The origin of county names
In Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty, Guiyi Township in Yongfu (Thailand) County was set up as Guide. In Changxing period of later Tang Dynasty (933), the King of Min ordered Tian to be promoted to county, and the virtue of "Guide" was adopted, so that the piano was spread to the whole people. Therefore, Dehua County was named and the temple was changed to the place where the county was governed (that is, the current site). According to legend, Liu, the first county official of Dehua in Song Dynasty, visited Dehua by Chen. When he saw the first two streams flowing eastward in the county, he said that he would change the second stream into a T-shape, and predicted: "The water is flowing, and the years are getting old." Hearing this, Lin Chengyi, the rich man of Yangmei, donated 500,000 yuan to buy a field to change into a stream, but the excavation was not completed. There was a rainstorm at night, and the flood came straight in, and the two waters merged, so "Dingxi was built overnight." So before the rule of Dehua County, Dingxi was named, and Chen, Lin and Shi were recruited, and Dehua was gentle. Someone copied a couplet: white porcelain reflects grass green, and the child is lined with flowers red. This reflects the characteristics of Dehua porcelain capital.
Edit the historical evolution of this paragraph.
Before the establishment of Dehua County, the territory belonged to Youxi County and Yongtai County. During Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (785~795), Guiyi Township of Yongtai County was located in Dehua County, which was subordinate to Yongtai County and took shape. After the Five Dynasties, in the fourth year of Changxing in Tang Dynasty and the first year of Qiongqi in Ming Dynasty (933), it left Yongtai County and returned to Dehua County, and then it was shipped out in the second year of Houjin and the third year of tomorrow (945). Dehua County belongs to the eastern capital of Fujian (now Fuzhou). In the second year of Ganwei in the later Han Dynasty, in the seventh year of Baoda in the southern Tang Dynasty (949), Youxi County was analyzed as Changping, and the second township in the city was under the jurisdiction of Dehua County, and it was the Qingyuan Army in the southern Tang Dynasty (now Quanzhou). Song belongs to Qingyuan Army, Pinghai Army and Quanzhou Army. Yuan belongs to Quanzhou Road, Quanningfu and Quanzhou Province. Ming belongs to Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. In the early Qing Dynasty, it followed the Ming system. In the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734), it was transferred to Zhili Prefecture, and Fujian Buzheng made Si Yongchun. During the Republic of China, it was under the fourth, sixth, seventh and ninth administrative supervision areas of Xingquan Yongdao (Lu Nan Road and Xiamen Road) in Fujian. 1949165438+1liberation on October 24th. It belongs to the seventh district of Fujian Province (later renamed Yong 'an District). 1950 10 was assigned to Jinjiang Special Zone; 197 1 year, Jinjiang District was renamed Jinjiang District, and Quanzhou City was established in 1985, and Dehua County is still under its jurisdiction.
History of Dehua ceramics
Dehua's porcelain industry has been fired on a large scale and widely distributed in the past dynasties. It is really spectacular. From densely populated chengguan to remote mountain villages, from fields to dense forests, ancient porcelain pieces and ancient porcelain kiln sites can often be found. White and colorful porcelain tiles are scattered on the earth like blue and white porcelain stars, and inlaid on the earth like pieces of white jade, which embellishes the green and lush mountain villages more beautifully. At present, the county has discovered 238 kiln sites from the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, and there are ancient kiln sites in 18 townships in the county. Among them, "Qudou Palace Dehua Kiln Site" (including Xunzhong, Longxun, Sanban and Gaide Kiln Sites in Song and Ming townships) was announced by the State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units/kloc-. Dehua began to produce and use ceramics as early as the late Neolithic primitive society. By the late Tang Dynasty, the porcelain-making industry of Dehua Class 3 and Sibin had begun to develop. Ceramic monographs "Ceramic Law" and "Drawing Meiling Map" appeared in the late Tang and Five Dynasties.