In 22 1 year BC, Qin Gong swept Liuhe with great courage and talent and unified China. At the beginning of state affairs, Qin Shihuang traveled around the world, one was to patrol politics, and the other was "longevity" medicine. In 2 19 BC, Qin Shihuang toured the coast of the East China Sea for the first time and was fascinated. He recruited a large number of alchemists and asked about the immortals and medicines in the sea. An alchemist named Xu Fu wrote to Qin Huang: "There are three sacred mountains in the sea, named Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou, where immortals live. Please fast and beg with boys and girls. " The king of Qin was overjoyed and immediately issued a letter to recruit 3 thousand boys and girls. People with unique skills, carrying grain and other things, crossed the sea under the guidance of Xu Fu to "seek immortality".
Xu Fu, there are not many records about him in Historical Records. Now I only know that he is from Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province, and there is no record of any sailing experience. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor" contains: "The alchemist Xu Fu and others go to the sea to seek fairy medicine, and they are not allowed to be a few years old. It is a lie to say that Penglai medicine is available, but it is often eaten by mackerel, so I can't come. I sincerely invite those who are good at shooting to go with me and shoot them with a crossbow. " But chui fook after the second sea, unexpectedly disappeared. After 2200 years, Xu Fuxing has become an eternal mystery. Shi Sheng Sima Qian said that Xu Fu had reached "the luster on the plain". But where is this plain Guangze?
In recent years, Japan has made a breakthrough in the study of Xu Fu, and they authoritatively announced that the "Pingyuan Guangze" that Xu Fu visited that year was Japan; The Japanese royal family also proudly claimed that Xu Fu was the ancestor of the Japanese.
According to Japanese research, shortly after Xu Fu set out from Langya, Shandong Province, he encountered a big storm that lasted for several days at sea. The fleet was blown to the Korean peninsula, and after a short stay, it went south to Kyushu, Japan. After landing at Potous Wave in Shimonoseki City, Kumano Prefecture, Kyushu, Chui Fu entered the Zhuzi Plain via Wu Xiong. Xu Fu's men camped in Saga, the center of Zhuzi Plain, for 9 years, then returned to Kyushu Island, and arrived at Sunward, a city in Chihiro, where they stayed for 3 years. Later, he went to the hinterland of Ise Bay, entered inland Yuan Tan, where he became king, and finally died in the foothills of Fu Shang. The year of death is unknown.
Chuifu completed China's first voyage exploration, which is a feat in the history of human navigation. He brought the advanced farming, sericulture and medical technology of the Qin Dynasty to Japan, which greatly developed Japan's agriculture, aquaculture, textiles and medicine. Xu Fu is always remembered as an envoy of Sino-Japanese friendship.
Faxian traveled across the ocean to learn from the classics.
The great development of Buddhism in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties aroused the desire of monks to learn from Western learning, and Fa Xian was the first to bear the brunt. Fa Xian was a monk, traveler and translator in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and a pioneer of China monks studying in India. Gong was born in Pingyang Wuyang (now xiang yuan) around 337 AD.
In the third year of Longan in Jin 'an (AD 399), Fa Xian and other five people set out from Chang 'an (Xi 'an) and went west to seek Buddhist precepts. They traveled long distances, crossed the quicksand (generally referring to the desert in central Xinjiang today), crossed the green ridge (the Pamir Plateau, Kunlun Mountain and Karakorum Mountain), and reached the northern and central areas of Tianzhu.
Fa Xian studied in India for three years, studied Sanskrit and copied scriptures. He lived in the lion country (now Sri Lanka) for two years, looking for classics.
In AD 4 1 1, Fa Xian returned from Lion Country, taking the sea road across the Straits of Malacca by boat, bypassing the Southeast Asian Peninsula, and then heading north. He boarded a returning China merchant ship, drifted for 90 days at sea, arrived at the foot of Yepo in the southwest of Guangzhou, stayed for five months to wait for the monsoon, and then took another merchant ship and set off for home. After nearly three months of sea bumps, it reached the border of Changguang County, Qingzhou, Shandong Peninsula. After Faxian returned to China, he translated the Sanskrit Buddhist classics into Chinese, with more than one million words, and edited the experience of traveling to more than 30 countries at that time into a book "Buddhist Story". This book is not only a masterpiece to study ancient Chinese and foreign traffic, but also an important document to study the history of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and other countries.
