Zhang Mu A (A.D. 1782- 1856), a native of Manzhouli, was a native of Guo Jiashi. In the tenth year of Jiaqing (A.D. 1805), he was a scholar, official to the Prince Taibao, and a university student in Wenhua Hall. When Xuanzong proclaimed himself emperor, Zhang Mu presided over the state affairs, welcomed Xuanzong's weakness and made peace, and cracked down on Lin Zexu and other anti-smoking hardliners. Losing power and humiliating the country is hated by the world.
Official history
A, the word Guo Jiashi, was born in Zhenglan Banner of Manchuria, and his father, Jia, was promoted to a bachelor's degree in cabinet, and later moved to a right-wing company commander. Sit down and ask for the position of assistant minister of the Ministry of War.
Zhang Mu, the champion of Jiaqing in ten years, chose Jishi Shu and was evaluated once. Big exam, Shao Zhan, tired of moving assistant minister. In the past twenty years, the assistant minister of punishments has made more than twenty manuscripts in one day, which is followed by a backlog of letters and reprimands. The members of the department strictly ordered discussions and reduced the number of Lu Si officials. Li Bing Department, Punishment Department, Ministry of Industry, Assistant Minister of Household Affairs, Daoguang Chu, Minister of Interior, Zuo Du and Yuan Shangshu. In order to delay the transport of water vessels, the governor of water transport was ordered twice. Summon the minister of the Ministry of Industry, survey the Nanhe River with the university student Jiang Youqi, make a sea trial, and order him to Tianjin to supervise the grain collection and give him a good explanation. In seven years, I was ordered to learn to walk on the military ministers. Over the years, Zhang Geer was captured, the prince was less protected, the minister of military affairs was rewarded, and the home secretary went straight to the south study. Looking for a bachelor of imperial academy. Li Bingbu, Hu Bu, Shangshu, 14 years, co-sponsored college students. Longquan valley has been repaired for thousands of years, and it has been completed. Jin Taibao's pro-Wang Cizi reins. /kloc-master of study for 0/6 years, bachelor of Wu Yingtang, managing the Ministry of Industry.
Eighteen years, bachelor of Jin Wenhua Hall. When the smoking ban was mentioned, the publicity was very sharp, and Lin Zexu was appointed as an imperial envoy to visit Guangdong. At the beginning, British consular law did not listen to constraints. After stopping the transaction, we started to pay for cigarettes. It is the responsibility never to be trafficked into the country. If you force a contract to be signed, if you don't obey it, the soldiers will fight. Then Xu's defense was tight, and he didn't succeed in Guangdong, so he changed to attack the coastal areas of Fujian and Zhejiang. When the British ship arrived in Tianjin, it sent a letter to the governor Qishan, and Evan Tsui felt very uneasy about his words. Zhang Mu saw the emperor's intention, praised and discussed it, and then replaced it with Qishan. Qishan was hostile, without equipment, and could not get the people he wanted, so the war broke out again. He ordered the defeat of Yishan, Yijing Dushi, Guangdong and Zhejiang, and British soldiers entered the river from the sea. Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, the Commander-in-Chief of Taiwan Province Province, Da Honga, and the leader of Taiwan Province region, Yao Ying, were severely condemned for staying away from the war and ordered Ilib, the elder and Niu to suggest money. Twenty-two years later, peace was reached, currency was rewarded, and trade was conducted, and countries successively concluded contracts. National prestige was not only damaged, but also lost national rights, and foreign invasion began.
