The word "Middle Ages" was first used by Italian humanist Biondo in the late 5th century A.D./KLOC-0. There was no strong political power to rule Europe in this period.
Feudal separatism brought frequent wars, and Catholicism imprisoned people's thoughts, which led to the stagnation of science and technology and productivity, and people lived in hopeless pain. Therefore, the Middle Ages or early Middle Ages are generally called "dark ages" in Europe and America. Traditionally, this is a period of slow development in the history of European civilization.
Petrarch divided European history into two stages: one was the period of ancient Rome and ancient Greece; The second is the "dark period". Humanists also believe that one day the Roman Empire will rise again and restore the purity of classical culture.
Extended data:
Cultural development in the Middle Ages
Italy has never been unified. In order to maintain his independent status, the Pope established a papal state and forged the document of "Constantine Gift", claiming that Constantine the Great gave Rome, Rutland Palace and other places to the Pope. The church is very strict and controls the culture and education in western Europe.
Priests can't get married, advocate abstinence, and ask people to give everything to God in order to go to heaven after death. On the other hand, the sale of clergy is very serious. We advocate scholasticism such as trinity and original sin theory, strictly control the spread of scientific ideas, set up inquisition to punish heresy, and school education also serves theology.
During the period of Pope Gregory I (590-604 AD), ancient Roman libraries were also set on fire. 11~13rd century is the peak of the development of medieval culture. /kloc-At the end of 0/3, the Renaissance came into being in Italy and spread to many European countries.
At this time, many philosophers, writers, artists and scientists emerged, such as Dante, Boccaccio, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Machiavelli, Shakespeare, Cervantes, Copernicus, Bruno, Galileo, Kepler, Harvey and Francis Bacon.
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