Fa Xian/KLOC went abroad in 0/4 and traveled to more than 30 countries. He not only brought back Buddhist scriptures (later translated into 6 volumes and 24 volumes), but also compiled what he saw and heard abroad and the experience of resisting the wind and waves at sea into Fa Xian Zhuan (also known as Story of the Buddha Country and Story of the Buddha Traveling to Tianzhu). ), which provided important historical materials for understanding Southeast Asian countries and sailing, and also laid the foundation for Zheng He's seven voyages to the West.
Fa Xian is a pioneer of China's Maritime Silk Road and an important figure in China's maritime history.
Jian Zhen Duri
Jian Zhen monk (688 ~ 763) was born in Jiangyang County, Yangzhou (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). /kloc-became a monk at the age of 0/4. At the age of 26, he was already a famous legalist master. In the winter of the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), Rong Rui and Pu Zhao, Japanese learning monks, went to daming temple, Yangzhou to pay their respects to Jian Zhen, and invited the great monks to Japan to preach Buddhism.
In the second year of Tang Tianbao (743), Jian Zhen led 2 1 disciples of Daoxing and Situo to prepare for the eastward crossing. However, Rong Rui and Zhao Pu were falsely accused as pirates by fellow monks and searched by the government. However, Jian Zhen still decided to go to the East again, pay for a boat and sail down the Yangtze River, but it failed again because of the heavy wind and waves. Jian Zhen was still unwilling, and his third trip to the East was still in the making, and he was aborted because he was tipped off. In the winter of the third year of Tang Tianbao (744), Jian Zhen led more than 30 people, including Rong Rui, Zhao Pu and Stuart, to the south secretly. When I first arrived at Zen Forest in Huangyan County, Zhejiang Province, I was surrounded by officers and men, and my fourth trip to the East was ruined.
In June of the seventh year of Tianbao (748), 35 people, including Jian Zhen, Rong Rui and Zhao Pu, set out from Yangzhou, sailed eastward, left the Yangtze River estuary, stayed in Santai Mountain in Yuezhou for more than a month, and then sailed to Xiafeng Mountain near Zhoushan Islands. By the middle of 10, the ship set sail from Xiafeng Mountain and sailed eastward. After drifting to the southernmost tip of Hainan Island, he followed the businessmen to Zhou Zhen (now Yaxian County, Hainan Province) and then returned to the north. When passing through Duanzhou, Rong Rui died of illness. On the way, the monk Jian Zhen was overworked and improperly treated, and became blind. Back in Yangzhou, I am still preparing for the next opportunity.
In October of the 12th year of Tang Tianbao (753), Jian Zhen was 66 years old and blind, but he still promised to go to Japan with the group. On the evening of 29th, Jian Zhen and his party of 24 people joined the fleet of Japanese envoys in Tang Dynasty at Huanglingpu (now Huanglingpu, Changshu, Jiangsu) and embarked on the sixth trip to the East. In addition to the boatmen, there are 18 monks and 85 jade workers, painters, embroiderers, calligraphers and engravers on board, as well as a large number of scrolls, spices, medicinal materials and necessary food and daily necessities. After two months' arduous voyage, monk Jian Zhen finally arrived at Qiuyiwupu (now Jinfang Qiumu Village, Kawabe County, Kagoshima County) in Addo County, Japan, and arrived at Nanpu Port, the departure port of the Japanese envoy fleet sent to the Tang Dynasty, in February of the following year.
From 743 to 754, after 1 1 year, Japanese monks went to Jian Zhen six times. It was really hard, and I suffered many hardships, and finally achieved the goal of traveling to Japan and promoting Buddhism. Jian Zhen brought advanced China culture to Japan and made selfless contributions in Japan.