When Zhang Mu was at home, he advocated peace talks and was criticized at home. He was tired of soldiers, followed his strategy, and finally went to the light, leaving all his kindness behind. Since Jiaqing, Dianxiang has tried it three times and Dianhui has tried it five times. Any retake, palace test, tide test, teaching Jishi Shu to fail in the prose hall test, and taking the big test in the Korean War are all too old to compete with the Hengwen War. National history, jade death and records are all presidents. Proud students and followers are all over China and foreign countries, and most celebrities are quoted, once dubbed "Mu Party". Wenzong hated his guts at home, and since he ascended the throne for ten months, he wrote a detailed account of his crimes: "Zhang Mu, a great scholar, was grateful for knowing his affairs, kept his position and was greedy for his glory, so that the sage could not get sick in the country." Zhong's little letter, selling his rape delicately; Learn from fake talents and try to figure out what to do. In the past, the prosperity of westernization and the xenophobia of dissidents were abhorrent! Dahong and Yao Ying will be trapped if they try their best to hinder themselves; Senior citizens * * * have no conscience, share weal and woe, and do their best. Protecting pets and stealing rights cannot be listed. I am supreme in imperial examinations, but I treat people sincerely, and Zhang Mu is unscrupulous. If sages had been turned into traitors, they would have been severely punished. Zhang Mu relies on kindness and interests and never cares. I have kept my mouth shut since my personal rule. After a few months, he gradually applied his skills. When the British ship arrived in Tianjin, it still tried to attract senior citizens to complete its plan and made the whole world suffer again. Its heart is insidious, don't ask! Pan and others, such as Zexu, have repeatedly said that he is "sickly and unfit for employment"; And ordered Lin Zexu to fight bandits in western Guangdong, saying, "I don't know if I can go. "False words deceive people, so that I don't know diplomacy, this crime is also. How to maintain discipline and correct people's hearts without applying for law? Why not bear the burden of the imperial examination? The first time I read "Three Dynasties Veterans", once I emphasized the law, I really couldn't bear it and would never use it. I didn't think much about it, and I didn't delve into it. I have been thinking for a long time in the judicial department, and I am sorry for my last difficulty! " Under the imperial edict, the world is happy. Xianfeng three years, salary to five top wear. Six years, pawn.
"History of Qing Dynasty" on page 363.
[Notes]
① Pledge: Sign the letter of guarantee. (2) The outbreak of war: waging war. 3 Cong Xun: I was scolded by everyone. ④ Battle of Hengwen: Matters related to the selection of scholars in imperial examinations. 5 confusion: deception.
[Related historical materials]
Zhang Mu, also known as He Fang, is a proactive person in politics. Full house (2), Zhang Mu accounted for one of them. Pan in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, was the first slap in the Han Dynasty, and all of them were straight maintenance workers. However, although the world is kind, Mabu is old. Therefore, as we all know, Zhang Mu is the sole master of military affairs.
At that time, Yan in Shunde (later Shang Shu), Zhang Bi in Jingyang (later Shi) and He Guiqing in Yunnan (later Governor) were the top students in the same year and entered the Imperial Academy, all of whom were not weak in age. Zhang, why is it so hot? He is like the dependence on Dong Zhuo and Cai Yong's attachment to Dong Zhuo. Alone, I will never communicate with you. After breaking up, I did badly in the first test, and all three did badly. After the order, Luo Yan went to visit Shi En, who asked, "Have you seen Mu Zhongtang?" Yue: "Not yet." Mercy said in horror, "Come and see me before I see Mu Xiang. Almost impossible! " Luo was full of vigor, but he didn't believe what he said. He didn't leave. The next day, a message came out: "Luo is too young to take the position of Hengwen, so there is no need to send someone else." Everyone knows what Zhang Mu A did. In the imperial examination era of the Qing dynasty, those who let go of their orders stopped there. In fact, Zhang Hehe's titles are all smaller than Luo's (it's a catalogue of titles, Luo 19, Zhang 18, He 17). Luo used this as a word because he was not worried about the arbitrariness of A.O., and he already knew it.
Although, this is still small. It lost the lifeblood of the Manchu dynasty, and it was the five-port trade agreement that was humiliated at sea. It is known all over the world that opium is harmful to future generations. Lin Zexu is planning for future generations in the world, so he does not hesitate to take drastic measures to burn opium. Xuanzong also read his loyalty, especially with this person as a shield, so Lin felt guilty and became a master with a clear conscience. In the 22nd year of Wen Daoguang's reign, Wang Ding (Shi), a great scholar, got it back from an investigation in Donghe, crying bitterly, but he couldn't get it, and he was worried to death. When he was ill, before he collapsed, he told his men to lie down and cry on his pillow, giving him a thousand words, trying to make peace and discuss mistakes, and condemning traitors in Zhang Mu. Brother Bing was covered in mud by Zhang Mu, so he couldn't go there. After Wang Ding died, Qi Junzao (Shi Wenduan) still struggled hard. However, seaweed is backward militarily, and Korean ministers can't decide anything, so it is more successful.
It was determined that the White Gate was a draw. After Xuanzong retired from the DPRK, he took charge of the temple and stayed up all day and night. On the job, but I heard a sigh of relief. Without five drums, Xuanzong stamped his foot and sighed. Screw into the temple, scribble on the paper with a brush and seal it tightly. Before the palace gate was opened, he ordered the officers to play at the headquarters and said, "Qi Junzao doesn't know Zhang Mu." Yu and the ministers sent them to the court where the peace treaty was signed. Look at this, there are alarmists threatening Xuanzong and forcing him to obey. Xuanzong was naturally unhappy and thanked the world.
