1 preface
Life on earth began to exist from water, and it is because of water that human society can develop to this day. Therefore, no matter how human society develops in the future, we can't live without water. But it is also an important issue in the management of rivers, lakes and oceans. It is precisely because of the emergence and development of water conservancy engineering industry that disasters such as floods have been avoided and the safety of people's lives and property around them has been guaranteed. Due to the increase of population, economic development and the increase of buildings around rivers, lakes and seas, the construction and reinforcement of dikes and their quality and safety are more important. Of course, dike construction technology is developing better and better, and great progress has been made. In the following, several dike structure types and quality assurance measures are put forward, and some water conservancy construction measures are put forward, hoping to make the development and innovation of water conservancy dikes and promote the development of water conservancy engineering industry in China.
2 the importance and role of dike construction in water conservancy projects
As the source of life, water is also the foundation of human life and world development. Without water, human beings can't live normally, even related to human survival. It can be converted into a variety of energy sources and promote the development of the country. Liquid water is mostly in the natural state, so it is difficult to convert it into other energy, which leads to many problems. In addition, improper management of it will also bring floods and affect people's safety and economic property. Therefore, water conservancy construction can solve these problems and use water resources conveniently and effectively. Therefore, water conservancy projects have also been highly valued. Water conservancy projects are mainly flood control, and flood control is inseparable from dike projects, so dike projects are more important. The main function of dikes is actually to retain water. In fact, it has been widely used for a long time. Its function can be summarized as blocking floods, storing energy and promoting social development. Because its function is very important, it also has strict requirements. For example, it can resist earthquakes well and has strong impermeability. Its quality must pass, so as to better prevent seepage, ensure the stability of the dike and put an end to potential safety hazards.
3 water conservancy dike construction technology
3. 1 construction technology of cutoff wall
Concrete cutoff wall technology is the most common cutoff wall construction technology. Because its use value and construction effect are very good, and the material it needs is concrete. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring technology, we should also pay attention to the quality of concrete. There is something wrong with the quality of materials, and no matter how good the technology is, it can't guarantee the quality and safety of the whole project. This kind of concrete construction technology is just one of many technologies, it is a big name, and its construction methods are also many. The following are the more common ones:
3. 1. 1 plastic wall-forming technology
Plastic concrete can be said to be an indispensable part of concrete construction technology. This plastic plastic concrete wall technology is briefly introduced. It is impossible to complete the construction task normally by oneself, and it must be assisted by drilling technology. However, for the existing dike structure, the drilling technology can be used to drill accurate holes at suitable positions, and then plastic concrete can be poured according to the holes. This can achieve the firmness of the dike, and also has certain safety and stability.
3. 1.2 vibration wall-forming technology
In the construction of water conservancy projects, vibration wall-forming technology is also widely used. For this technology, it can also be well realized, and external factors cannot affect the technology. For this technology, it is mainly its vibration frequency, so the correct vibration frequency can ensure its effectiveness and find the accurate design position. Only in this way can the concrete pouring work be more convenient, not easy to make mistakes and give full play to its role.
3. 1.3 impact grooving technology
This technology is also a commonly used method, which mainly aims to obtain holes by impacting at appropriate and accurate places; Then the material is poured, which effectively increases the overall firmness and stability. This method is still very important in the construction of concrete cutoff wall, and the construction effect is very obvious.
3.2 Split grouting technology
Split grouting anti-seepage technology belongs to high pressure grouting consolidation anti-seepage technology. Due to high-pressure grouting, cracks appear in the soil layer of the dam, and slurry can be poured into the cracks, thus strengthening the cutoff wall and ensuring the seepage resistance of the whole dam. The concrete technology is to use split grouting on the embankment, then arrange holes along the axis, and finally split the embankment soil layer and inject high-concentration slurry, thus forming a more dense impervious layer. No matter which defective part of the dike, split grouting construction technology can be used to make up for leakage and enhance the stability of the dike. In addition, the split grouting construction technology has many advantages. Generally, her construction time is short, the speed is fast, and the difficulty is not great, and the requirements for construction materials are not too much, which not only saves time, reduces the construction cost, but also prevents some potential safety hazards, so it is a very good technology for dike construction technology of water conservancy projects.
