Sichuan Basin is one of the four great basin in China. Because of the deep Cretaceous purple sand shale deposited in the basin, it is also called red basin. Surrounded by high mountains, it faces the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west and Dalou Mountain in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the south. The famous Emei Mountain stands in the southwest; There are Wushan and Daba Mountains in the east and north. Most basins are hilly and low mountains except Chengdu Plain, the largest in southwest China. The rolling hills and low mountainous areas have been built into terraces by local hardworking people since ancient times, extending from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, forming a colorful and unique natural landscape.
Sichuan Basin is one of the four great basin in China, surrounded by a series of tall mountains. The average elevation in the basin is about 500 meters, and the terrain is mainly low mountains. Except for a large area of Chengdu Plain, there are only some small plains in the intermountain basin. The purple sand shale in the central region is close to the level, and after erosion and weathering, it forms a mountain package. Since ancient times, working people have built mountains and cultivated fields here, and opened terraces from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, forming a unique natural landscape in Sichuan Basin.
The banks of Yibin Minjiang River entering the Yangtze River estuary to Jiangjin Youxichang are gently undulating hills. These hills are all composed of red sand shale, with different hardness and hard sandstone at the top. The dip angle of the rock stratum is gentle, even almost horizontal, and it is divided by the current, forming a platform-like flat-topped square mountain. The sandstone strata at the top of some hills are monoclinic square hills because of their large dip angle, which is about 15 degrees. The top of Fangshan Mountain is mostly about 700-800 meters above sea level, which is an ancient planation plane. After the Chuanjiang River and its tributaries were cut, quaternary early Pleistocene terraces were formed on both banks. Because the erosion datum of Chuanjiang River was stable for a long time at that time, by the middle Pleistocene, the valley was very wide and meandering was very developed, and now the meandering meanders of Jialing River, Tuojiang River and Minjiang River began to form from then on. Where the Minjiang River, Jinsha River and Chuanjiang River meet, there is Yibin, the hometown of ancient thorns; Tuojiang River flows into the confluence, and Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces want to rush to Luzhou; The confluence of Jialing River is called Chongqing. At the intersection of Wujiang River, there is Fuling, which is famous for mustard tuber. There is also Wanxian, the "throat of eastern Sichuan" downstream. In addition to these big cities, there are 12 county-level cities, namely: Nanxi, the first county in the Yangtze River; "Hometown of Bamboo Springs" Jiang 'an; Naxi, where Mao Liang is rich; "Hometown of Litchi" Hejiang; Jiangjin, the hometown of citrus; Baxian County adjacent to Chongqing; "Land of Fish and Rice in East Sichuan" has a long life; The mysterious "ghost country" fengdu; Zhongxian, the old country of Ba Man Zi; Yunyang, which is famous for making salt; A beautiful Fengjie; Wushan, the gateway of eastern Sichuan.
Yibin, the first city in the Yangtze River, has a very long history. As early as the pre-Qin period, Yibin was an ancient thorn country. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was called Rongzhou; In the Tang dynasty, he was a righteous guest; The Song Dynasty was changed to Yibin, which has been used ever since. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Syrian government was established here. The older generation of Sichuanese also call it vain. Famous wine "Wuliangye". This kind of nectar, which won the national gold medal three times, made the city famous all over the country, thus gaining the reputation of "the hometown of famous wines". Before liberation, Yibin was just a consumption city and a material distribution center. After the 20th century, Yibin has become a new industrial city with light industry, chemical industry and electric power as its main industries, with more than 300 factories and enterprises, more than 0/0 industrial categories and more than 40 kinds of industrial products. Nearly 20 kinds of products have entered the international market, and the city's total industrial output value 1987 has reached 750 million yuan.
Luzhou, the "Chemical City": The specialty "Laojiao Tequ" won the titles of "China Famous Wine" and "National Excellent Product" for many times, and won the international gold medal twice, which made the ancient city of Luzhou famous at home and abroad. At most, there were more than 600 wineries in Luzhou history, and there were wine pits everywhere in urban and rural areas. After the 20th century, the main specialty of Luzhou is natural gas. Located in Fiona Fang, the natural gas mine in Luzhou covers an area of over 20,000 square kilometers, reaching Xuyong in the south, Longchang in the north, Baxian in the east and Nanxi in the west, accounting for almost half of the total area of the province. It is one of the atmospheric mines in China. Because of this, Luzhou has become a chemical city with many factories, with chemical industry, natural gas, machinery, food, beverage, auto parts manufacturing, building materials, plastics, textiles, paper making and other industrial industries. There are 362 industrial enterprises in total, with a total industrial output value of nearly 654.38 billion yuan, of which chemical industry, machinery and other major industries account for 76.8%. Luzhou Natural Gas Chemical Plant ranks first in urea production and second in synthetic ammonia production in China. The machinery industry includes: Changjiang Crane Factory, which can produce125t full-hydraulic truck crane reaching the international advanced level, ranking first in China, second in Asia and fifth in the world; Changjiang Excavator Factory can produce excavators with the largest bucket capacity in China; And Changjiang Hydraulic Parts Factory, the largest hydraulic parts manufacturer in China; There are also large enterprises in the chemical industry, such as Luzhou Chemical Plant and Torch Chemical Plant.
