(Shandong Eighth Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, Rizhao 276826)
Shandong is a big province with mineral resources in China, and nearly 10,000 volumes of geological exploration results are extremely precious and rich. Through the comprehensive research and analysis of these mineral geological data, the energy minerals (oil, natural gas and coal) are described in detail. The resource distribution of metallic minerals (gold, iron) and non-metallic minerals (diamond) and their present situation of development and utilization are pointed out. The resource prospects of different minerals are of great significance to current and long-term resource exploration.
Shandong deposit; Geological data; Development and utilization
In the past 50 years, the state has invested heavily in the exploration, evaluation and scientific research of Shandong's mineral resources such as energy, metals and nonmetals, and found more than 2,000 important mineral occurrences, with a mineral 150 species and a resource reserve of 8 1 species. Nearly 10,000 volumes of extremely precious and rich geological exploration results have been obtained. Through the comprehensive study and analysis of these mineral geological data, the main energy minerals and minerals are put forward.
1 distribution, development and utilization status of three mineral resources
1. 1 energy and minerals
1. 1. 1 oil and gas minerals
Resource distribution: The distribution of oil and gas resources in Shandong Province is also extremely uneven. The Yellow River Delta, where Dongying, Binzhou, Dezhou (southeast), Weifang (northwest), Zibo (north) and Jinan (north) are located in northern Shandong Province, is the second largest oil production base in China at present. Followed by the west of Dongming County, Heze City, southwest of Liaocheng City, and 8 oil and gas fields have been discovered; Weibei oilfield was once again discovered in the north of Weifang city.
Shandong's oil and gas resources mainly exist in Cenozoic, and 95.5% of the proven oil reserves are concentrated in Cenozoic (of which 67.7% are concentrated in Paleogene). In addition, oil and gas are also distributed in Paleozoic, Neoarchean and Mesozoic, but the oil and gas reserves found so far are still relatively small. The regional distribution of natural gas varies greatly. The discovered natural gas reserves in southwestern Shandong are concentrated in Paleogene, while two-thirds of the discovered natural gas reserves in northern Shandong are concentrated in Neogene.
Status of exploration and development: Over the past 40 years, 79 oil and gas fields have been discovered in Shandong Province, with the accumulated proven petroleum geological reserves of 43.60× 108t, accounting for 9.30% of the national total, and the recoverable reserves of11.07×108t, accounting for. The proven geological reserves of hydrocarbon natural gas are 567× 108m3, accounting for 1.68% of the whole country, and the recoverable reserves are 2×14×108m3, accounting for 0.97% of the whole country. Shengtuo Oilfield in Jiyang Depression is the first oil and gas field in Shandong Province, and new oil and gas fields are put into development every year.
1. 1.2 coal mine
Distribution of resources: The coal resources in Shandong Province are widely distributed, and the total amount of resources is one of the rich provinces in eastern China. Most of them are distributed in Carboniferous-Permian, and the coal reserves account for about 94. 1% of the total coal resources in the province, while the coal resources of Lower-Middle Jurassic only account for 0.3%. Paleogene coal resources account for 5.6%.
Present situation of exploration and development: Shandong Province has a history of more than half a century since 1950 established coal exploration Professional Team. Old mining areas such as Taozao, Xinwen, Laiwu, Zhangqiu, Zibo, Fangzi and Guanqiao have been identified successively, and important coalfields such as Yanzhou, Feicheng, Jining, Ningyang, Yellow River North, tengxian, Guanqiao, Huangxian and Juye have been discovered. 475 geological reports and data were submitted. The proven reserves of coal resources in the province are more than 30 billion tons, most of which have been used for well construction and mining.
1.2 metal minerals
There are many kinds of metal minerals in Shandong province, and almost all kinds of metal minerals are distributed, mainly gold mines and iron mines.
