Guqin is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China with a very long history. Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting were once the four skills that ancient China literati were proud of, and they were also the four arts. Among them, Qin Le is the oldest and longest-lasting form of instrumental music in the history of China, with a verifiable history of 3,000 years.
The fate of Jiangxi Guqin is changeable and has a long history. As we all know, it was once called Jiangxi Poetry School in Song Dynasty, but it also had the reputation of Jiangxi Qin School in the art field, and it became three major piano art schools in parallel with Shi Jing Qin School and Zhejiang Qin School at that time. The development of cultural and artistic destiny in Jiangxi has strong regional characteristics, and the group characteristics of cultural and artistic talents are extremely remarkable. In the field of literature in Song Dynasty, Jiangxi Poetry School is very famous, and Jiangxi Qin School in the field of art also has a long history of development. Two thirteen-stringed guqin of the Warring States Period were unearthed from the hanging coffin tomb of Longhu Mountain in Guixi Salt Water Rock, Jiangxi Province. It can be seen that the ancient Vietnamese ambassadors in Jiangxi at that time had been exposed to this art form. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the story of Jiangxi poets Tao Yuanming and Wu Xianqin "has nothing to do with secular luck, but heaven loves autumn mountains" has long been a household name. Although there are no strings, they also have their own touching interests. With the continuous development of Jiangxi's regional art and culture, until the Song Dynasty, many pianists appeared in Jiangxi, thus forming a genre of guqin in Jiangxi that can be compared with Shi Jing and Zhejiang.
The moon rises and the sandalwood is ethereal. In Deyintang of Qingshan Lake District, the provincial capital, a song "Running Water" jingled like a total annihilation. Commentator Wang Youwen said that the sound of the piano is heroic and it is the style of the Sichuan school. So, what is the style of the legendary "Jiangxi Qin School"?
A cup of tea, a column of sandalwood, "Jiangxi Qin School" is true or false.
Zhao Yili, a pianist in Sui and Tang Dynasties, commented on the two schools of Wu and Shu:' Wu Sheng is quiet and graceful, and if the Yangtze River overflows, it will have the wind of a national scholar. The sound of Shu is impatient, the waves are as urgent as thunder, and it is not handsome for a while. "Obviously, before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were two factions, Wu and Shu. Then, since the Leiqin in Shu in the Tang Dynasty was famous all over the world, there were also popular family wishes and Shen Jiasheng in the early Tang Dynasty, and the pianist Dong and Xue in the late Tang Dynasty were good at playing Hu Jiashi's two books, but the vivid records were not as good as those in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Guqin flourished again in the Song Dynasty.
Since Zhao Guangyi and Song Taizong, pianos have been regarded as imperial edicts in the court. Once, "it was added as a nine-stringed piano and a five-stringed Ruan, so it was not a new score of 37 volumes", and it was ordered as an imperial edict. Trapped by Jin Ge Tiema, Song Huizong even collected the world's most famous pianists, recruited court pianists, and established the "Wanqin Hall", making "Spring Thunder" and the ancient Qin Dynasty of Zhongshu in the Tang Dynasty the first town hall. If the emperor is like this, it will naturally work. The emergence of Jiangxi Qinpai has political conditions.
In the undercurrent of Xining for three years, Prime Minister Wang Anshi persuaded Song Shenzong to implement the young crops method; At this time, Ceng Gong was 52 years old, and Ren Yuezhou was sentenced to Shaoxing, Zhejiang today; Ouyang xiu gradually walked out of the political storm because of his opposition to the young crops law; Thirty-five-year-old Su Shi asked for the recall of Wang Anshi in order to "go to the emperor again"; Huang Tingjian, 28, was appointed as the county magistrate of Yexian County, Henan Province. Although these people hold important positions, or are about to retire, or sharp-edged, or inexperienced, they are ups and downs in the political whirlpool, but almost everyone's life has been endowed with brilliant songs of poetry and piano.
According to Wang Youwen, a large number of ancient books recorded that in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was Qin Ge who touched the piano and sang. The biggest difference between Jiangxi Qin School and other Qin schools is that Qin Qu and Qin Ci are sung while touching the piano at hand. Therefore, the leader of the literary world in the Northern Song Dynasty is from Jiangxi, and the Jiangxi Poetry School in the Southern Song Dynasty is dominant, which is an important condition for the initial rise of the Jiangxi Qin School.
