Thailand has a history and culture of more than 700 years, formerly known as Siam.
In 1238, the Sukhothai dynasty was established and a relatively unified country began to form. It experienced Sukhothai Dynasty, Dacheng Dynasty, Wuli Dynasty and Bangkok Dynasty.
Sukhothai in northern Thailand is the capital of Sukhothai Dynasty (AD 1238- 1356), the first independent dynasty in Thai history. Sukhothai means "Happy Dawn" in Thai, but it was originally a city under the jurisdiction of Angkor in Cambodia. Later, the local Thais revolted, attacked the city and plundered the land, and established the founding dynasty of Thailand here. According to historical records, Thailand was prosperous during the Sukhothai dynasty, and its territory far exceeded its present territory. Especially when Emperor Lan Ganxing was in power, Thai and the earliest Songjialuo ceramics industry were founded in Siam, which opened a new era in Thai history. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Prime Minister Chen was defeated and occupied the city. Later he turned to Siam and died in Siam.
Dacheng period
The Yuan Dynasty was a powerful country and determined to develop outward. Southeast Asian countries have paid tribute to the Yuan Dynasty, and Thailand is no exception.
1350, King Wu Tong established his capital in Ayutthaya, declared his independence from Sukhothai Kingdom, established Ayutthaya Kingdom, and soon annexed Sukhothai Kingdom, and was made King of Siam by China in the Ming Dynasty. 1767, the Burmese army captured the big city, and the big city was destroyed. There were 33 monarchs in the heyday of 4 17.
In the first year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty, Cheng Zu gave Siam a seal of Wang Jinyin, and the king of Siam also sent envoys to give thanks.
When Zheng He went to the West, many people stayed in Siam. In the early Ming Dynasty, China's overseas activities were very frequent. Cheng Zu of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He to lead the fleet to seven voyages to the West. Siam, located in the sea passage from Vietnam to Malaysia, is a must. At that time, Chinese businessmen were already living in Southeast Asia. Ma Huan, who accompanied Zheng He to the Western Seas, wrote a book entitled "The Victory of Siam Seen from English Teeth", describing the situation of Siam: "The country is thousands of miles away, the mountains are rugged and the inland is humid. There is almost no barren soil for farming, and the climate is not right, either cold or hot. The house in the king's official residence is quite gorgeous and tidy. People's houses are built like buildings, but they are demolished like bamboo buildings with betel nuts, and the dense pendulums are firmly tied with rattan. Spread a rattan bamboo mat and the bamboo will lie on it. He dressed up as a king, with a white cloth on his head, no clothes on it, a bread handkerchief and brocade around his waist. Ride an elephant or sit in a sedan chair in and out. One person holds an umbrella with a golden handle, made of grass leaves, which is very good. Wang Chongxin teaches Buddhism. Many people in China are monks and nuns. Buddhist monks and nuns wear the same colors as China. I also live in a temple and fast. The custom is that women are in charge. The king and his people, if there is any discussion about buying and selling everything, this is their wife.
Since16th century, it has been invaded by colonialists such as Portugal, Holland, Britain and France.
Monarchs in big cities have been influenced by Khmer culture from the beginning. They are no longer benevolent and approachable monarchs like the parents of Sukhothai dynasty, but autocratic emperors and adopt the title of God King. In the early period of this period, the rule of big cities extended to the neighboring principality of Thailand and clashed with neighboring countries. /kloc-in the 7th century, Siam began to establish diplomatic and commercial relations with western countries.
1767, Myanmar invaded and successfully captured the big city. Although the Burmese won, their rule over Siam did not last long. The young General Zheng Xin and his entourage broke through the encirclement of the Burmese and fled to Jianquan. Seven months after the fall of Dacheng, he and his army returned to the capital by boat, driving away the defenders of Myanmar and recovering Dacheng.
Wu Li's swallowing period
After the Ayutthaya kingdom was destroyed, Zheng Xin rebuilt the kingdom and moved its capital to Wuli. General Zheng Xin decided to move the capital from a big city to a place near the sea, which was not only beneficial to foreign trade, but also ensured the purchase of weapons, and was also convenient for defense and retreat to prevent Myanmar from attacking again. He established a new capital in Tunwuli on the west bank of Chao Phraya River. Zheng Xin's rule was not smooth sailing. After the fall of the big city, the lack of central authority led to the rapid disintegration of the dynasty, and the rule of unifying various governments in Zheng Xin was destroyed.
Bangkok period
After the death of Zheng Xin, General Chakuri became the first king of Chakuri Dynasty, namely Rama I, and his reign was from 1782 to 1809. His first act after he ascended the throne was to move the royal capital from Dun Ngari to Bangkok across the river and build a magnificent palace. Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (1809-1824) continued the construction work. King Jessadabodindra (1824- 185 1) resumed contact with western countries and developed trade with China. King Rama IV (185 1- 1868) in The King and I concluded treaties with European countries to avoid becoming a colony and established modern Thailand. During his administration, many social and economic reforms were carried out.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, King V of Bangkok dynasty absorbed a lot of western experience to carry out social reform. From 65438 to 0896, Britain and France reached a compromise of interests, which indirectly made Siam the only non-colonial country in Southeast Asia.
King Chulalongkorn of Rama V (1869- 19 10) inherited his father's footsteps and carried out reforms to abolish slavery and improve public welfare and administrative systems. King Rama VI (19 10- 1925) reformed other aspects of compulsory education. During the reign of King Rama VII (1925- 1935), Thailand changed from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy.
1June, 932, the People's Party staged a coup and established a constitutional monarchy. 1938, Mao Piwen came to power, King Tai 1933 abdicated, and his nephew King ananta Mahidol succeeded Rama VIII (1935- 1946). 1June, 939, changed its name from Siam to Thailand, meaning "King of Thailand". From 65438 to 0939, the democratic political system was realized. 1On June 9, 946, Rama VIII was shot and killed in the palace. Bhumibol, who was only 19 years old, succeeded his brother and became Rama IX. The current king.
Siam tended to Japan in World War II, and was occupied by Japan in 194 1 and declared to join the Axis. 19411On February 7th, Japan launched the Pacific War, and Japan and Siam signed the Treaty of Japan-Thailand Offensive and Defensive Alliance. 1942 65438+1On October 25th, Thailand declared war on Britain and the United States, and Japan once ceded part of its land occupied in Myanmar and northern Malaya Peninsula to Siam. 1945 Japan surrendered in August 15, and Siam immediately declared the following day that "Siam 10/942 declared war on Britain and America invalid", and Siam's "declared war invalid" was recognized by the Allies. 1949 renamed Thailand. Thailand means "King of Thailand". Historically, Thailand can be proud that it is the only country in Southeast Asia that has not been colonized.
After World War II, Thailand became the main military ally of the United States in Southeast Asia. Thailand is also a pivotal country in Southeast Asia. Bangkok, the capital of China, is a metropolis with a high degree of internationalization in this region. In addition, Thailand is one of the founding members of ASEAN and actively participates in Southeast Asian affairs.