Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, participated in the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and was very disgusted with the words "thief" and "coach". Because he is a monk, he hates the words "light", "baldness" and "monk". On one occasion, Xu Yikui, a professor at Fu Xue in Hangzhou, praised Zhu Yuanzhang in his book with words such as "under the sky", "a natural saint" and "doing things for the world". Zhu Yuanzhang is far-fetched, insisting that "light" is baldness and "life" is "monk". He was calling him a monk, and Ze was similar to a thief. He planned to call him a thief, so he ordered to kill Xu Yikui. During the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang, the most common crime committed by literati was because of improper writing on the table. According to the custom in the early Ming Dynasty, whenever Zheng Dan, Wanshou Festival and the East Palace were inscribed, civil and military ministers at home and abroad would set tables to celebrate. However, among the ministers of civil and military affairs at all levels, there are not many who are good at writing, so the task of writing congratulatory tables generally falls on local instructors. Knowing that the scribes were good at satire, Zhu Yuanzhang paid special attention to these notes. Sure enough, he saw some "flaws" in the table, and Zhu Yuanzhang did not hesitate to show his butcher's knife. At that time, there were many people who violated taboos on the words on the dining table, most of them because of the use of the word "Ze". At that time, the pronunciation of "ze" and "thief" in Jianghuai dialect was similar, and Zhu Yuanzhang thought it was mocking his experience of becoming an outlaw. For example, Lin, a professor in Zhejiang, was killed because of a sentence in the Life-increasing Table, "If you do something, it will be constitutional." Zhao Boning, an instructor in Fu Xue, Beiping, was killed for writing Watch for Longevity. In the case of Hongwu's 30-year North-South List, the examiner was convicted of mocking the imperial court for words such as "everything comes in one breath" and "supreme monarch, humble minister".

The literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty began in the fourth year of Shunzhi. Hank, a monk from Guangdong, was arrested by Qing soldiers at the gate of Nanjing, and he took a historical manuscript named Border Discipline, which recorded the tragic deeds of anti-Qing people. After a year of torture, he was exiled to Shenyang. The following year, there was Preface to Fang seal cutting, written by Fang seal cutting without the title of Shunzhi, which was regarded as an unforgivable article about orthodoxy by Gang Lin, a great scholar. Provisions: "From now on, China ink stick bamboo slips can only be published after being edited and reviewed by courtiers, and other miscellaneous manuscripts of the Housing Department are prohibited."

The case of Ming History began with Zhuang Ting's case of Ming History, but it is said that Zhu Guozhen, a cabinet record of Zong Tianqi dynasty, was excluded by Wei Zhongxian and returned to his hometown of Wucheng, Zhejiang Province, where he compiled an Outline of the History of the Dynasty and published it. Unpublished manuscripts include the biography of the court official. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, there was a rich man named Zhuang Tingzhen in Huzhou, Zhejiang. He is blind, and he was inspired by "Zuo Qiu was blind, but he lost his Mandarin". He also wants to write a history handed down from generation to generation. However, he was not familiar with historical events, so he bought historical manuscripts from Zhu Guozhen's descendants and recruited talents who were interested in compiling the history of Jiangnan Ming Dynasty to supplement the history of Chongzhen Dynasty and Nanming Dynasty. When talking about the history of Nanming, he still respects the name of the Ming Dynasty, refuses to admit the orthodoxy of the Qing Dynasty, and mentions the fact that Nuzhen was founded in the late Ming Dynasty, such as writing Nuerhachi's name directly, stating that Li killed Nuerhachi's father and brother, scolding Shang Kexi and Geng who were demoted to the Qing Dynasty as "thieves" and writing "Yi Kou" when the Qing army entered the customs. These are all very important things in the Qing court. After the publication of Ming History, there was nothing at first, but only a few years later, a few shameless villains tried to blackmail the publisher, which caused an accident. Zhuang Tingyi, the person in charge at that time, had been dead for many years, and his father relied on the money to buy off the government and fight back the blackmailers one by one. I don't want a small official named Wu Zhirong to report to Beijing angrily. Ao Bai and others were so interested that they issued a decree to investigate the matter. So people related to Zhuang's Ming History are in big trouble. In the second year of Kangxi (1663), on May 26th, in the scenic Hangzhou city, the Qing army took more than 70 people (they wrote prefaces, proofread and even sold books, bought books, printed lettering and local officials) to "commit" the Ming history case, and at the same time, they were in Bijiao Square. Zhuang Ting, the "principal offender", opened the coffin and slaughtered the corpse according to "Big Violation", and hundreds of people were implicated and exiled. The case of "Ming History" set a bad precedent of "anti-writing" to ask for bribes. Some villains followed Wu Zhirong's example and found fault with other people's books, which was far-fetched, calling them "anti-writing" and extorting money all over the sky. For example, Sun Qifeng's Shen Jia Da Ji was accused of commemorating the demise of the Ming Dynasty, so Sun Qifeng was taken to Beijing for detention and released after being rescued. Later, the gangsters simply made their own books and listed their names on whoever they wanted to blackmail. It depends on who is the most courageous and whose heart is the darkest, such as Shen Tianfu, Xia Yi, Zhou Yi and others. They carved a book of poetry, which was compiled by Chen Jisheng under the guise of more than 700 celebrities from all over the country. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Shen Tianfu went to the cabinet Wu Yuanlai's house to ask for 2,200 taels of silver, but was refused. So he reported the book to the official, and the truth came out after the trial of the punishments, and Shen Tianfu was beheaded in Xicheng.