Wen Zong's successor awarded Lin Zexu a grievance, and Ah Sin said, "Great scholars are greedy for glory to prevent saints from getting sick, and Zhong treacherously betrayed traitors. Learn from false talents and try to figure out what to think. Once upon a time, Zhang Mu, a foreigner, hated it. If the law is implemented, it is really unbearable. Reject as leniently as possible, and never use it. "So, the right and wrong of the crime of peace between the Lord and the Lord will be decided in the future. However, it is impossible for a government minister to hide it from future generations. A Brief History of Slaves in unofficial history in Qing Dynasty
Luo Jue in Shunde was born in Shang, Jingyang was born in Gongfu, and He Genyun in Yunnan was the official residence of Guiqing. They all climbed to the top in the same year and entered the Hanlin Academy, but they were not weak in those years. And with Tang Haiqiu's agriculture department, Haiqiu was ecstatic and endowed with Travel Notes of Three Boys. In the last days, when Mu was in power, it was very hot. Zhang and he are attached to it, and a single pepper gives birth to a group of ministers. After breaking up, the initial test was very poor, and all three were admitted. After the imperial edict was issued, Shangshu went to see Pan Wengong. Pan Wengong asked him if he had seen Mu Zhongtang, and he said, "No." Wen Gong said in horror, "It's almost impossible to see me before I see Mu Xiang. "High-spirited ministers, but don't believe his words, don't go. The next day, it was suddenly announced that Luo was too young to get the position of Hengwen, so there was no need to send someone else. Everyone knows what Mu has done, and his power is like this. Shangshu is the only person sent back by the state government. In fact, both Zhang and He are younger than Luo. The years of the examination are Koro 19, Zhang 18 and He 17.
In the last years of Daoguang, Mu was the only one in charge of the five-port trade treaty. Since Wang Wenke was a coward, he prayed for Wen Duan to work hard, but Wen Duan was a junior in the military aircraft, and the ministers of the Han Dynasty could not decide anything, so Mu Yue succeeded. But the mystery knows the loyalty of Wang and Qi. Rumor has it that the game has been decided. After I went up and retired from the DPRK, I held the steps of the temple in my hands and didn't rest for a day and a night. But when the waiter heard the sigh, he missed five drums and suddenly stamped his foot and sighed. Screw into the temple, scribble on the paper with a brush and seal it tightly. Before the palace gate was opened, he ordered a servant to take it to the pivot yard, saying, "I'll give it to Zhang Mu as soon as he enters the straight road." And told it not to be known to Qi Juanzao, and sent it to the court to discuss and sign the contract with the ministers. Naturally, I am very unhappy. I abandoned the world.
In the last years of Daoguang, Wang Wenke of Pucheng tried to make peace, admonished dead fish and hanged himself. Its legacy system was strict and disintegrated, and Mu was afraid, which made his disciples pay a tribute of 1000 yuan and threatened sophistry, so he took its legacy system instead of making a draft. Everyone knows that Zhang Wenyi did it in Jingyang, but I don't know that it was decided by Wen Yiren Nie Yi. Nie Yufan, who took a tribute to the imperial examination, went straight to the Ministry of War, where he won the trust of Mu Xiang and received a large reward from Mu Xiang. Nie should try. During the trial period of does, Mu Xiang granted joints and sued four presidents and eighteen examiners. At that time, the examiner had a servant, who was from A Jin. Stubborn, I have never looked down on woody plants in my life. Mu told him that Yang promised to bear it. After entering the funeral home, Nie Juan was assigned to an imperial room to serve the palace and help others enthusiastically. The list is established, but I can't get rid of Nie Juan. I took the exam in the general affairs office and was shocked by my carefulness. The group knew that the servant had hidden it, so I searched for the legacy because of the discussion. When I arrived at an imperial court, the imperial court official said, "I didn't pay attention one night, which caused a roll to be burned." After the list was issued, I had to ask for discussion. Do you have to get what you want? " Everyone knows that there is nothing to do, but it is futile. Nie is also filling a vacancy at this age, so he should not try again. After Nie was sent to Taichang, Mu Bing was defeated and easily died of illness. Back to the bandits' chaos, Jingyang was first disturbed. Jingyang was the hub of northwest business travel and flourished in Asiana, so thieves followed it first. Many people seek to defend the city and discuss the accumulation of millet. Nie regards the official as the head of the gentry, saying that a thief can be fixed overnight, and the city will be kept forever, and the family will accumulate thousands of stones, which can be regulated and the price is good. Thieves take the initiative to eat bitter fruit, so the money they plundered is now in the city of Xiaomi, and they were invited to come. Try not to drop a drop into the city. Thieves besieged the city for more than a year, and the city ran out of food and grass and defensive equipment. Everyone was hungry and could not take the city. The city was besieged and lost tens of millions. Jingyang is not kept, and the northwest is tired. Hey, honey! What I did was a disaster! "The Man of Cowen" sold his father, but the later epitaph of Cowen was written by Zhang Mu, a word of which was not as good as his resourcefulness and discussion, but Cowen couldn't. Unofficial history in Qing Dynasty and Wild Riding in Ice House in Spring.