3.3 High-pressure injection technology
High-pressure jet technology, as its name implies, mainly uses high pressure, then injects slurry into embankment, and then forms an organic whole through stirring. After the slurry is hardened, it plays a role in leakage prevention and increases its firmness. This technology also has some advantages. It does not need complicated equipment, but it has high construction efficiency and can be widely used.
3.4 Filling construction technology
In the process of dike reinforcement, filling construction is the most important. Before construction, it is necessary to clean the embankment foundation according to the design requirements, including the sundries and garbage on it. Moreover, the scope of cleaning should be clear before construction, so it is not easy to make mistakes. For the cleaning step, it is necessary to find the cleaning line of the embankment surface. If it is a new dike, it must be in strict accordance with the requirements of the design base. For the old dike, it is mainly to clean up the sundries on it. After cleaning, it needs to be compacted, and then the preparation work begins. In this process, the compactness of soil should be guaranteed as required to ensure and improve the quality and effect of the project. The earth embankment is filled by reverse pushing method, which can improve the benefit. Pay attention to the thickness of each layer when discharging, and control it well, generally 30cm is appropriate. When filling, water content is an important factor, which should be strictly controlled to ensure the normal filling project. Too high or too low water content will affect the filling effect, but if this happens, some measures need to be taken to ensure the construction effect. When it is too high, you can take the method of drying; If it is low, it can be solved by sprinkling water properly. After the filling is completed, the next slope repair construction is needed. In the process of slope repair, attention should be paid to every detail to ensure the construction quality and avoid potential safety hazards. When every step is carefully done and strictly meets the requirements of the design scheme, not only can the quality be guaranteed, but also the effect is great. Thereby being beneficial to improving the flood control construction effect of the dam. The embankment is the most important, and the quality of the embankment is closely related to the technology. Therefore, both technology and professional quality of personnel need high requirements.
3.5 Compaction technology
After paving, it needs to be compacted. Compaction is mainly to ensure the quality of the dike and the benefit of the whole project. There are two ways to pass the engineering compaction degree: layered paving and compaction, and the next rolling work can only be carried out after the layered paving and compaction are qualified. In the compaction operation of the whole dike project, the rolling test must be carried out before the operation and recorded accurately, so as to accurately control the loose laying thickness of each layer, the driving speed during the rolling process and other related indicators. In the general compaction process, the speed is generally 2km/h, and it is rolled for 3 times. After completion, it is necessary to carry out inspection, find out the unqualified places and start construction again, so as to better ensure the construction quality and improve the degree of compaction.
4 embankment construction quality control and its safeguard measures
4. 1 Quality control of embankment foundation and bank slope
Dike foundation is an important part of water conservancy project, which plays a major supporting role and is also the foundation of dike. If we only observe it from the surface, we can't really see its function, let alone reflect its function. It is precisely because of this problem that if it is not detected, it is impossible to find the problem only by the observation of the construction personnel, so it cannot be corrected in time, which will lead to some safety accidents or hidden dangers. Therefore, in the process of dike construction, every link should be responsible for the construction as required, even if the problems in the construction process are solved, quality management should be done at the same time. Therefore, the management work in the construction process is particularly important, which plays a supervisory role, standardizes the operation, and combines the design requirements to ensure the qualified rate of each index. 4.2 Filling quality control In order to give full play to the role of dike engineering in resisting floods, it is necessary to require the dike to have strong compressive capacity. The construction quality of the whole project is accumulated bit by bit by the quality of each link, so if you want to have the quality of the whole project, you must control each link well. This work requires the joint efforts of construction personnel and management personnel. The first step is to ensure the cleanliness of the surface, and a certain cleanliness can ensure that its wettability is suitable enough. The second step is to strictly control the depth and density, followed by unloading and filling. For the supervision of soil quality, it is more necessary to meet the requirements of construction design. For filling, in addition to its material requirements and the cleanliness requirements of the filling part, there are also problems of speed and equipment design. Most people will think that these are trivial things, but in fact, every link is essential. The accuracy, standardization and safety factor of each link affect the quality and benefit of this project more or less. The filling speed, whether too fast or too slow, affects the quality and efficiency of this filling process. For the equipment needed for construction, we should also check it regularly to avoid some data errors and delay the construction period.