In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), the Huang case occurred in Shandong. Huang Pei, a native of Jimo, Shandong Province, was a royal guard in the late Ming Dynasty. After his death, he lived in seclusion at home. Huang Pei's anti-Qing national thoughts are reflected in his poems, such as "Banana leaves the sea, the sun and the moon shine in Shandong", "Loulan was killed and refused to return, so he gave the golden emblem to the fighters", "There is no fireworks in Pingsha, and I think the love rainbow is flying from the north". The person suing is Huang, the grandson of his handmaiden Huang Kuan. Huang, whose real name is Jiang, accused the Huang family of privately engraving and collecting "rebellious" poems and books in order to return to the family and remove the title of master and servant. As a result, fourteen people, including Huang Pei, were arrested, imprisoned and beheaded. Jiang was not enough, and he wrote an article entitled "North-South Communication" in conjunction with the wicked, accusing Gu and others of "abandoning ministers because of their ignorance" and those who had second thoughts about the Qing court. The communication between the north and the south is either plotting rebellion or slandering the imperial court. In this insidious article, about 300 people were named in an attempt to make a big case against Chiang Kai-shek. The case was indeed brought to the point where it was ordered to be handled, and the governor and governor of Shandong also personally asked questions. Gu was imprisoned for nearly seven months before he was released after Zhu Yizun and others rescued him everywhere.

Dai Mingshi was indignant at the Qing court's wanton tampering with the history of Ming Dynasty. He wrote Nanshan Collection, which recorded the history of the late Ming Dynasty, by visiting the old people of the Ming Dynasty and consulting written materials. Fifty years after Kangxi (17 1 1), the book was denounced ten years after it was printed. Because the title of Nanming was used in the book and Dourgen's misconduct was involved, Emperor Kangxi was very angry and ordered Dai Mingshi to be executed that year. Dai Jia/kloc-all men over 0/6 years old were beheaded,/kloc-women and men under 0/5 years old were sent to the heroes' homes in the Qing Dynasty as slaves. The fellow villager once provided the reference material "Notes on Guizhou and Guangxi" and was also sentenced to Dai Mingshi; Dai's relatives who have titles will be deleted; Wang Hao, Fang Bao and Roy, who prefaced Nanshan Collection, were executed. Founder Yu, You and others donated money to publish Nanshan Collection and sent Ningguta to join the army with his wife and children. More than 300 people were involved in Nanshan Collection. Later, Emperor Kangxi pretended to be merciful and changed Dai Mingshi's death penalty to death penalty. People who should have been executed, such as Dai Jia and Fang Jia, were exiled to Heilongjiang. Fang was dead, but he was still sent to the coffin to slaughter his body.

In the fifty-third year of Kangxi (17 14), Zhuan Xu, a folk rapper, used rap to write history. This was the pioneering work of a generation, but Emperor Kangxi thought that he had desecrated history, so he turned to Xu for questioning.