1.2. 1 gold mine
Resource distribution: Gold mine is the dominant mineral in Shandong Province, which is rich in resources, has a long history of development, and its output ranks among the top in China. The gold resources in Shandong Province are composed of three types of gold deposits: rock gold, placer gold and associated gold in minerals such as copper and pyrite, among which rock gold is the main one, accounting for about 96.05% of the total gold resources in Shandong Province. Placer gold only accounts for1.78%; Associated gold accounts for 2. 17%. Gold deposits are widely distributed, and there are gold deposits, ore occurrences or mineralization points in 13 cities in the province. The identified resource reserves are relatively concentrated, mainly distributed in Zhaoyuan, Laizhou, Longkou, Penglai, Qixia, Mu Ping, Rushan and Pingdu in eastern Shandong. For example, a super-large gold mine was recently discovered in Laizhou, with proven reserves of 5 1.83 tons and potential value of nearly 8 billion yuan. There are more than 3,400 tons of gold potential resources in the three major metallogenic belts in Jiaodong, and the accumulated proven gold reserves are about 1 10,000 tons.
Present situation of exploration and development: Shandong gold mine has a long history of development. Since 1950s, especially since 1970s, the gold mining industry in Shandong has developed rapidly.
1.2.2 iron ore
Resource distribution: Shandong iron ore resources are widely distributed. The discovered and proven iron ore deposits (spots) are all distributed in Jinan, Zibo, Laiwu, Tai 'an, Jining, Linyi, Yantai, Weifang, Weihai and Rizhao. Of the 79 iron ore areas with proven resource reserves, 67 are located in western Shandong, and almost all large and medium-sized iron ore deposits in Shandong Province are located in this area, accounting for 70% of its retained resource reserves.
Present situation of exploration and development: Shandong Province is rich in iron ore resources and has a long mining history. Especially after 1990, in order to meet the needs of the rapidly developing Shandong iron and steel industry, iron ore production and construction have been strengthened and developed rapidly, forming the basic pattern of two iron ore production bases in Zibo and Laiwu and many collective mine sites.
1.3 nonmetallic minerals
Non-metallic minerals are the dominant minerals in Shandong province, with many types (there are more than 80 main minerals) and wide distribution. Among them, in addition to building stones, brick raw materials and other minerals, Shandong Province has a large amount of resources, a wide distribution, a high degree of geological work, and some non-metallic minerals with special properties and special uses are mainly diamonds.
Resource Distribution: The discovered primary diamond mines in Shandong Province are located in Mazhuang, Xiyu and Li Po villages, Mengyin County. Secondary dispersed diamond minerals are distributed all over the mountainous area of western Shandong, and occur in coarse and broken sediments of different ages.
Status of exploration and development: 1958 began to effectively mine diamond placer. Starting from 1968, underground mining and open-pit mining are carried out on dikeNo. 1 and the rock pipeline number is Mengyin County 1, and the accumulated ore has been mined from 1975 to 200 1.
2 Exploration and development prospects
2. 1 energy and minerals
2. 1. 1 oil and gas mines
According to the latest resource evaluation results and the possible increase of oil and gas resources in the future, it can be predicted that the prospect of petroleum exploration and development in Shandong is optimistic. It is predicted that by 20 10, the annual output of crude oil in Shandong will remain at about 2700× 104t by increasing proven reserves, putting into development one after another and improving the oil recovery of developed old oilfields. Natural gas: Dongpu sag is the most promising area to increase natural gas reserves in the near future. Baimiao gas field is the largest gas field in Shandong Province, which was found in Baimiao-Qiaokou area in the Shandong part of the depression. The proven reserves are 146.66× 108m3, and the scale of reserves is still expanding. Adjacent to Qiaokou Oilfield, the proven natural gas reserves are 83.24× 108m3, and there is also a good natural gas display in Huo Xin area south of Qiaokou. According to the evaluation of Zhongyuan Oilfield, it is predicted that Baimiao-Qiaokou-Huo Xin area has the prospect of realizing gas-bearing contiguous zone, forming 500× 108m3 natural gas geological reserves and becoming the largest natural gas field in Shandong Province. Limited by the geological conditions of the basin, the natural gas resources in other basins are not rich enough.
