Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), officially known as Daikin, was a feudal dynasty established by the Jurchen nationality in China history. It was said that there were ten emperors who enjoyed the country for 120 years.
In the fourth year of Tianqing (1 1 14), akuta unified the ministries of Jurchen and rose up against Liao. The following year, the capital was established in Huining House, Beijing (now Harbin, Heilongjiang), with the title of "Daikin" and Jianyuan "Shouguo". The Liao Dynasty perished in 1 125, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished in 1 127.
In the eighth year of Tianhui (1 130), Emperor Zhao Gou of the Southern Song Dynasty surrendered to Di Chin and became a vassal of the Jin Dynasty. In the first year of Zhenyuan (1 153), Wan Yanliang, the king of Hailing, moved to Daxing House in Zhongdu (now Beijing). During the reign of Jin Shizong and Jin Zhangzong, political culture reached its peak, but in the later period of Jin Zhangzong's rule, it turned from prosperity to decline.
After Jin Xuanzong succeeded to the throne, his internal politics was corrupt, his people were poor, and he was invaded by outer Mongolia, so he was forced to move his capital to Kaifeng (now Kaifeng, Henan). 1234, Jin fell in Cai Zhou under the attack of the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia.
During the heyday of the Jin Dynasty, the ruling territory included the North China Plain north of the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in Chinese mainland today, the Northeast of the Russian Federation and the Far East, with a vast territory. Jin was the first dynasty in history to propose "unifying China".
Extended data:
The territory of the Jin Dynasty can be divided into three parts. The first is the Northeast and Monan areas ruled by the former Liao Dynasty. This is the place where the Jin Dynasty flourished, where the Jurchen tribes lived, and the reforms of the Khitan, Xi, Bohai, the Five Kingdoms Department, and Fan and Uighur in Li Ji. At the beginning of the founding of the Jin Dynasty, the old system of bearing children was adopted.
Second, Liao entered Beijing to the south of Huangfu, until 16 States such as Hebei and Shanxi. The residents here are mainly Han Chinese, who have been ruled by foreigners for a long time, and the Han Dynasty under the rule of Jin also maintained the system of Han officials.
The third situation is that the territory before the Song Dynasty, the land north of the Huaihe River and the Qinling Mountains, is mainly inhabited by the Han nationality. Because of the new alien rule, most of them don't want to be controlled by the court. Zhang Chu, Liu Qi and other pseudo-regimes were successively established, and were finally directly managed by Jin Ting in China and France.
The rulers adopted the five-capital system, including Zhongdu Daxing Mansion, Shangjing Huining Mansion, Nanjing Kaifeng Mansion, Beijing Dading Mansion, Tokyo Liaoyang Mansion and Xijing Datong Mansion, among which the last three capitals were in the original site of Zhongjing Dading Mansion, Tokyo Liaoyang Mansion and Xijing Datong Mansion in Liao country.
Huining House (now Baicheng Zi, 2km south of Acheng, Heilongjiang Province) was the first capital of Jin Dynasty, called "Shangjing", and Akuta was built in115. 1 153 Wang Hailing Yan Yanliang moved to Daxing House (now southwest of Beijing) as the second capital of the Jin Dynasty, called "Zhongdu"; Jin Xuanzong, the eighth emperor of the Jin Dynasty, was plundered and threatened by the Mongolian Empire.
12 14 announced that it moved its capital to the south to open its capital, which was called "Nanjing" in history. 1232, Jin Jun was defeated in the battle of San San. After the Mongols besieged Nanjing, Jin Aizong fled to Defu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and finally to Cai Zhou (now Runan, Henan Province).
The administrative area of the Jin Dynasty implemented three levels of management: road (state), state and county, with five Beijing and nineteen roads. "Dao" is the highest and largest administrative region in the Jin Dynasty, which is equivalent to a modern province. It has a general manager's office, as well as supervisors from three departments: the transportation department, the inspection department and the salt department. The five Beijing offices were left behind by the five Beijing offices and later merged with the government occupied by Fu Yi. The government is a parallel organization, which governs the state and county levels.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-jinguo