Speaking of the modern history of Shenyang, the ancient fifth middle school is a long story. In today's Shencheng education circle, although the external name of No.5 Middle School is not as loud as that of provincial experiment and northeast education, it is "big brother" in terms of qualifications! This school was founded by Zhao Erxun, a man of the hour in China's modern history and the last governor of the three northeastern provinces in the Qing Dynasty.
The year created by No.5 Middle School is precisely a sensitive node in China's modern history. 1905, hundreds of thousands of armies from two imperialist powers, Japan and Russia, launched a blood shed in the northeast of China, which was called the "Russo-Japanese War" in history. No.5 Middle School broke ground in the troubled and turbulent times of the Chinese nation and gave birth to a new life in history. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, the voice of saving the country and surviving is getting louder and louder. Reforming the imperial examination system and implementing school education became the general requirement of people of insight at that time. By the 31st year of Guangxu (A.D. 1905), many government officials jointly called for stopping the imperial examination and running schools, which was approved by the Qing court. At this point, China's imperial examination system, which lasted more than 1300 years, was abolished, and the recruitment of imperial examinations was completely separated from school management.
According to the Records of Fengtian Tongzhi,1September, 905, under the order of Zhao Erxun, the general of Shengjing, more than 30 old houses of Tongyushu, headed by an adult alley outside the north gate of Shengjing, were rented as school buildings (now the address of the fifth middle school) and Fengtian ordinary school was opened, with Yang Xinshe as the inspector (principal). 1February, 906, it was renamed as Fengtian Middle School, with a five-year schooling system and more than 80 additional school buildings, with Dai, Zheng and Zou Dayong as inspectors successively. 1909 38 new buildings were built, and the original rented Tong Yushu house was returned. In the second year (19 10), it was renamed Feng Xuetang, 38 buildings were built, and more than 50 official banks and private houses were added.
Ge Lan, a Chinese teacher in No.5 Middle School, said that the road on the south side of No.5 Middle School Gymnasium is still called "Middle School Road". "No.5 Middle School stood out in the background of western learning spreading to the east in the late Qing Dynasty. It is a modern school established from top to bottom and implementing the earliest school education in Northeast China. " Ge Lan said. 19 15 In May, Fengtian Education Products Exhibition published by Fengtian Book Publishing House was a compilation of excellent articles on Chinese examination in schools in Liaoning Province at that time, and 4 1 was selected into Feng School (No.5 Middle School), among which 19000 was described in detail in the article "Starting School in Fengtian Middle School" written by Li Derun, a student from Class 6.
Li Derun's "Fengtiankai Middle School" is full of patriotic feelings. Now extract: the sea is flowing, the world is boiling, and the whole world is gnashing its teeth and sharpening its knives. And the situation is very dangerous. It's a close call. The north is rebellious and the south is in danger. Britain, France and other countries want to get their hands on the Central Plains. Looking up at the difference between mountains and rivers, the real situation is in jeopardy and people are worried. We can't help but look at it angrily, and Muransi hopes that this graduate can also see the prosperity of the school, and he will feel infinite vicissitudes. Is to remember. The primary school of Fengtian Normal School lasts for five years, and the courses include Confucian classics, Chinese, foreign languages (including English and Japanese), history, geography, arithmetic, natural history, painting and gymnastics. 1906, the school has 6 teaching and administrative staff, with teachers 1 1 person. The first mayor in the history of Shenyang, once had discipline as a school teacher.
Zeng Youji (1870- 1936) was born in Honglingbao, southern Shenyang. 1909 or so, Ji is the president of Fengtian Education Association. 1923, on the recommendation of Zhang, Ji was appointed as the mayor of Fengtian Municipal Office (equivalent to the first mayor in Shenyang history) and the director of Fengtian Electric Light Factory.
As soon as Ji became mayor, he planned to rectify the market, widen the roadbed, build painted roads and open up tram lines, all of which were highly effective. The city scale of Fengtian City has laid a solid foundation through several determined reforms.