The literary inquisition in Yongzheng period of Nian Gengyao case began with Nian Gengyao case. Nian Gengyao, a native of Huangqi, Han army, was born a scholar and had a talent for fighting. He has made many achievements in counter-insurgency in Sichuan and Tibet. In the last years of Kangxi, he was named General Dingxi and Governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and attached to the then Prince Yin Zhen of Yong. After Yin Zhen succeeded to the throne, Nian Gengyao was highly prized, and was named Governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, General Taibao and General Fuyuan, and was awarded the first class merit. Nian Gengyao began to regard his younger sister as the concubine of Yongzheng as his own credit. Yin Zhen had long wanted to make an example, but he had no excuse. In February of the third year of Yongzheng (1724), the astronomical spectacle of "the combination of the sun and the moon, the combination of the five stars and the pearl" appeared. Courtiers congratulated on the table, and Yin Zhen paid special attention to Nian Gengyao's playing table and found the "fault". First, the handwriting is scrawled, and second, the idiom "Go out early and come back late" is written as "Go out late and come back late", which means diligent all day long. Regardless of this, Yongzheng thought that Nian Gengyao was up to no good, and those who bore a grudge against Nian Gengyao saw that the emperor had taken the lead, so they rose up and attacked him, and Nian Gengyao was disintegrated into ninety-two major crimes. Yin Zhen ordered Nian Gengyao to commit suicide, his relatives and companions were beheaded, exiled or relegated, and all those involved with him were punished. Seven days after Nian Gengyao's death, the king beheaded the public, that is, Wang's Essay on the Western Expedition. Wang, a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, was appointed as Shaanxi's deployment envoy by his good friend Hu Qiheng in the early years of Yongzheng, and was a confidant of his boss Nian Gengyao. Wang went to visit, took the opportunity to pay a visit to Nian Gengyao, and became a temporary guest of Nian Gengyao. Wang wrote two volumes of Essays on the Western Expedition in the reading room and gave them to Nian Gengyao for collection. Nian Gengyao offended the property, and the essays on the Western Expedition were sent to the palace. After reading it, Yongzheng gnashed his teeth and wrote an inscription on the title page: "Paradoxical madness, as for this pole! I'm sorry to see it so late, but I'll save it for another day and let this kind of thing get away with it. " Probably the article mentioned that "a wily rabbit dies, a running dog cooks", which was to remind Nian Gengyao. Yin Zhen was dissatisfied with this, but he also wanted to show his filial piety. He only called the king "writing poems to satirize the emperor of the sage, which is a big violation of the Tao." So Wang was beheaded, beheaded, and his head was displayed in Beijing food market for ten years. His wife and children were sent to Heilongjiang to be slaves to the armored people (sergeant Manchu); Brothers and uncles exiled Ningguta; Alienate relatives, all the incumbents were removed from office and handed over to the local officials of their origin. Because of the large number of people involved, rumors of "massacre" even spread in Pinghu County, where Wang lived, and residents fled in panic. Nian Gengyao was also implicated in the case of money abetting crime. Qian, a famous worker, was born in Wujin, Jiangsu. He was the same age as Nian Gengyao in the provincial examination, so he may have made friends. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Nian Gengyao, a powerful official, went to Beijing for an audience, and Qian Xian praised him with poems, such as "The flag-bearer of Shaanxi Province in Zhou Dynasty, from the drum to the general in Han corner" and "Zhong Ding swears by the name of mountains and rivers that it is appropriate to publish the second monument he has hidden". Nian Gengyao was punished, and Qian certainly heard about the disaster. Yongzheng accused him of "singing flattery and praising evil". But he didn't kill him, he just fired him and drove him back to his hometown, but he wrote the word "famous sinner" and ordered Qian's local officials to make a plaque and hang it in Qian's home. The word "teaching sinners by naming names" is a great shame, which not only makes money infamous, but also makes his descendants look down upon it. Yin Zhen also ordered Changzhou Magistrate and Wujin Magistrate to go to Qianjia on the first and fifteenth day of each month to check the hanging of the plaque. If you don't hang up, you will be reported to the governor for Meiji crimes. That's not enough. When Qian left Beijing, Yongzheng ordered Beijing officials to write satirical poems for Qian from the university students and Jiuqing. As a result, a total of 385 people took the imperial edict as their poem. After Yongzheng saw it, he paid the money to compile