Wanzhou has a long history. Yangqu County has a history of 1800 years since it was founded in the 21st year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 16). In the eighth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (634), it was called Wanzhou, and in the sixth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1373), it was renamed Wanxian. The port was opened to the public in 1902, and was established in 19 17. During the Anti-Japanese War and the early liberation, due to the benefits of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, merchants gathered and their businesses were active, ranking the third largest city in Sichuan and known as "Chengdu, Chongqing and Wan Wan". After the founding of New China, it was set up as Wanxian Administrative Office in Sichuan Province, with jurisdiction over nine counties and one city. 1992 Wanxian area and Wanxian city under its jurisdiction were abolished, and Wanxian city was established at the prefecture level, with eight counties and three districts under its jurisdiction. After Chongqing was directly under the central government, Wanxian City and its three districts were abolished in June and February of 5438+0997, and Wanxian Immigration Development Zone and Wanxian District were established (1in May of 998, it was renamed Wanzhou Immigration Development Zone and Wanzhou District). Wanzhou Immigrant Development Zone is entrusted by Chongqing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government to manage 6 counties in the reservoir area. In July, 2000, Wanzhou Immigrant Development Zone was cancelled and six counties were no longer managed. Longbao, Tiancheng and Wuqiao Management Committees were renamed as Longbao, Tiancheng and Wuqiao Immigrant Development Zones. In April 2005, Longbao, Tiancheng and Wuqiao immigrant development zones were abolished, and Wanzhou District was directly under the jurisdiction of township streets. Wanzhou has obvious advantages and rich culture. Bachu culture, Three Gorges culture and foreign culture meet here. There are many talents, including 6 colleges and universities (including 1 TV University), 2 secondary vocational schools 12, 5 professional literary and art groups, and nearly 40,000 middle and senior talents of all kinds. The number of students in vocational schools has remained at around 654.38+10,000 all the year round. Convenient transportation, the Yangtze River golden waterway passes through the territory, with airports, railways, highways, deep-water ports and customs ports. The status of "eight high and eight railways, one air and one port" as a regional comprehensive transportation hub has been basically established. Rich in resources, with natural gas reserves of 200 billion cubic meters and rock salt reserves of 280 billion tons, it has natural and cultural landscapes such as Wanzhou Waterfall and Xishan Bell Tower, and agricultural and sideline products such as citrus, pickled mustard tuber and Chinese herbal medicines are abundant and of high quality. The stone fish inscription in Fuling, Sichuan Province is a symbol of ancient working people's observation of water level creation, and the inscription is a record of ancient hydrological observation. According to statistics, there are 163 stone carvings in Baiheliang since the second year of Tang Guangde (764), including 108 in hydrological inscriptions and 14 in fish carvings, which are neatly carved. From these inscriptions, the historical low water level of 72 years since the Tang Dynasty is obtained, which is of great significance for studying the low water law of the Yangtze River, shipping and irrigation. At the International Hydrological Work Conference held in Paris from 65438 to 0974, the delegation of China made an academic report on the inscription of Fuling stone fish, which attracted the attention of hydrologic experts and scholars from all over the world. Fuling Stone Fish Inscription is unique in China and rare all over the world. Only the Nile in Egypt has similar hydrological stone inscriptions.
Cuiping Mountain is a scenic spot overlooking Yibin. In ancient times, there was Cuiping Academy on the mountain, and now it is Zhao Yiman Martyrs Memorial Hall. The original bell and drum tower in front of the museum. This "Cuiping Night Clock" is one of the "Eight Scenes of Yibin". Looking around on Cuiping Mountain, you can see Jinsha River and Minjiang River winding from distant mountains.
The flowing cup pool consists of two huge stones and a clear spring. It is said that it was invented by Huang Tingjian, a poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are many ancient inscriptions on the cliffs on both sides, with blue sky as the line and flowing cups at the foot. There are several stones on both sides of the pool, and a mountain spring trickles in. Liu Bei There is a Fuweng Pavilion built in memory of Huang Tingjian on the lonely mountain in Chi Pan, which shows the historical sites of Huang Tingjian in Yibin to tourists.
Chongqing, South Hot Springs, North Hot Springs, Jinyun Mountain and other scenic spots have long enjoyed a good reputation; Nanshan park, Pipashan Park, eling park and so on add a lot of color to this mountain city. South Hot Spring is located on the Huaxi River on the south bank of Chuanjiang River, about 20 kilometers away from Chongqing. There are canyons and mountains, Qingxi Hot Springs, and chinese odyssey. Yantou Waterfall is particularly spectacular after summer. North Hot Springs and Jinyun Mountain correspond up and down, forming the first scenic spot in Chongqing. Jinyun Mountain is one of the famous Buddhist mountains in Sichuan. It is as famous as Mount Emei, commonly known as "Little Emei in East Sichuan". There are nine peaks on it, and the main peak is more than 1000 meters above sea level. Temples were built here as early as 1500 years ago, and the existing temples were rebuilt during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Jinyun Mountain is also a subtropical botanical garden with 1700 kinds of precious plants. Moth tree is a noble tree species, which is rare in the world. Its fruit has two wings and golden fluff, which looks like a moth resting on a tree. Nanshan park is located on the south bank, and consists of Huangshan Mountain, Wangshan Mountain and other scenic spots. Before Qiu Guan, during the Anti-Japanese War, some foreign envoys and Kuomintang government officials built villas here. There are Hongyan Village, Zeng's "Zhou Mansion" and the former site of Xinhua Daily Business Department, as well as the "Sino-US Cooperation Office" under Gele Mountain, which are revolutionary history textbooks.