4.3 Engineering Appearance Quality Control
For any building, including water conservancy dike project, the first thing that catches your eye is its appearance, so the appearance work is also a particularly important part, which involves the aesthetic feeling of the project. Reasonable modeling can also ensure the structural quality and stability of the whole dike. For example, some building overpasses have both aesthetic feeling and great use value. Therefore, these problems should be considered in the design scheme before construction and attached great importance to in the construction process, so as to strengthen quality management and reach relevant standards. The appearance of the dike should first look neat, because it not only affects the aesthetic feeling, but also relates to the quality and stability of the water conservancy project. Therefore, no matter how to pay attention to the construction problems, the appearance design work before construction, and pay off according to the plan, so that each link meets the design standards.
4.4 Choose a good construction unit and attach importance to engineering test.
No matter how excellent the construction scheme, advanced equipment and high-quality management personnel are, the construction unit should also complete the construction process. The construction unit is an indispensable part of the project construction and also affects the whole project. Therefore, for the selection of the construction unit, after the dike project is determined, the construction unit can be screened by bidding, and the indexes of the construction unit can be comprehensively investigated, so as to select the most suitable and best cooperative construction unit, which can further ensure the smooth progress of the project and lay the foundation for improving the quality of the dike. Including soil sampling test, filling construction detection, compactness detection, etc., to fully grasp the quality of dike engineering and provide reference for engineering quality control and improving construction effect. Most people think it is good to finish this project. On the surface, it seems that the project has been completed, and they often ignore a test of the project. Not only is the tested project not really finished. Engineering testing is still very important. Through inspection, we can find out the problems existing in that part of the whole project and the places that need improvement, so as to ensure the quality of the project, eliminate some potential safety hazards and promote the development of water conservancy projects.
4.5 Improve the organizational structure
The organization can be said to manage the whole project or the operation of the company, so it is necessary to improve the organization, increase a complete and reasonable management system and increase the guarantee for the project. Every construction worker should be conscientious, strictly in accordance with the work requirements, and the organizer should take the lead in management, so as to mobilize the sense of responsibility of construction workers, effectively ensure the maximum utilization rate of various construction technologies and improve the engineering efficiency. A sound system is also an important part. As the saying goes, there is no Fiona Fang without rules. Therefore, both the progress of the project and the development of the company need to have a perfect system, in order to better carry out construction and management and promote the development of water conservancy projects.
5 concluding remarks
To sum up, the correct application of construction technology is very important for modern water conservancy projects under construction. In the construction, we should accurately grasp the key points of each construction, treat every stage of water conservancy construction seriously and strictly, and don't cut corners for personal interests and build substandard projects. Water conservancy projects can play a great role in flood disasters. If the dike is not built, the protection will be lost when the disaster comes, and the consequences will be unimaginable. Therefore, we should strengthen some regulations on the construction and management of dikes in water conservancy projects. In order to build a safe, stable and solid water conservancy project, we should also strengthen the daily maintenance of water conservancy projects and reduce the leakage caused by improper dikes, which can also extend the service life of the dam. From this point of view, dike construction is a very important content in water conservancy project construction. In order to improve the quality of the project, every link in the construction must be strictly checked. Although this will slow down the construction progress, the quality of the project has been well guaranteed. In other words, our lives are well protected. It can also make water conservancy projects play a better role in daily operation. It also laid a solid foundation for social stability and the improvement of people's living standards. In the process of construction, flexible use of construction technology, good preparations in construction, to ensure that water conservancy projects play their due value, which indirectly proves that China's economy is constantly developing. Only by doing a good job in dike construction can we successfully complete one solid and practical water conservancy project after another.
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