a book, Poems of Famous Offenders, which was published and distributed to schools all over the country, so that all scholars in the world knew it. Praise satirical poems with charm, and punish those without charm. There is a sentence in Chen Wance's poem: "Famous people have the same name as world crimes, and Ming works are no different from Ming works" (Dai Mingshi and Nian Gengyao also have Ming works in Zhi Nan Shan Ji An), with sharp wording and clever sentences, which was praised by Yongzheng. On the other hand, Wu Xiaodeng, assistant minister of Hanlin, was sent to Ningguta as a slave for his poem Absurdity. Among the people who wrote poems, there was a man named Justine who criticized Qian Shiming for "a hundred years of humiliation". There was a man named Xie Jishi who criticized Qian for "treachery has been exposed since ancient times". But before long, they followed, and the conquered people, as pigs and dogs, could not help being bitten. Long Keduo is a person who has to be mentioned. He is the younger brother of Emperor Kangxi's filial piety, the son of Tong Guowei, the commander-in-chief of the official-to-step army in the last years of Kangxi, and the minister of rites. In the early years of Yongzheng, he attacked the first-class official, awarded the official department minister and added Taibao. Longkodo, like Nian Gengyao, was an important official of Yongzheng. Without him, it is difficult to ascend to the throne, especially Roncodo, who directly participated in the regicide reform and usurpation. Yongzheng Jiangshan sit tight, will get rid of people who know the inside story, Nian Gengyao has been removed from his post, and Longkodo must also die. In October of the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Long Keduo was tried for possession of jade (royal genealogy). Wang unanimously determined that Long Keduo had committed forty-one major crimes, so he was forbidden to enter forever, and his property was recovered from the stolen money, and his second son was also punished. The following year, Roncado died in the detention center. However, the case related to the Renkodo case ended several months before Renkodo was convicted. Justine was born in Haining, Zhejiang. In the 45th year of Kangxi (1706), he was a scholar and was elected to the Imperial Academy. He was made a cabinet scholar by Duobao, and was later made a left assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites by Zuodu Yushi Cai Bao. For details about this literary inquisition, please refer to the six-volume Cha Chuan in the early Qing Dynasty. In May of the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), the case ended, and Justine slaughtered his body, beheaded his relatives or exiled him, and all the Jiangxi officials involved were dismissed. Not only that, because Wang He and Justine were both from Zhejiang, Yongzheng took it out on Zhejiang scholars. In October of the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), the next month when Justine was imprisoned, the Qing court set up special envoys in Zhejiang to supervise the scholars and rectify the style of scholars (then the southeast provinces set up special envoys one after another to observe the rectification). 1 1 month, send a letter to stop the examination and examination in Zhejiang Jinshi province. The assistant minister of the official department supported this proposition. Wang, Cha and others made the conclusion that "the more water adds shame, the more ashamed Wu Shan is", and put forward ten suggestions to rectify customs and restrain scholars. Yongzheng approved the governor of Zhejiang and made a resolution to rectify customs. In August of the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), at the request of Li Wei, the governor of Zhejiang Province, Yongzheng lifted the imperial edict of stopping after having obtained the provincial examinations, and cancelled the task of keeping the customs two years later.

After Xie Jishi's case and Lu's case, Xie Jishi's case and Lu's case were all brewed with the joint participation of Tian Wenjing. Tian Wenjing was born as a Guo-zi-jian diploma, starting with the experience of small officials in counties. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), he served as the governor of Henan. His laws are strict, and officials from Kejia are timid and afraid to do things. They have disintegrated three or four state and county officials, including Xinxu Magistrate and Zuodu Yushichai. