Xuanwu Lake was called Sangbo in ancient times. It turned out to be just a swamp wetland formed by faults, and the lake came from the northern foot of Zhongshan. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, the king of Wu, introduced water into the back lake of Gongyuan, and Xuanwu Lake began to form a lake. Xuanwu Lake is also called "Houhu" or "Beihu" because it is located in the north of Yanque Lake and Miyagi. After Qin Shihuang destroyed Chu, Jinling was changed to Moling County, and Xuanwu Lake was renamed Moling Lake. Because Jiang, a captain of Moling in Han Dynasty, was buried in this lake, Sun Quan named it "Jiangling Lake" to avoid his grandfather's anonymity. In the early years of Liu, Song, Yuan and Yuanjia, Xuanwu Lake was dredged on a large scale, and the dredged silt accumulated into an island on the water. The largest of these islands are Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou, which are collectively called "Three Gods Mountain". Perhaps this is the predecessor of Liangzhou, Zhou Huan and Yingzhou in Xuanwu Lake today. According to legend, in the twenty-five years from Liu Song to Yuan Dynasty (448), the "Black Dragon" appeared in the lake twice (probably the present Yangtze River Flower), so it was renamed Xuanwu Lake. During the Six Dynasties, Xuanwu Lake was a paradise for feudal emperors. Song Daming built a forest garden on the lake in three years, and built a music garden and a garden on the south bank. During the period of Qi Daming, Emperor Wudi often went hunting in the middle of the night, or went to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum or Shogunate Mountain, accompanied by tens of thousands of ladies-in-waiting in strict clothes. When he came back at dawn, he only heard a cock crow. This is the origin of the sentence "The jade in Xuanwu Lake is leaking, reminding me that chickens crow and embroider". Up to now, there is also a place name that crows near the city gate of Wu Miao. Xuanwu Lake in history is also the central base for training and reviewing the water army. When Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty was on the lake twice, he also called it Kunming Lake and Lianhu Lake, but the folks called it Yinma Hall. In the ten years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, when looking at the Junhu Lake, banners covered the sky, drums and horns roared, with 100,000 soldiers and 500 ships, which was spectacular. Later generations sang, "500 ships and 100 thousand soldiers climbed the mountain to read the army array." You know, warships should be stone cities with teeth. Autumn sky on the lake, the branches of silk and bamboo, and the drums on the river head. "Xuanwu Lake has been destroyed twice in history, once during the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty and once during the reign of Song Shenzong. In 589 AD, after Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen Nan, he ordered to level Jiankang City, taking Stone City as Jiangzhou capital, and changed it to Danyang County when Emperor Yangdi was in power. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yangzhou House was moved from Jinling to Guangling, and the establishment of Nanjing House was once cancelled. As the capital moved northward, Xuanwu Lake was gradually ignored or even abandoned. This place is no longer used as a place for singing, dancing and military parade, but used as a release pool. The glory of Xuanwu Lake disappeared for the first time in more than 200 years. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said: "Spring grass grows when the country dies, and there is no ancient hill when you leave the palace. After the empty lake, the waves sigh for Jiangzhou; In the ninth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (A.D. 1076), Wang Anshi was transferred to Jiangning Prefecture, and advocated "returning lakes to fields". Since then, the nightmare of Nanjing being hit by the rain has been lingering. After Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, made Nanjing his capital, it greatly expanded the scope of Nanjing. Xuanwu Lake became a moat outside the northeast wall of Nanjing, and the lake surface was only 1/3 of that of the Six Dynasties. In addition, in Zhongzhou (Liangzhou), a yellow book library was built as a forbidden place for the Ming government to store the national household registration, and ordinary people were not allowed to enter casually. At that time, people had "Yingzhou is close at hand and going to Qi, and the island is in the air." This is a fable, only castles in the air have low sunsets. 19 1 1 year, Xuanwu Lake was turned into a park, then Xuanwu Gate was opened and a green rainbow embankment was built to connect the lake. Xuanwu Lake has become a famous tourist area in Nanjing. 1964, the gate was rebuilt in the style of Daming Lake in Jinan, and has been preserved as a scenic spot symbol ever since.

Century review

The history of Xuanwu Lake can be traced back to the pre-Qin period more than 2220 years ago. Xuanwu Lake from pre-Qin to Western Han Dynasty in 22 1 BC was called Moling Lake and Jiangling Lake respectively. During the Southern Dynasties, Xuanwu Lake entered its heyday in history. The name of the lake was changed to "Xuanwu" because of the layout of the four emperors and gods, and because the so-called "black dragon" appeared twice in the lake during the Song, Yuan and Jia Dynasties. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Liang Dynasty, Xuanwu Lake successively had the names of Kunming Lake, Yinmatang Lake, Lianhu Lake, Xiwu Lake and Lianwu Lake. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, Xuanwu Lake gradually declined as the capital moved north. In the eighth year of Song Xining (1075), Wang Anshi, the magistrate of Jiangning, allowed Song Shenzong to dredge the lake and increase the land, so Xuanwu Lake disappeared for more than 200 years. Xuanwu Lake reappeared on the map of Nanjing after two dredges from Dade in Yuan Dynasty (130 1) to Zheng Zheng in three years (1343). The fate of Xuanwu Lake changed again in the Ming Dynasty. In the 14th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (138 1), Zhu Yuanzhang chose Xuanwu Lake as the storage place of the Yellow Book of the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty, and built the Houhu Yellow Book Store (equivalent to the current Central Archives). Xuanwu Lake has been isolated from the outside world as a forbidden area for more than 260 years. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, Xuanwu Lake was reopened to the outside world, where Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited and left poems. After Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Xuanwu Lake had some garden buildings. Zeng Guofan, Governor of Liangjiang River, rebuilt Liangzhou Lake Temple and built a pavilion, Daxianlou, Guanyin Pavilion and Lotus Hall in the middle of the lake. In the late Qing Dynasty, Minister Zuo also built a long dike connecting Guling and Liangzhou, which solved the inconvenience of "going out from the emergency door and making the boat go" when visiting Xuanwu Lake. In the first year of Qing dynasty (1909), Duan Fang and Zhang Kaimen (now Xuanwu Gate) built new dikes, expanded the green space in the lake, and built Taogong Pavilion and Hushan Sightseeing Building. During the Republic of China, Xuanwu Lake began to have a corresponding management organization, and it was renamed "Wuzhou Park" in September 1928. 1In April, 934, Wuzhou Park was renamed Xuanwu Lake Park, which further expanded the green area and increased the variety of flowers. Xuanwu Hall, Nona Tower and Shanghai Anti-Japanese War Memorial Tower have been completed one after another. After liberation, the people's government carried out a large-scale expansion and transformation of Xuanwu Lake, moved out of the lake people, planted flowers and plants extensively, added more scenic spots, and took on a new look. Now it is a demonstration site of civilized scenic spots in Jiangsu Province, an environmental protection education base in Jiangsu Province, a three-star park in Nanjing and an environmental protection education base for teenagers in Nanjing. At the end of 2005, the scenic spot won the title of national AAAA-level tourist area.