomegranate flowers with skirts." Wan Chu has "Mei Dai wins the color of day lily, and the red skirt envies pomegranate flowers." Its popularity can be seen from the "Yanjing May Song", "Pomegranate flowers are burned all over the street, and the branches are all falling, and thousands of households can't buy them, leaving their daughters in red skirts." The biggest feature of pomegranate skirt is its high skirt and short coat, which is in sharp contrast with the width and length of the two. The "Tang suit" of this dress is the inheritance, development and perfection of the previous generation of clothing. From the overall effect, the coat is short, the skirt is long, and it looks slim and slender.
Clothing of the Tang Dynasty In the Tang Dynasty, it was also very popular for women to wear "khufu". "Khufu" is the costume of western people. The form of the belt is also deeply influenced by Khufu. Before this, people's waist ornaments were made of gold, silver, copper and iron. At this time, "water belt" with gold ornaments was popular, and the belt for tying things was short and small. This kind of belt was the most popular in the Tang Dynasty and lasted until the Northern Song Dynasty. After the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the influence of Khufu gradually weakened, and the styles of women's clothes became wider and wider. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, this feature was more obvious. Generally speaking, women's sleeves are often more than four feet wide. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, aristocratic dresses were usually worn on important occasions. Wearing this kind of clothes, there are golden flowers in the hair, so it is also called "women's gift"
Custom-women wear men's clothes
It is rare for women to wear men's clothes in the Tang Dynasty in the long feudal society of China. The Book of Rites once stipulated that "men and women can't wear clothes." Although it is impossible to be so absolute in fact, it is often considered immoral for women to wear men's clothes. Before the Tang Dynasty, although there was a slight difference between men and women in clothing styles during the Han and Wei Dynasties, it did not belong to women wearing men's clothing. Only in the Tang Dynasty, when the atmosphere was very relaxed, could women wear men's clothes. Even so, part of the reason is due to the influence of nomadic people. At that time, most of the foreign costumes that influenced the Central Plains were the costumes of direct ethnic groups. Those rugged body frames, heroic costumes and vigorous war horses have had a penetrating influence on Tang Nv's dress consciousness, and at the same time created an atmosphere suitable for women to wear men's clothes. According to the Records of the Old Tang Dynasty, "I may have my husband's clothes, boots and shirts, but I always respect the inside and the outside", which has clearly recorded the scene of women wearing men's clothes. "New Tang Book Five Elements" records that "Emperor Gaozong tasted the banquet, Princess Taiping wore a purple shirt and jade belt, and the soap was folded with a towel, holding seven objects and singing and dancing in front of the emperor.
According to the Records of the Old Tang Dynasty, "I may have my husband's clothes, boots and shirts, but I always respect the inside and the outside", which has clearly recorded the scene of women wearing men's clothes. "New Tang Book Five Elements" records that "Emperor Gaozong tasted the banquet, Princess Taiping wore a purple shirt and jade belt, and the soap was folded with a towel, holding seven objects and singing and dancing in front of the emperor. The emperor and queen smiled and said,' Women can't be military officers. "Why are you dressed like this?" "I can see that the emperor is also tolerant and appreciative, and did not scold his daughter for not keeping etiquette. Although Princess Taiping's behavior was a bit coquettish this time, it also showed that women had been wearing men's clothes in the early Tang Dynasty.
Especially in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, the fashion of women wearing men's clothes was popular. "China's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times" records that "by the middle of Tianbao, the scholar's wife wore her husband's boots, shirt and whip cap, which were integrated inside and outside." "New Tang Book Li Shichuan" Note: "I heard that there are golden birds in the forbidden area, and Xuanzong is fortunate in hot springs and Yang Guifei's clothes." It can be seen that it was quite common for women to imitate men's wear at that time.
Customs-openness and restraint
On the east wall of Princess Yongtai's tomb, there is an image of a woman in the Tang Dynasty, with a high bun, shirtless, HongLing shoulders, a yellow short-sleeved blouse, a long green dress sweeping the floor, and a red belt hanging from her waist, which gives a more vivid understanding of "powder chest is half hidden and dark snow is suspected" and "wearing fine grass when sitting, that is, sweeping plum blossoms with a skirt".