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, with the development of overseas trade of commercial system engineering in Quanzhou Port, Dehua porcelain was exported overseas and became an important commodity on the "Maritime Silk Porcelain Road". During the Northern Song Dynasty, Dehua Kiln, represented by Wanbanglun Kiln, had the technology of making, molding and connecting tires with color wheel. Longyao fired a large number of celadon, celadon and white porcelain, mainly bowls, plates, cups, saucers, bottles, cans, pots, boxes, washings and vases, and a small number of black glazed tea bowls. The decorative methods are mainly carving, scribing and printing. The surface of porcelain is decorated with lotus petals, peony, cloud water, banana leaves, bouquets, and decorative patterns such as bamboo, chrysanthemum petals, sunflower patterns, wheat ears, and rolling grass. These products appear in Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places. By the Southern Song Dynasty, the firing technology of porcelain kiln had developed rapidly, and the white porcelain fired had a large volume, thin carcass, moist glaze color, high whiteness and strong transparency, reaching a high level. At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Dehua porcelain kiln was greatly improved, and a kind of "chicken cage kiln" appeared, which was between the dragon kiln and the ban kiln, and it was easy to control the burning flame. Since the Song Dynasty, the old reduction sintering technology has entered the stage of adopting the new oxidation sintering technology. 1976 excavated the Song and Yuan kiln site of Qudou Palace, with a slope of 57. 1 m and a kiln room of 17. More than 800 production tools were unearthed and 6790 samples of finished products and residual porcelain were found. The discovery of this kiln, especially the excavation of a large number of exported porcelain, is of great significance to the study of the firing scale, firing technology, kiln development, social economy, material and cultural development, economic and cultural exchanges and trade exchanges between China and foreign countries, and also fills the gap in Dehua Dragon Kiln.
In the Ming Dynasty, Dehua porcelain industry entered a new development period. The comprehensive development level in the aspects of object modeling, firing technology, product quality, production varieties, technology level and decorative art is far above that of Song and Yuan Dynasties. The porcelain sculptures represented by He Chaozong are world-famous, and are praised as "Oriental art" and "the treasure of the world" by Zhang Xi. The unique "ivory white" (simple white porcelain) is known as the representative of China white porcelain and enjoys the reputation of "China white" and "the pearl of international porcelain". In particular, the porcelain carvings of Taoist and Buddhist figures have realistic shapes, elegant styles and unique artistic charm, reaching the peak of Dehua kiln's ancient technological achievements. In the Ming dynasty, Dehua kiln also had new innovations. At first, semi-inverted-flame kilns appeared in the whole country, which burned a lot, saved fuel and controlled the burning flame easily. This kind of kiln spread abroad, which had a great influence on the progress of international porcelain kilns. In the Qing Dynasty, Dehua underglaze blue-and-white porcelain competed with each other, and blue-and-white porcelain replaced Bai Jian's main position. There are many kinds of blue and white flowers, and the contents of pattern painting are extensive, including historical stories, figures and ladies, production activities, social customs, animals and flowers, landscapes and religious decorations. The picture is bright, quiet and elegant, the brushwork is simple and rough, the composition is simple and stretched, and it is full of life breath, showing the color of folk kiln or the beautiful and elegant or rich and gorgeous network, which has created a new era of Dehua kiln colored porcelain. Its popularity abroad is no less than that of colorful porcelain daily utensils and furnishings emerging in the Qing Dynasty.
After the late Qing Dynasty, with the decline of feudal dynasty and foreign aggression, China's urban and rural economy suffered serious damage, and Dehua porcelain industry declined. However, a few folk artists, such as Su and Xu Youyi, insisted on making porcelain, inherited the tradition and pioneered and innovated in difficult times, and their works were still highly praised. 19 15 years, Su first molded porcelain plum blossom and won the first prize of Panama World Expo. Later, Xu Youyi's porcelain sculptures such as Mulan Joining the Army, Guan Gong and Guanyin won gold medals at international and domestic fairs held in Britain, Japan and Nanjing respectively. 1930, Xu Youyi's porcelain sculpture "Five Hundred Arhats" was specially built for Longji Temple in Xianyou, with different shapes and vivid movements, and it was also the first treasure in China porcelain altar.