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), the new governor of Zhili took office via Henan, and Tian Wenjing followed suit to see him off. Gu Li, who was born in Hakka, couldn't help but accuse Tian Wenjing of not deliberately ravaging literati. Therefore, Gu Li, a member of Tian Wenjing, took part in the imperial examination with Huang Zhenguo and others in the same year, so he intended to protect them. The implication is that Guli has personal close friends with others. Soon, Guli went to Beijing to state Tian Wenjing's corruption and Huang Zhenguo's injustice. After some investigation, Yongzheng suspected that there were cronies among Hakka people such as Guli. In the winter of the same year, Zhejiang Taoist supervisor Xie Jishi neglected Tian Wenjing's ten sins. Yongzheng returned the letter, and Xie Jishi insisted. In a rage, Yongzheng arrested Xie Jishi, and Jiuqing, a university student, came to chop him down. Because the content of Xie Jishi's disintegration was exactly the same as that of Li Gui, they were all wronged. Huang Zhen was recommended by Cai, and Cai and Li Gui were closely related, so Yongzheng decided that these people engaged in cronies and sent Xie Jishi to Altay, Xinjiang; Cai was reduced to the prefect of Fengtian; Bi Li was demoted to assistant minister of industry (he was removed soon). Lu, born as a juren, moved to Wuxian for military service. After being introduced, Yongzheng saw that he was "perverse" and detained him in Beijing to study and handle affairs. Later, he was dismissed from the Ministry of Industry. When introducing him again, Yongzheng saw that he was arrogant and rude, so he wrote down sentences such as "The Five Classics and Four Books, such as' Hui Di Ji' and' Being rebellious', which were different from the Buddha's later years", which was considered ironic. Yongzheng further believed that he was a native of Guangxi, a fellow villager with Xie Jishi, and that Guli had been the governor of Guangxi. "On weekdays, a party must support Guli and Xie Jishi." So he ordered Lu to be dismissed and sent to Altai. Lu wrote 17 articles about Tong Jian in Altai, which became the source of the Lu Tong Jian case. In May of the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), General Zhenwu, who was stationed in Altay, and the king of Shuncheng County, Jiang Lu's "Tongjian Lun" 17 collapsed, in which "many words are used to resist anger and injustice, and their words are more arrogant, obviously arguing about current politics", and the Tongjian Lun was submitted with this book. Yongzheng Yongzheng had to play, and on the third day of July, he ordered the cabinet to refute the argument of "madness" in As a Mirror. After refuting it, Yongzheng "proposed" that Lu, who had committed the most heinous crime, should be put to death on the spot, and ordered Jiuqing and Kedao to determine the crimes that Lu should be punished. Officially, of course, I followed this instruction, but at the end of this year, Lu was executed in the Altai army. At the same time, Xibao also participated in a Xie Jishi, saying that Xie Jishi's Notes on Ancient Universities slandered Zhu Cheng, and the book was handed in with this book, that is, Xie Jishi's Notes on Universities. Yongzheng eulogized the cabinet after reading it, and thought that Xie Jishi not only slandered, but also "wantonly slandered the mountain" in current politics, especially in the note: "It is very arrogant to refuse to give advice without flattering people's nature." He asked, "May I ask Xie Jishi: What has Iraq done for the country in recent years? What did the man who bowed to me say? What should I say to the person I refuse? What is the decoration? Besides punishing Xie Jishi's party for opposing differences and framing good ministers, can you point out one or two things? " Then he ordered the courtiers to discuss Xie Jishi's crimes. Ministers plan to put Xie Jishi and Liu Shengnan to death together. On a whim, Yongzheng asked Xibao to tie Xie Jishi to the execution ground when he killed Liu Shengnan, but he finally announced that Xie Jishi was exempt from the death penalty. I don't know how they felt at that time. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), in the afternoon of September 26th, Ceng Jing and Lv Liuliang case, Yue Zhongqi, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, was returning to the agency in a sedan chair when suddenly someone stopped the sedan chair to throw a book. This is a prison in Ceng Jing and Lv Liuliang. See Biography of Yi Shi and Lv Liuliang in Jiangdong for details. When the case was closed, Lv Liuliang and Lu Baozhong's father and son opened the coffin and slaughtered the body, and they were beheaded; Lu made a decision; Lv Liuliang and Sun Fa sent Gu Ning Pagoda to Armor to be slaves; All the property was confiscated. Yan Hongkui, a student from Lv Liuliang, opened the coffin and slaughtered the corpse, and his grandson sent Ningguta as a slave armor; Student Shen Zaikuan made a decision; Huang Buan (death) was punished according to the discussion; Four people, including Che, who published and collected Lv Liuliang's works, were sentenced to prison, two others were exiled to 3,000 miles away with their wives, and a dozen people were flogged. Ceng Jing's confessions and confessions were compiled into the book The Lost Sense of Justice, which was published and distributed to all schools in China. Instructors were ordered to urge scholars to observe and study carefully, and those who neglected the observation were punished. He also ordered Hang Yilu, assistant minister of punishments, to