2. 1.2 coal seam
According to the results of the third coal prediction by Shandong Coalfield Geology Bureau, the shallow coal area below 2000m is 16433.2km2, and the total coal resources are 696x108t, of which the total area of the proven developed coalfields and sporadic coal-bearing areas is 64.44km2, and the accumulated proven reserves are 291.7/kloc-. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of various coalfields and prediction areas, the Carboniferous-Permian coal resource zoning in southwestern Shandong is the focus of recent and future work. In addition to developed areas, Juye coalfield is the focus, followed by Yanggu-chiping coalfield. These two coalfields have good indexes such as coal seam thickness, reserves and coal seam quality, relatively simple structure and good external construction conditions.
2.2 Metal minerals
2.2. 1 gold mine
Shandong is located in the coastal Pacific metallogenic domain, and the gold mineralization conditions are superior. In the future, the traditional dominant gold type should be the main prospecting type, taking into account new types of gold deposits. The main attack area is mainly the traditional important metallogenic belt, taking into account other areas. Sanshandao-Linglong gold metallogenic belt, Mu Ping-Rushan gold metallogenic belt and Pingyi-Cangshan gold metallogenic belt distribute more than 95% of the proven gold resources in Shandong, which is undoubtedly the most important gold prospecting area in Shandong.
ironstone
According to the data of metallogenic geological conditions, mineral resources potential, geophysical and geochemical exploration, Shandong Province is roughly divided into the following nine iron ore resources prospect areas. ① Liuxinggou prospect area in Laiwu: The predicted area is a concealed dome anticline arched by magmatic rocks in the late Yanshan period (presumably the southwest extension of mine rock mass). ② Zibo Nanchouyuan Scenic Area: Located in the northern section of the main fault in He Zi, concealed under the Quaternary, there are iron deposits and mineralization in Upper Cambrian strata and Ordovician Majiagou Formation, which are favorable metallogenic areas for Zhu Ya-type iron deposits. ③ Caowuzhuang Scenic Spot in Zibo: This area is the northern edge of Jinling Rock Mass. ④ Laiwu Lumaobu Scenic Area: located at the west inclined end of the arc anticline in the mining area. The contact zone between deep buried Yanshanian diorite and Ordovician limestone is favorable for mineralization. ⑤ The remote scenic spot of Wangsherenzhuang, Jinan: It is located at the staggered joint between the eastern part of Jinan rock mass and the surrounding rock of Ordovician. The thick limestone of Ordovician Majiagou Formation is distributed in the rock mass in the form of island residues, and the deep ore bodies in this area are out of control, and new ore bodies may appear. ⑥ Northern Exploration Area of Yellow Mount Tai, Jinan: It is located in the transitional phase and marginal phase of Jinan rock mass, with gabbro and gabbro. ⑦ zhang jia zhuang prospect area in Licheng, Jinan: It is located at the northern inclined end of Shagou-zhang jia zhuang diorite uplift belt, with porphyritic diorite and Ordovician limestone closely related to mineralization. ⑧ Zibo Paradise Scenic Area: There are middle-upper Cambrian strata cut by faults in the area, and the metallogenic conditions are good. ⑨ Cangshan Lanling prospect area: located in the south wing of Taibai syncline structure, corresponding to Cangsong iron mine in the north wing, it is a good prospecting prospect area for metamorphic sedimentary iron ore.
2.3 nonmetallic minerals
The key prospecting targets of primary diamond deposits are Dongjiahe area in Cangshan, Mengshan area, Dajingtou area in Pingyi, Shanting area in Zaozhuang, Wangfen area in Qingzhou, Qixia area and Rongcheng area. Shandong Province is rich in mineral resources, which is a major province of mineral resources and mining development in China. For more than half a century, the vast number of geologists have gone through hardships, worked hard to develop and accumulated rich geological data. It is suggested to increase investment in geological exploration, conduct more in-depth research and development of these materials, increase the scientific and technological strength of mining development, and make important contributions to the construction and development of the motherland.