After the founding of New China, Dehua porcelain industry was reborn. Especially since the reform and opening up, the porcelain industry in this county has entered a new development period. 1999 There are more than 80,000 ceramic enterprises in the county, and three ceramic product systems, namely traditional porcelain carving, western industrial porcelain and daily-use porcelain, have been initially formed. A number of famous ceramic enterprises have also emerged, such as Mei Jia Group, Guanfu Group and Shunmei Group. This has also led many large enterprises to set up branches in the United States, Germany, Britain and other countries. 200 1 The output value of ceramics in the county is 3.8 billion yuan, accounting for 69.72% of the county's total economic output, and the tax payment of ceramics industry accounts for 50. 1 1% of the county's total tax revenue. In 2003, the output value of ceramics reached 5,365.438 billion yuan, and that of export delivery value reached 4,265.438 billion yuan. During the period of 1993, Chairman Li Peng wrote the inscription "Dehua Famous Porcelain, Pearl of China", which highly summarized the influence and position of Dehua Ceramics in China. 1March, 1996, Dehua county was named "the hometown of ceramics in China" by the rural development research department of the State Council Development Research Center and other units. Since the reform and opening up, Dehua people have given full play to the four advantages of mountains, water, mines and porcelain, vigorously implemented the development strategy of Daguan, and successfully embarked on a road of economic development in mountainous areas. The county's national economy has developed rapidly and healthily, and social undertakings have made all-round progress. After 1996 was named "the hometown of China ceramics" by the State Council Development Research Center, it was named "China folk ceramics" in 2003. Now it has formed a ceramic county with porcelain carving as the main part and tea sets and tableware as the main part. Now Dehua porcelain sculptures are famous all over the world, and the output of Dehua tea sets accounts for about 70% of the country, which has played a powerful role in promoting tea culture in China.
Former site of revolutionary activities
The former revolutionary site of Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China is located in Kunban Village, Shuikou Town.
1943, when the Kuomintang die-hards wantonly "encircled" the revolutionary base areas, the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China in Daiyunshan National Nature Reserve moved from northern Fujian to central Fujian in order to conceal its strength. 65438+ In February of the same year, Lin Dafan, secretary of the Central Fujian Working Committee, led more than 20 guerrillas to Maocuo and Sakhalin Island. 1944 from the end of the month to February, the guerrillas of the provincial party Committee came to cherry blossoms one after another. 18 bamboo shed and two playgrounds were built on the dog-shaped mountain in Banli Niuliaokeng. After the provincial party committee moved to Sakhalin Island, it set up several strongholds in Daxi, Yongchun and Ba Du in Nan 'an, Dehua, linking the bases of northern Fujian, northeastern Fujian, Fuzhou, Yongtai, Datian, Puxian and Jinnan Association in central Fujian. During this period, Banli Village once became the center of revolutionary activities in the whole province. The provincial party committee held a provincial party committee meeting here to study the rectification documents. The provincial party committee founded the publication "tenacious struggle". Counterfeit money seized by guerrilla raids on Hanjiang Bank of Communications in Putian County was also taken to Sakhalin by the provincial party committee and sent to underground party organizations in northern Fujian, northeastern Fujian and Fuzhou. I also contacted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China by radio once here. And organize the people in Maocuo and Banli villages to resist taxes. Provincial organs lived in Sakakou for four months,1June, 944, and moved to Xianyou East Lake in three batches.
The former site of Qishan Hall Revolution is located in Maocuo Village, Shuikou Town.
194 1 Winter Solstice Day 1949 The underground party of the Central Fujian of the Communist Party of China launched a revolutionary struggle in Maocuo, and Qishan Hall was one of the revolutionary strongholds in Maocuo. Guerrillas led by * * stayed here from May 1945 to February, 65438+. In July of the same year, a mass meeting was held in Qishan Hall to commemorate the 24th anniversary of the founding of the Party. In September, a mass meeting was held here to celebrate the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1in March, 949, the Communist Party of China Virtue Working Committee set up a command center in Qishan Hall to carry out the activities of "raising funds with guns and arming the armed forces". Later, due to the needs of revolutionary work, the Yongde County People's Guerrilla and the leader of the Yongde County People's Guerrilla General Command were established. During the guerrilla struggle in the border area of Yongde County, a command organization was set up in Qishan Hall.