1. 10 Precursors and manifestations of mild depression;
1, depressed:
This is the most important feature of patients with depression. The light person is in a bad mood, distressed and sad, and sighs all day long. Serious people are depressed, pessimistic, desperate and suicidal.
2. Lose interest:
Loss of interest in daily life, lack of fun in all kinds of entertainment or pleasant things. Lighter people try to avoid social activities; In severe cases, people live alone behind closed doors, alienate relatives and friends and stop socializing.
3. A strong sense of fatigue:
Persistent fatigue with no obvious reason. Lighter people feel tired, unable to do their job, and lose enthusiasm and initiative in life and work; The worst thing is that you can't even take care of eating, drinking and personal hygiene.
4. Physical symptoms:
Depression patients often have biological symptoms such as loss of appetite, weight loss, sleep disorder, sexual dysfunction, and day and night mood swings, which are very common, but not every case appears.
5. Negative pessimism:
My heart is very painful, pessimistic and desperate. I feel that life is a burden, and it is not worth nostalgia. Seeking liberation by death will produce strong suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Step 6 think slowly
The patient's thinking association speed is slow, the reaction is slow, the thinking is blocked, and he consciously "the brain is like a rusty machine" and "the brain is like a layer of paste". Clinically, we can see that the active speech is reduced, the speech speed is obviously slowed down, the voice is low, and it is difficult to answer. In severe cases, communication cannot be carried out smoothly.
7, sleep disorders
The typical sleep disorder is to wake up early, 2 ~ 3 hours earlier than usual, and then stop falling asleep and fall into a sad atmosphere.
8. Energy loss:
Energy loss, fatigue, washing, dressing and other small things in life are all difficult and difficult. Patients often use "nervous breakdown" and "frustrated ball" to describe their illness.
9, self-evaluation is too low:
Patients tend to belittle their abilities too much and look at their present, past and future with a critical, negative and negative attitude, which is neither good nor right. They say they are useless and their future is dark. Strong sense of self-blame, guilt, uselessness, worthlessness and helplessness. In severe cases, the concepts of self-guilt and hypochondriasis may appear.
10, cognitive impairment:
Studies have shown that people with depression have cognitive impairment. Mainly manifested in recent memory decline, attention disorder, prolonged reaction time, increased alertness, poor abstract thinking ability, learning difficulties, poor language fluency, spatial perception, hand-eye coordination and poor thinking flexibility. Cognitive impairment leads to social dysfunction and affects the long-term prognosis of patients.
Second, why do people get depression?
In today's society, people's study and life pressure is gradually increasing. Some introverted and fragile people often induce depression due to various factors, such as husband and wife quarreling, work difficulties, interpersonal tension and so on. Some patients with depression get sick after some kind of mental shock, but some patients may get sick naturally without any mental inducement. Depression doesn't happen for no reason. Systematically, the root of people's depression lies in:
1, genetic factors
It is found that the occurrence of depression is closely related to genetic factors, but depression is not a genetic disease. Depression has certain genetic factors. Emotional psychosis and depression are mainly influenced by heredity, while depressive neurosis and reactive depression are influenced by personality and environmental factors.
2. Biochemical metabolism
At present, one of the most studied contents is neurotransmitters in the brain. This theoretical hypothesis comes from the study of psychopharmacology.
Clinical studies have found that the amount of metabolites of norepinephrine in urine of some patients with depression is significantly lower than that of the control group, which indicates that norepinephrine in their brains is reduced. When depression turns into mania, it is interesting that the elimination of this metabolite in urine increases, from which it can be seen that norepinephrine in the brain can reflect the symptoms of mania and depression.
Another study found that the contents of 5- hydroxytryptamine and its metabolites in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with manic depression were all low, indicating that the life metabolism of patients with depression was abnormal. Serotonin deficiency can be seen in patients with mania or depression, which is the same biochemical basis for their onset. When a person is manic, the activity of norepinephrine increases.
Some diseases can also cause depression, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and so on. Therefore, in principle, we should treat diseases and depression, keep healthy at all times, and pay attention to a balanced diet, wet exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction. When changing to a chronic disease, treat the disease with several levels of attitude, and colleagues should be angry. In this way, maybe the disease won't do much harm to our health.
3. Neuroendocrine dysfunction
According to the investigation, the function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with depression is abnormal, and the plasma sebum hormone and 17- hydroxycorticosteroids are higher than the normal indexes. After normal people received the trial dose of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, the amount of serum thyrotropin increased significantly, while patients with depression responded slowly or unresponsively to the test page turning. But not all patients have this symptom, so it is not certain that this is the cause of depression, and it can only be speculated that these neuroendocrine disorders may be related to depression.
4. Psychosocial factors
More than half of the first-time depression patients are caused by psychological and social factors. But it can be said that both depressive neurosis and reactive depression have psychological and social factors, and reactive depression is more obvious, because it is impossible to produce reactive depression without mental stimulation. However, we need to carefully examine whether the depressive episode of affective psychosis is related to mental stimulation.
5. Family factors:
Marriage problem is the direct trigger of depression for many people. It is especially important for children. Stress and even violence in the family have planted a time bomb for the outbreak of depression in adolescence/adulthood. ?
6. Economic level:
Contrary to the so-called "common sense", the lower the income, the easier it is to get depression. In China before urbanization, the incidence of depression in rural areas was much higher than that in cities, which was reflected in a few research reports and the high suicide rate in rural areas recognized by the government. This situation has been reversed by the large-scale urbanization process in recent years. Many research reports believe that the suicide rate in China has dropped sharply in recent years, which is attributed to the urbanization process. What will happen in the future is unknown. ?
7. Gender differences:
The number of female patients is three times that of men. In addition to physiological factors, girls have to bear other pressures, such as serious sexual assault, which may be very common in different degrees and may be the focus of some schools of psychotherapy. The average income of women is low, and women will face some inequalities in heterosexual relationships. In the process of growing up, women are under extra pressure from social families. There may be differences between women and men in self-esteem, self-concept and social coping style, which are risk factors for depression.