Not everyone is like this. In fact, women in the Tang Dynasty were still under the restriction of feudal ethics, and only those with special status wore open-chested shirts. In ancient paintings, people can be half naked, which is also kept in the back room; Singers are half naked, but they please the ruling class with their bodies. Besides, ordinary women are not half naked. At that time, the semi-topless dress of the Tang Dynasty was somewhat similar to the evening dress of the modern west except that the shoulders and back were not allowed to be exposed.
The "half-exposed" paintings and the case of "women wearing men's clothes" seem to reflect the openness of society at that time. So many people think that women in the Tang Dynasty are open and free. But this is actually only a one-sided understanding. In fact, after Wu Zetian, the society in the Tang Dynasty became more and more disgusted with women's boasting. "Keeping one's duty and keeping a woman's morality" was the usual requirement of aristocratic families for female members. Looking at the rules and regulations of ancient feudal culture on women, many dogmatic books are from the Tang Dynasty.
Although women's pursuit of social status appeared in the Tang Dynasty, it was only a flash in the pan in the long history. The only way to "go out" is to indulge the body to please the power class dominated by men, and another call for social status rights is quickly lost in the traditional custom that men are superior to women.
According to the design and color of military attache's clothing in Tang Dynasty, there are more than three kinds of martial arts, the left and right martial arts guards are decorated with tigers, the left and right leopard towers are decorated with leopards, the left and right eagles are decorated with eagles, the left and right jade bells are decorated with storks, and the left and right martial arts guards are juxtaposed. Kings are decorated with dragons and deer, prime ministers with phoenix ponds, and ministers with geese. After that, it is stipulated that Wei Wei is a bull, a tiger, an eagle, a leopard, a leader, Bai Ze, an evil ghost, and a doorman, a lion. In the sixth year of Tang Taihe, he promised to wear more than three kinds of clothes, such as Swiss grass stork, ribbon goose and silk-padded peacock. This decoration is embroidered. According to the clothing style of the Tang Dynasty, it should be embroidered on the chest back or rotator cuff.
By the Tang Dynasty, all people were riding on the battlefield with vests but no vests. Infantry armored forces account for 60% of the infantry. There are 13 kinds of Tang Jia recorded in Six Classics of Tang Dynasty, which are bright armor, light armor, fine scale, mountain armor, black hammer armor, white cloth armor, soap silk armor, cloth back armor, infantry armor, leather armor, wooden armor and chain mail.
Chain mail is the ring chain armor mentioned in Cao Zhi's table. "Biography of Lv Guang in the Book of Jin" records that when Lv Guang attacked Qiuci, the former Qin Dynasty saw the troops of the western regions tied up in chains, which was impenetrable. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guo Kang paid tribute to the Central Plains court. In the Tang Dynasty, this armor was divided into three types: large, medium and small, and distributed to soldiers according to their height. The armory order in the Six Codes of Tang Dynasty recorded the types of bow, knife and armor, while the shield was renamed Peng brand, including rattan brand, regiment brand, lacquer brand, wooden brand, wooden brand and leather brand. I noticed that rattan, ball, lacquer and wood are all ancient.
Five generations of armor and uniforms
The armor and uniforms of the costumes of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties in the early Tang Dynasty basically maintained the styles and shapes from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty. After Zhenguan, a series of clothing system reforms were carried out, and military and military clothing with tang style was gradually formed. During the period of Emperor Gaozong and China, the national strength was at its peak and the world was at peace. The luxury trend of the upper class is becoming more and more serious. Military clothes and armor are mostly divorced from the use function and have evolved into beautiful and luxurious etiquette clothes mainly decorated. After the "An Shi Rebellion", it returned to the practical state conducive to combat in the iron age of Kingoma. The clothing system of the Five Dynasties basically followed the system of the late Tang Dynasty, and the armor of Guang Jia in Ming Dynasty basically withdrew from the historical stage. The armor was all made of armor pieces and became a two-piece suit in shape. Hand stroke and shoulder pad are combined into one; The breastplate and leggings are connected into a whole, tied back and forth with two shoulder straps and placed on the shoulder pads. The other five generations continued to use leather armor, made of large pieces of leather, and wore gloves and protective equipment.
