Woodwind instruments: flute, (piccolo), oboe, (British pipe), clarinet and bassoon.
Woodwind instruments originated very early and evolved from folk mud flutes and reed flutes. Woodwind instrument is one of the most abundant musical instruments in the musical instrument family, which is often used to express the scenes of nature and rural life. In the symphony orchestra, whether as an accompaniment or a solo, it has its special charm and is an important part of the symphony orchestra. Woodwind instruments mostly produce music by air vibration, which can be roughly divided into lip singing (such as flute) and spring singing (such as clarinet) according to the way of sound production. The material of woodwind instruments is not limited to wood, but also can be metal, ivory or animal bones. They have different timbres and distinctive features. From beautiful and bright to deep and gloomy, everything is available. For this reason, in the band, woodwind instruments are often good at shaping various vivid musical images, which greatly enriches the effect of orchestral music.
(1) lip singing: flute and piccolo;
(2) Reed: clarinet, oboe, English horn, bassoon and saxophone.
Brass instruments: French horn, trumpet, (cornet), trombone, (tenor), (bass) and tuba.
The forerunners of brass instruments are mostly trumpets and hunting horns. The number of copper pipes used in early symphonies was very small. For a long time, the symphony orchestra only used two horns, and sometimes a trumpet was added. Until the first half of the 19th century, brass instruments were widely used in the symphony orchestra. Brass instruments have different pronunciations from woodwind instruments. They don't change the pitch by shortening the air column in the tube, but by changing the air pressure of the player's lips and connecting the instrument itself with an "additional tube". All brass instruments are equipped with cylindrical horns with similar shapes, and the pipes are long conical. The timbre of brass instruments is characterized by grandeur, brilliance and enthusiasm. Although the timbre has its own characteristics, the grand and wide volume is the common feature of brass instruments, which is beyond the reach of other types of instruments.
String instruments: violin, viola, cello, double bass.
String instruments are an important branch of musical instrument family. In classical music and even modern light music, almost all lyric melodies are played by strings. It can be seen that softness and beauty are the common characteristics of all stringed instruments. The timbre of stringed instruments is unified and has multi-level expressive force: the ensemble is full of passion, and the solo is gentle and graceful; And because of the variety of bow skills (trembling, breaking, plucking, jumping, etc. ), it has a smart color. The pronunciation of stringed instruments depends on mechanical force to vibrate the taut strings, so the pronunciation volume is limited to some extent. String instruments usually play different sounds with different strings, and sometimes it is necessary to press the strings with your fingers to change the length of the strings, thus changing the pitch. Phonologically speaking, stringed instruments are mainly divided into bowstring instruments (such as violin) and plucked stringed instruments (such as guitar).
(1) Bowstring instruments: violin, viola, cello, double bass;
(2) plucked instruments: harp, guitar, electric guitar, bass; .
keyboard instrument
In the keyboard musical instrument family, all musical instruments have a common feature, that is, the keyboard. However, their singing styles are subtly different. For example, the piano belongs to percussion instruments, the organ belongs to reed instruments, and the electronic synthesizer uses modern electroacoustic technology. Compared with other musical instruments, the keyboard instrument has incomparable advantages, that is, it has a wide range and can emit multiple tones at the same time. For this reason, keyboard instruments, even as solo instruments, have rich harmony effects and orchestral colors. Therefore, since ancient times, keyboard instruments have been concerned and loved by composers and music lovers. Among them, the piano is known as the king of musical instruments.
(1) Keyboard instruments: piano, organ, accordion, electronic organ, electric piano.
Percussion instruments: timpani, drum, snare drum, cymbals, drum set, triangle, sand hammer, Zhong Qin, xylophone, chime, etc.
percussion instrument
Percussion is probably the oldest instrument in the family. Its family members are numerous and have their own characteristics. Although their timbre is very simple, and some sounds are not even musical, they play a decisive role in rendering the musical atmosphere. Generally, percussion instruments make sound by knocking, rubbing and shaking the instrument. Don't think that percussion instruments can only strengthen the strength of music and prompt the rhythm of music. In fact, there are quite a few percussion instruments that can be used as melody instruments! Modern orchestras have added many exotic percussion instruments to African and Asian music, and it is almost impossible to list them completely.
(1) Tuned percussion instruments: timpani, xylophone;
(2) atonal percussion instruments: small snare drum, big drum, triangle drum, tambourine, castanet, Malaga, cymbals and gong.