In the hinterland of Fuling Yangtze River at the intersection of the Yangtze River and Wujiang River, there is a long and narrow natural Liang Shi named Baiheliang. It is said that the beautiful scenery here attracts a large number of white cranes to fly to live. The east-west length of Baiheliang is 1, more than 600 meters, and the north-south width is 10- 15 meters. Because the ridge of Baiheliang is only 2 meters higher than the lowest water level, it is submerged at the bottom all the year round. Chuanjiang River is exposed only when the water level is low, which arouses the interest of literati in past dynasties. There are 14 fish statues and 163 stone carvings in Baiheliang from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, which are neatly carved. From these inscriptions, we can get1a series of valuable low water records in the history of Chuanjiang River for more than 200 years. It has left scientific archives for water conservancy projects and occupies an important position in the history of science and technology in the world. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges, most of them were submerged.
Not far from the lower reaches of Fuling, there is a famous "ghost town Fengdu". The ancient buildings in the "underworld" include the Jade Emperor Hall, the Wang Yan Hall, the Yin and Yang Hall, the Gate of Hell, the Dizang Hall, the Blood River Hall and the Ten Kings Hall. The temple is carved with ghosts and gods and various instruments of torture in the underworld, giving people a feeling of terror and chill. This is a unique legendary attraction.
In Gu Feng, 45km east of Zhongxian County, there is a dangerous building-Shi Baozhai, a famous tourist resort in Xia Chuan. Shi Baozhai's butte. Legend has it that this is the time when ancient floods flooded. Nu Wa, the goddess of beauty, accidentally dropped a piece here when refining the five-color stone to fill the sky. It looks like a jade seal, so it is also called Jade Seal Mountain. There is an ancient poem that vividly outlines it: "The mountains are covered with jade, standing in Jiangdong, and the sky is 100 feet high, showing off manpower." Shi Baozhai was founded in the 24th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1545), and it took shape at the end of the Ming Dynasty and continued to expand during the reign of Kanggan in the Qing Dynasty. 12 story stockade building has a total height of 56 meters, and a nail is useless. All structures are wooden tenon buildings, with wood and stone juxtaposed, and the layout is very clever. Mountains and buildings blend into one.
In Wanzhou District, there is Du Yueshan in the east, with peaks in the clouds, and it has the reputation of "Du Yue Skyscraper"; In the west, there is Taibai Rock, with rosy clouds around it, and there is the ode of "Sunset in the Western Hills": in the south, there is Cuiping Mountain overlooking the great river, with vast smoke waves and the reputation of "Cuiping Autumn Painting"; There is Tiancheng Mountain in the north, with a solitary peak and steep walls. Because Liu Bei once stationed troops here, it is also called the "City of the Son of Heaven".
On the mountainside of Feifeng Mountain in Yunyang County, there is a famous "Zhangfei Temple". According to legend, Zhang Fei's head is buried here. Zhangfei Temple has the reputation of "Wenzao Resort". Ran Yan in the temple is a treasure house of calligraphy art, with nearly 200 stone tablets and cliff carvings, and 2 17 woodcut paintings and calligraphy under ancient trees and vines.
Fengjie, an ancient city, has many places of interest and high value, and it is also the highest on both sides of the Sichuan River. Twelve scenic spots in Fengjie, such as Wuhou Array, Pre-Huilan, Baidi Mountain, Chi Jia Qinghui, Yupu Clarification, White Salt Color, Xiaqiuyue, Wenfeng Ruicai, Lianchi Liu Fang and Caotang Legacy, are as follows. Kuimen, which is formed by two cliffs, Chijiashan and Baiyanshan, is especially steep and majestic. Famous places of interest include: the city, the Eight Array Map, the Yong 'an Palace where Liu Bei entrusted orphans, the site of Mrs. Gan's tomb, the site of Du Fu's former residence, the tomb of martyrs and so on. Baidicheng attracts countless poets and writers with its magnificent natural scenery, precious cultural relics and wonderful myths and legends. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Fan Chengda, Lu You, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and other famous poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties have all been here, leaving many well-known poems. "Bai Di colorful clouds, thousands of miles Jiangling also one day. The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man. " . "Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward." "Bai Di turned into the Three Gorges Town, and Zhaitang escaped from the prison by luck" ... These eternal songs have always been praised by people.
From Fengjie Baidicheng to Yichang Nanjinguan, Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge are all scenic spots with a long history.