He has trained a number of famous figures in the modern history of China, among whom Yang Yuting is the most representative. Yang Yuting (1885- 1929) was a scholar at the age of 19. 1905 was admitted to Fengtian General School (now Shenyang No.5 Middle School), 1906 went to study in Japan. He was the first student in Liaoning Province to study in Japan. Later, due to political differences with Zhang Xueliang, he was shot in the Tiger Hall of Dashuai House. 19 13, the number of students in Laowu Middle School increased to 18 (class), and in the same year it was renamed feng tian No.1 Middle School, with 20 classes and more than 800 students. During this period, the talents of No.5 Middle School came forth in large numbers and became famous. At that time, the number of teachers in No.5 Middle School was the highest in Liaoning Province, with a group of outstanding educators and scholars such as Che, Jin Yufu and Yan Shushi as the backbone.
According to the classmate records printed by Fengtian Tongda Publishing House on June 1929, it is clearly recorded that Zong Ying is the principal, Yan Shushi is the math teacher and Che is the moral education teacher.
Che Sean (1897- 197 1), a native of Faku County, Liaoning Province, is a famous educator and patriot. 1928 worked as a moral education teacher in No.5 Middle School and participated in the May 4th Movement which shocked China and foreign countries.
He founded several civilian schools, actively mobilized and organized the masses to carry out anti-Japanese patriotic activities, and trained and brought up a large number of revolutionary intellectuals. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he went to Yan 'an and was received by President Mao Zedong. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as Minister of Education of Northeast People's Government and Vice Governor of Liaoning Province, and died at 197 1.
Jin Yufu (1887- 1962), a famous expert in literature and history, was born in the last eight families in Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province. After 19 16, I worked as a history teacher in No.5 Middle School. After 1920, he served as director of education department of Heilongjiang province, director of Changchun electric light factory, secretary general of Liaoning provincial government and director of education department. He devoted himself to collecting and sorting out historical materials in Northeast China, and successively compiled books such as General History of Fengtian, General History of Northeast China and History of Chinese Historiography. He is an accomplished scholar in the field of historiography, especially in the study of Northeast history.
Yan Shushi (1905- 1963), a native of Shenyang, is a famous educator, composer and patriot. 1928 worked as a math teacher in No.5 Middle School and once formed the first amateur music group in Northeast China. Many of his songs have been compiled into middle school textbooks and widely sung. Since 1927, he has composed and starred in six small and medium-sized operas, such as Mountain Flowing Water and Stormy Night. The famous patriotic song "Flowers in May" has been sung all over the country for a long time.
Under the word-of-mouth and strict control of these famous scholars and educators, elite students from No.5 Middle School have emerged in large numbers, and the wealth of talents has attracted worldwide attention. Among them, Jin Enqi and Tong are the most outstanding graduates from No.5 Middle School.
Ma Erqin (1892- 1969), formerly known as Yinglin, was born in Shenyang. He treasured two guqin and was often addicted to playing alone, so he named himself "Erqin". After graduating from his bachelor's degree, he studied under the famous doctor Zhang Zhixiang at that time, studied medical classics intensively, and had many insights. In the early 1920s, he became a famous doctor in Shenyang. Later, he served as the medical officer of Fengtian city (in charge of Chinese medicine examination), the president of Fengtian Chinese medicine society, and founded the earliest medical magazine in Northeast China, Fengtian Medical Journal, which had a great influence on the medical community at that time. After 1948, Ma Erqin was hired as the director of TCM research group by China Medical University, and he was the first TCM professor in China. Up to now, medical students have to refer to his works and textbooks for graduate students and doctoral students.
Jin Enqi (1894- 1948), a native of Fushun, Liaoning, graduated from No.5 Middle School. 1922 co-founded the famous Bawangsi soda plant with the famous patriotic industrialist Zhang Zhiliang, and later served as the chairman of Bawangsi Beer Soda Company. He participated in the Fengtian Linjiang Diplomatic Support Conference for Japan, mobilized tens of thousands of citizens in Shenyang to hold demonstrations, initiated the establishment of the Liaoning National Diplomatic Association, participated in the formation of the Northeast People's Anti-Japanese National Salvation Corps, and actively carried out anti-Japanese national salvation activities.