In the fifth year of Li Qing, Ouyang Xiu was demoted to Chuzhou, Anhui. During his two years in Chuzhou, Ouyang Xiu was called "Drunken Weng" and often drank with friends in Langya Mountain. In the seventh year of Li Qing, the mountain monk Zhi Xian built the Zuiweng Pavilion, and Ouyang Xiu's masterpiece Zuiweng Pavilion became famous all over the world immediately. Ten years later, Shen Zun, a pianist and doctor of Taichang in the Northern Song Dynasty, continued to write "The Drunken Pavilion". In the first year of Jiayou, at a banquet hosted by Ouyang Xiu, Shen Zun played a song "Drunken Weng Yin", which amazed the four people. Later, Ouyang Xiu wrote lyrics for Shen Zun's Ode to the Drunken Man, but the lyrics were not ideal.
In the era of Song Zhezong, another pianist joined the story of "The drunkenness is not the sake of wine" and became the "textbook" of Jiangxi Qinpai. This man is Cui Xian.
"Nankang County Records" records: "Cui is idle, honest and mature, does not study hard, has a clear mind, and entertains himself with the piano. He built a house and slept in buddhist nun at the foot of the mountain, claiming to "meet a Taoist".
Cui Xian is very interested in the rhyme of this poem, and regrets that there are no lyrics in The Drunken Man's Drinks. He asked Su Shi for it and finally set the score. Later, Cui Xian not only visited celebrities and scholars to write lyrics for more than 30 pieces of piano music he created, but also included The Drunken Man. The piano music of Jiangxi Music with harmonious lyrics and extremely rich playing techniques can be described as a masterpiece. Cui Xian's "Jiangxi Pu" is eclipsed by the imperial court's "Gepu" and "Zhejiang Pu" because of its unique lyrics and songs. Wang Tan, a pianist in Qing Dynasty, commented in On Words Without Words: There are two kinds of musical scores handed down, one with words and the other with sounds without words. Wang Tan said that there is a music score, which is Cui Puxian. Ye Mengde, a representative of a poet from Du Nan, said, "Cui Xian is good at playing the piano. He has played more than 30 songs. He wants to dream of his own words. This is his school in the Song Dynasty. "
Then, why is the "peak period" of Jiangxi Qin School evaluated as "frivolous"?
In the Yuan Dynasty, Jue Yuan gave Huang Yiran the answer in Qin Shu. It turned out that the music used by the royal family in the Song Dynasty was hidden in the secret cabinet. After Emperor Taizong and Zhao Guangyi, this system was gradually abandoned. When I arrived in Huang You, the piano score re-entered the secret hall. Although there were many folk music books at this time, it was officially stipulated that music books without the permission of Sheng Da Yuefu were not allowed to enter the palace. In Shaoxing, there is even a situation of "no need to wait for the letter". These regulations made Jiangxi Genealogy have a folk foundation, but later Jiangxi Genealogy was too mixed with folk, so it tended to be vulgar.
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangxi's music score was opposed by the Zhejiang School, which advocated pure musical instruments, and some of the essence of the music score was absorbed by the Zhejiang School, which led some musicians who studied Jiangxi's music score to switch to the Zhejiang School. Since the founding of the Ming dynasty, the literary world has been suppressed and kept silent, and the guqin gradually became active during the Jiajing period. Although Chongzhen, the last emperor, once collected talents to write lyrics for Qin music, Jiangxi school was unable to return to heaven because of too many lyrics. To make matters worse, Jiangxi Piano School failed to assess the situation to improve Jiangxi scores. Even if Qin music became popular again in the early Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi school could only remain silent in the world.
Rao Guoping, an expert in local chronicles and genealogy, said: "Wu Cheng, a scholar in Chongren, Jiangxi Province in the Yuan Dynasty, said in Preface to Li Tianhe, a pianist," Jiang Cao's right to speak in the world is also declining. "It shows that Jiangxi Cao was still welcomed by the world in the Yuan Dynasty, and this low evaluation continued after the Yuan Dynasty.
The famous song "Running Water" is given to aliens, and the strange sound from Ning Fei is eternal. Zhu Quan was originally the favorite son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and was sealed in Nanchang after "Jingnan". So Nanchang also forged an indissoluble bond with Zhu Quan. "Legacy of Ancient Times" and "Mysterious Spectrum" highlight the royal genes in his blood. About 600 years later, Master Guan played "flowing water" with the first piano of the Ming Dynasty, which became the whimsy of the earth people looking for a cosmic bosom friend.
After Judy acceded to the throne, she broke the promise of "sealing the country by choice" and was doomed to be banned from Nanchang for life, so there was a little-known "ancient legacy" in the guqin industry. At the age of thirty-five, the royal family finished compiling "The Legacy of Taikoo" and "The Magic Secret Spectrum".