Ten years of confrontation between China and the United States;
Nanchang Uprising: time: 65438+August 1, 0927; Leaders: Zhou Enlai, He Long; Meaning: Here we go.
The first shot of armed resistance against the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang was fired, which marked the independent leading position of China * * * Production Party in armed struggle and armed creation.
The establishment of the people's army and the beginning of armed seizure of political power.
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression:
193 1 year, the Japanese launched the September 18th Incident and occupied the northeast of China.
1937 The Lugouqiao Incident marked the beginning of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Faced with the threat of Japan's full-scale war of aggression against China, the two parties stopped the civil war and formed an anti-Japanese national United front.
The Kuomintang government organized several major battles in the frontal battlefield, such as Shanghai Battle, Taiyuan Battle, Xuzhou Battle and Wuhan Battle. The Hundred Regiments War commanded by Peng was a large-scale battle in which the troops of China and China in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression actively attacked the Japanese army.
The Japanese invaders slaughtered more than 300,000 Japanese soldiers and civilians in Nanjing.
1August 945 15, Japan declared its unconditional surrender and China won the Anti-Japanese War.
The background of Wang Anshi's political reform:
1, sharp social contradictions: class contradictions: land merger, heavy taxes, years of war, natural disasters. Ethnic Contradictions in Peasant Uprising: Song Liao and the Song and Xia Dynasties were constantly at war. Contradictions within the ruling class
2. The formation of poverty and weakness.
Weakness means that the army's combat effectiveness is weak. Reason: The emperor concentrated military power and became law.
Poverty is a heavy financial burden for this country. Reasons: redundant staff, officials and expenses.
3. Celebrate the New Deal.
Center: rectify the official management.
Result: Failure. Infringement of the interests of big bureaucrats and big landlords met with strong opposition (failure reason).
Henan historical and cultural knowledge:
Henan is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and it is named Henan because most areas are south of the Yellow River. More than 2,000 years ago, it was Yuzhou in the center of Kyushu, China, so it was called "Yu" for short, and also known as "Zhongzhou" and "Central Plains". Henan is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation.
Longmen Grottoes, one of the four largest grottoes in China, is located in the southern suburb of Luoyang13km. Because the east and west mountains are opposite, the Yi water flows through them, which looks like a door, so it is also called "Yi Jue".
After the Tang Dynasty, it was often called "Longmen". Because the rock mass where Longmen Grottoes are located is excellent in stone and suitable for carving, the ancients chose to dig caves here. The grottoes began to be excavated from Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 47 1 to 477), and it took more than 400 years to be built, including the climax of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It has a history of 1500 years.
Baima Temple, located in the east of Luoyang City, Henan Province/0/2km away from Kloc-0, is the first temple built after Buddhism was introduced into China, and is known as the "source of Buddhism" and "ancestral hall". As the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Luoyang was the largest city in China and a world-famous metropolis at that time.
Shaolin Temple is located in the northwest of Dengfeng City 15km at the foot of Shaoshi Mountain in Songshan Mountain. So it was named "Shaolin Temple", which means "a temple hidden deep in the dense forest under Shaoshi Mountain". Founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Shaolin Temple is the birthplace of Zen and Shaolin Wushu.
Jokhang Temple was founded in the sixth year of Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty (AD 555), formerly known as Jianguo Temple. According to legend, it was originally the residence of Xin Lingjun, the son of Wei in the Warring States Period. Later, the temple was destroyed by war and rebuilt in the second year of Tang Jingyun (AD 7 1 1). In the first year of Yanhe River (AD 7 12), Tang Ruizong changed the name of the temple to Dasuoguo Temple and inscribed the name of Dasuoguo Temple to commemorate his becoming emperor from Wang Xiang.