Tong (1900- 1983) is a famous architect and architectural educator. 19 17 was admitted to No.5 middle school. 1925 Tsinghua University went to the United States to study after graduation, and entered the Department of Architecture of the University of Pennsylvania with a master's degree. He once worked in an American architectural design firm, then returned to China to engage in teaching and research, and presided over the design of Nanjing Foreign Ministry Building and Shanghai Zhejiang Industrial Bank. About 100 projects participated in the design, including Nanjing Capital Hotel and Shanghai Jincheng Grand Theatre. In architectural creation, he opposed imitation, insisted on innovation and progress, and mainly engaged in theoretical research in his later years.
The darkest day in the history of No.5 Middle School
After the September 18th Incident, the school closed for more than a year. 65438+April 1 0933 Re-opened the school and enrolled a class of students. 1935, recruit two classes and recruit three classes. In the same year, the school building was destroyed by fire and the school was closed. 1937 resumed classes and was renamed as Fengtian Provincial Middle School. 1939 changed to Fengtian Local Staff Training College; 1944 changed to preparatory school for students studying in Japan. This period became the darkest period in the history of the fifth middle school education.
1937, Japan announced the so-called "new academic system" in Northeast China. The "new academic system" stipulates that secondary education should set up national institutions of higher learning, with a study period of four years. This kind of education system aims at lowering the national cultural level and is the further implementation of the slavery education policy. After 1939, the school was changed to Fengtian local staff training institute and preparatory school for students studying in Japan, turning this school into a place for training traitors and lackeys.
The Puppet Manchukuo announced the abolition of all textbooks, and the school curriculum was temporarily taught by the Four Books and the Classic of Filial Piety, and it was stipulated that the educational purpose was to "emphasize benevolence and righteousness, stress comity, promote kingly way" and "be close to neighbors and save * * * honor". At this time, most of the teaching staff in No.5 Middle School were Japanese. After the "August 15 th" recovery, Shenyang began to vigorously run education and run schools calmly. No.5 Middle School regained its popularity and was renamed No.11 Middle School in Liaoning Province. The rectification of the school has produced a good school spirit and is now developing vigorously. In September, 1946, No.5 Middle School was changed to Shenyang No.1 Middle School. 1March, 949, changed to Shenyang No.5 Middle School. Wang Zhen, the head of Beiguan District, is also the principal. The academic system is still junior high school and senior high school, each with three years of study. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, after 195 1 was restored to a complete middle school, the three-year academic system of junior high school and senior high school has been adopted.
In the early 1950s, school teaching basically followed the old teaching methods. Teachers talk mechanically in class, students listen passively, and there is little room for thinking. Later, the school organized all teachers to study Kailov's pedagogy systematically, and gradually used the teaching theory spirit of the former Soviet Union to teach. Starting from 1958, the school engaged in educational revolution, criticized Kailov's pedagogy, and emphasized "how to save it as soon as possible" in teaching.
1962, the school was designated as a key middle school in the city. Before 1966, students must pass a strict entrance examination. 1966' s entrance examination system was cancelled. 1968' s classes resumed, and students entered the school nearby.
1978, No.5 Middle School moved to the first batch of provincial and municipal key middle schools and resumed the three-year academic system of junior high school. Students are selected on the basis of examination results, and the whole city is unified in examination and the whole region is unified in filing.
At the end of 2000, the municipal and district governments decided to completely transform No.5 Middle School on the spot, making No.5 Middle School a model experimental high school with "first-class scale, first-class facilities and first-class quality" in the whole province.
The renovation project of No.5 Middle School broke ground on August 29th, 2000, and the main teaching building of the new No.5 Middle School was completed in September, 2002. After the renovation, the school area has been expanded from 28 100 square meters to 59,600 square meters, and the building area has been expanded from 20,000 square meters to 56,500 square meters. The number of students in school has increased from 27 classes 1300 to more than 2600 in 48 classes.
In a hundred years, President Jin said with emotion when commenting on the history of No.5 Middle School: "Looking back on the history of No.5 Middle School for a hundred years, I deeply feel that in the tortuous and colorful century of No.5 Middle School, it is always a firm ideal to motivate students to study hard and educate a strong country; It is the persistent pursuit of self-improvement; It is the enterprising spirit of being brave in struggle and striving for first class; It is a humanistic force of unity, diligence and harmony! No.5 Middle School has opened up the atmosphere of school education in Northeast China and is the representative school of school education in Shenyang. Wuzhong witnessed the modern history of Shenyang! "