Tang dynasty armor
The armor and uniforms of the costumes of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties in the early Tang Dynasty basically maintained the styles and shapes from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty. After Zhenguan, a series of clothing system reforms were carried out, and military and military clothing with tang style was gradually formed. During the period of Emperor Gaozong and China, the national strength was at its peak and the world was at peace. The luxury trend of the upper class is becoming more and more serious. Military clothes and armor are mostly divorced from the use function and have evolved into beautiful and luxurious etiquette clothes mainly decorated. After the "An Shi Rebellion", it returned to a practical state conducive to combat, especially armor, which was basically finalized in the late Tang Dynasty. According to the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, the armor of the Tang Dynasty includes strong light, light armor, fine scales, mountain prose, bird hammer, white cloth, soap Juan, cloth back, infantry, leather armor, wooden armor and wooden armor. Among them, Mingguang, Eta Ursae Majoris, Suozi, Shanwen, Bird Hammer and Thin Scale are armor, and the latter three are named after the style of armor pieces. Leather armor, wooden armor, white cloth, soap roll and cloth back are all named after the manufacturing materials. In armor, bright armor is still the most commonly used.
Sui and Tang armor 1
The most commonly used armor in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties is the crotch light. Compared with the previous generation, the crotch structure has been improved and the shape has changed a little. Generally, small nail pieces with scales and other shapes are woven, and the length extends to the abdomen, replacing the original leather nail skirt. The hem of the bulletproof vest is crescent-shaped and lotus-leaf-shaped nail pieces to protect the lower abdomen. These improvements have greatly enhanced the defense from the waist down. The shape of Ming Guanglong is basically the same as that of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but the leg skirt has become longer. The military uniform of Sui Dynasty is a kind of round neck robe.
Sui and Tang armor 2
Armor of Sui and Tang Dynasties The armor of Tang Dynasty was used in actual combat, mainly armor and leather armor. In addition to real armor and leather armor, silk armor was widely used in the armor of the Tang Dynasty. Silk armor is armor made of silk and other textiles. It is light in structure and beautiful in appearance, but it has no defensive ability and cannot be used in actual combat. It can only be used as a general's uniform or ceremonial uniform.
Hairstyles of ancient Han women in China changed with their age and status. When they were young, they used to comb their maidservants' hair. When they got married, they changed their hairpins into a bun, and then matched them with jewelry such as gold, silver, flower buds and jewels, forming a rich and elegant decorative style. It can be seen from the Contrast Diagram of Women's Hairstyles in Tang Dynasty (figure 1) that women's hairstyles in Tang Dynasty have been renovated and emerged one after another, and many beautiful hairstyles have attracted the sincere admiration of scholars in Tang Dynasty and later generations. There are many kinds of women's hairstyles recorded in various documents in the Tang Dynasty, including Ji Yun, Yami, Luo Ji, Twin Bun, Wu Man, Sanjiao and E Ji. Duan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, also pointed out in the article Jipin [1]: Sometimes there is a semi-turn bun and an anti-bun; There are double-ring Wang Xian bun, Uighur bun, sorrow bun, submission bun and makeup bun in the palace of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. There are half bag, reverse bag, Leyou bag, Kaiyuan Zhongbao, Double bag, Wang Xian bag, Uygur bag and Guifei bag. In Zhenyuan, combs are obedient, five-color flowers are attached, and makeup is swept.
In the Tang Dynasty, women's hair styles included semi-twist bun, anti-pull bun, Leyou bun, Sorrow bun, Lily bun, hoof-shun bun, drifting bun, changing ring and looking at fairy bun and so on. Generally speaking, the hair style of the Sui Dynasty is relatively simple, with little change, generally flat-topped, and the hair is layered like a hat. This hairstyle was still used in the early Tang Dynasty, but the top was not as flat as that of the Sui Dynasty, and it was towering and mostly made into clouds. When I arrived in Emperor Taizong, the bun became higher and higher, and the forms became more and more abundant.
The hairstyle of female figurines in Tang Dynasty is very distinctive and outstanding. Judging from the hair styles of red and white pottery female figurines and tricolor female figurines unearthed, they can be summarized into three hair styles: upper comb, flat comb and lower comb. These hairstyles just reflect the process of the national situation from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. The hairdressing in the early stage showed a positive and healthy beauty, corresponding to the waste in the early Tang Dynasty. The flat comb hairstyle in the middle period shows a mature beauty, which corresponds to the "Zhenguan rule" and "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The late comb hairstyle conveys a kind of lazy morbid beauty, which corresponds to the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.