Shortly after Zhang Qian's first mission to the Western Regions, in BC 12 1 year, Huo Qubing, a general of the Han Dynasty, defeated the Huns who lived in the Hexi Corridor, thus cutting off the ties between the Huns and the ministries of Di and Qiang. Later, the Han Dynasty formed an alliance with Wusun, which made the Xiongnu more isolated in the Western Regions. In BC 109, Zhao Ponu, a general of the Han army, led an army to the west and attacked Loulan, Gushi and other important cities in the western regions. 102 years ago, the Han army invaded Dawancheng (now Fergana), and the prestige of the Han Dynasty in the western countries increased greatly. The following year, the Han Dynasty stationed troops in Luntai, Quli and other places in the western regions, and set envoys and a captain in charge. Shi Duwei was the earliest local official of the Han government in the Western Regions.
In 60 BC, Wang Xian, who was stationed in the Western Regions, was sent to the Han Dynasty, and both the north and south of Tianshan Mountain were under the jurisdiction of the central government of the Han Dynasty. The establishment of the office for the protection of the capital of the western regions marks that the western regions have since become an integral part of our unified multi-ethnic great motherland. The Han Dynasty strengthened the ties between the Western Regions and the Central Plains politically, economically and militarily.
2./kloc-In the mid-8th century, the Qing Dynasty successively put down the rebellion of Junggar nobles Zhuo and Xiao Hezhuo, unified Xinjiang, and adopted a series of effective governance measures, which had a far-reaching impact on the final definition of the northwest territory of China, the formation of the main ethnic groups in Xinjiang and their distribution pattern, and the political, economic and cultural contacts and exchanges between Xinjiang and the Central Plains. 177 1 year, Turks returned to the motherland under the leadership of the leader Wabashi.
In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759), the western regions were renamed Xinjiang, and the Qing government began to set up official offices in various parts of Xinjiang to exercise the central government's jurisdiction over the north and south of Tianshan Mountain. The military and political systems in Xinjiang and the mainland are basically the same, and national unity has been further strengthened.
3. After the First Opium War, after Russia completed its expansion in Siberia, it began to occupy our territory. Tsarist Russia forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, the Sino-Russian Northwest Boundary Demarcation Agreement and the Sino-Russian Trade Charter of Ili Talbahatai. Due to the decline of the Qing Dynasty, even the vast number of small countries adjacent to Xinjiang have the ambition to wait for an opportunity to annex our territory. Some reactionaries and Zhuo attacked the city and plundered the land under the banner of "jihad" and did evil deeds, which brought profound disasters to the people of Xinjiang.
On the pretext that the peasant uprising in Ili and Akuta forces threatened Russia's security, Russia openly sent troops to occupy Ili under the banner of defending and defending. Xinjiang is in danger of being carved up and occupied by foreign countries. After a so-called "coastal defense and dense melon defense" dispute by the Qing government, the northwest national defense students gained the attention and concern of the Qing rulers. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Governor Zuo of Shaanxi and Gansu was ordered to appoint an imperial minister to supervise military affairs in Xinjiang. The entry of the Qing army into Xinjiang conformed to the historical trend and won the support and support of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. By the end of the third year of Guangxu, the Qing army had successively recovered the southern Tianshan Mountains, and Agubai's aggressive regime was eliminated.
In February of the 7th year of Guangxu, Ceng Jize (son of Zeng Guofan), the special envoy of Qing government, negotiated with Russia after many twists and turns. The two sides signed the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty, stipulating that the Russian troops would withdraw from Ili the following year, China would pay compensation and allow Russian businessmen to trade in Xinjiang without paying taxes, and Russia would set up consuls in Jiayuguan and Turpan. 1882, Yili finally returned to the embrace of the motherland.
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Xinjiang has been an inseparable part of China since ancient times. Xinjiang has officially become a part of China territory since the Western Han Dynasty central government established the Western Regions Duhu Government in 60 BC. 1884 Qing government established a province in Xinjiang. 1949 Xinjiang was peacefully liberated, 1955+00+00 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was founded.
Xinjiang, called the Western Regions in ancient times, means the territory of western China. This name appeared in China's historical records from the Han Dynasty and remained in use until the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang, and was later renamed Xinjiang. Xinjiang is located in the east-west traffic artery, and the frequent ethnic migration and exchanges in history have made the ancient residents of Xinjiang a place of great ethnic integration and ethnic relations.
The communication between the Western Regions and the Central Plains has a long history. Long ago, China's silk and silk products were exported to South Asia and Europe through the Western Regions. The ancient Greeks called China the Silk Country. Along the way, this trade passage across the east and west was called the Silk Road by later generations.
Modern archaeological excavations in Xinjiang show that in the Neolithic Age about 2,000-3,000 years ago, traces of human ancestor activities appeared in Sandaoling and Qijiaojing in Hami, Astana in Turpan Basin, Chaiwobao in urumqi county, Rem, Qitai, Ili, Kuqa, Bachu, Qiemo, Khotan and Pishan.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xinjiang History