Ah tried to win over the principality, and every time he said in the prelude to the imperial palace that he had paid attention to it, it might be of great use. One day, Zheng Wen was summoned the next day. It's night, staying at Moody's, entering, and leading to a room with the supervisor, so it's not the usual time to get up. After noon, I didn't go to the right place. Russian imperial edict: "Come back tomorrow." Zheng Wen retreated to MuZhai. Mu asked how to play, and after the text was described, life was right and he waited for the place. Mu pondered for a while and asked, "Do you see the words hanging on the wall?" This text is wrong. Mu was disappointed and said, "What a pity." Because I hesitated for a long time, I called a servant and said, "You are in a hurry to send 420 silver to a prison. This belongs to the words he recorded on the wall somewhere, and this gold is also a reward." I'm still here because of Zheng Wen, so I can go in tomorrow morning. If you have to worship and find the jade sound, all the laws of the dynasties are hung in the wall. Therefore, play a symmetrical theme. And said to Mu: "You said you were careful when you were in trouble, and it really happened." Zheng Wen naturally wants to use it. "Banknote clearing, recommended category"
Wang Wenke of Pucheng was the official tripod, and in the last years of Daoguang, he tried to discuss the effect of remonstrating the corpse of a historical fish with peace (remonstrating the corpse of a historical fish: Dr. Shi Yu, Dr. Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period, failed several times). His illness was dying, and he ordered his son to be buried after his death, so that he could hang himself even if he died, but his will was strict and disintegrated. Mu was so scared that his disciples gave Wen's servants a thousand dollars and threatened them with dangerous words, so he took his inheritance instead of the draft. Everyone knows that it was done in Jingyang, but they don't know that it was done by Nie Yunding. Nie Ziyufan, who got the first class merit, went straight to the Ministry of War and won the trust of Mu Xiang. Reward him with Dakui (Dakui: refers to the first place in the court exam, that is, the champion). Nie is going to take the Beijing-Zhao exam (Beijing-Zhao exam: taking the township exam in Beijing, and winning the prize). And the examination of the Ministry of Rites (the examination of the Ministry of Rites: refers to the Beijing examination, presided over by the Ministry of Rites and Gong Shi, followed by the court examination), Mu Xiang awarded the contract and informed four presidents and eighteen examiners. At that time, there was a court attendant and examiner who was also from A Jin. He was stubborn, and he never looked down on Mu Xiang in his life. You must get Mu's instructions and Yang's promise. When entering the tomb, Nie Juan was properly divided into an imperial room, which served the imperial court (1 1) and was fixed at (12). The list has been established and cannot be rolled up. The steward looked at each other in amazement when he was in charge of the examiner. The ministers knew that he had been hidden by the servants and looked for a legacy because of the discussion. When I arrived at a court, the court official said, "I didn't want to leave one night, which led to a fire." After the list was issued, I had to ask for discussion. " If you wait for what you want, do you have to participate? "Everyone knows that there is nothing to do, but they return in vain. Qiu Yulin's Anecdotes of Qing Dynasty, Volume I, Republic of China
[Notes]
1 quarter year: last year. ② Full House: Manchu officials have the highest rank. It's urgent: something is in trouble. 4 bereavement: bereavement is bereavement. (5) Even thank the world: until death. 6 sigh: sigh. ⑦ Yang: superficial commitment. ⑧ 444444444441⑨: amazing. ⑩ ⒌ Use: gradually put into use. (1 1) Tim: refers to the box. (12) Ju: Hinge button with lock on the box.