lead Ceng Jing to preach in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and Shi Yizhi, minister of the Ministry of War, to lead Zhang Xi to preach in all parts of Shaanxi. Ironically, Lao Tzu decided the case and his son reversed it. Yongzheng once said that "my descendants will slander me in the future and will not be responsible." However, in October of the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne, and his conviction was publicly reversed before the reform. Ceng Jing and Zhang Xi were ordered to be transferred to the capital, and they were executed in1February, tied for "sense of justice". (Accurately speaking, the cases of Ceng Jing and Lv Liuliang involved attempted rebellion, which did not conform to the "criminal prison set up in the Ming and Qing Dynasties for violating the writing ban or writing Luo Zhi to eliminate dissidents." Definition, not a typical literary inquisition case. When Qu Dajun's case "A Mystery of Justice" was on tour in Guangdong, Fu Tai, the governor of Guangdong, praised Mr. Qu Wenshan from Zhang Xi's confession, thought of Weng Shan, a famous scholar in this province, and guessed that Wenshan was the mistake of Weng Shan. So I traced back to Qu Dajun's books "Wengshan Wenwai" and "Wengshan Shiwai", and I found that there were "many rebellious words that covered up the depressed and uneven spirit". In this way, another ideological "rebellion" case was exposed. Qu Dajun has been dead for more than 30 years, and his son Qu Minghong (Ren Huilai's instruction) voluntarily surrendered himself to Guangzhou, handing over his father's poems and prints. The case was reported, and the Ministry of Punishment suggested that Qu Dajun slaughter the body; Because Qu Minghong surrendered himself, he was saved from death. Only Qu Minghong and his two sons were sent to Fujian, and Qu Dajun's poems were banned. This is the case in Qu Dajun. See Biography of Qu Dajun, the Three Great Books of Lingnan for details. The disaster of Qiulian's pen-playing comes to Qiulian's pen-playing disaster. Qiu Lian is from Cixi, Zhejiang. When he was young, he once played the Book of Sean and big noble, which contained "If you want to establish a prince, be a prince; The words "Prince Mo Ruoxian, the prince" and "When Mr. Wang comes out, the prince can be safe and the world can be settled" were quite popular at that time. At the end of Kangxi, 70-year-old Qiu Lian was a scholar, and later returned to his hometown to be an official. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), Qiu Lian, then 85 years old, was suddenly arrested. It turned out that the letter he wrote for Sean was for the advice of Yin Ren, the waste prince. In June of the following year, Qiu Lian died in the capital prison. Teenagers play with pens, but old people are in trouble It is really called "the beginning of life literacy". "Xu Jun, imperial academy in the case of" The Wind Can't Read ",is the son of Xu, a minister of punishments in Kangxi Dynasty, and also a grandnephew of Gu. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Xu Jun misspelled the word "Your Majesty" as the word "Imperial" in the memorial. As soon as Yongzheng saw it, he immediately dismissed Xu Jun. Later, I sent someone to look it up and found the following poems in Xu Yun's poems: "The breeze can't read, why not turn over the books?" "The moon cares about me, and the breeze has no intention of leaving one behind." So Yongzheng thought it was deliberate slander and made a decision based on disrespectful laws. In the eleventh year of Yongzheng (1733), he sent a letter to collect scholars, wanted to learn from Kangxi and started the branch of poetry again, but in response to Liao Liao, he had to give up. Talents are dying, and literacy is ineffective. As for this, the negative impact of the literary inquisition can be justified.

During the Yongzheng period, Cha's younger brother, Cha Siting, went to Jiangxi to be an examination officer. He wrote an essay called Wei Minzhi, which was based on The Book of Songs, Ode to Shang Dynasty and Xuanniao. The original text is "the country is thousands of miles away, and the people stop here." The general idea is that the vast land of the country and the people live and work in peace and contentment means loving the people. This topic is completely in line with Confucian norms, no problem. However, literary inquisition prevailed at that time. When Yongzheng heard about it, he thought that the word "Wei Zhi" was the word "Yongzheng". Isn't this about killing your own head? Therefore, Yongzheng ordered the arrest of the Justine family. Justine was brutally tortured and died in prison. That's not enough. Even the body is restless and humiliated by slaughter. Heiting's son also died tragically in prison and his people were exiled. Zhejiang Jinshi shall not take the Juren and Jinshi examinations within six years. Cha was also implicated, and he was ordered to lead his family to Beijing to serve his sentence. On the way, he wrote this sentence: "It's so frosty and so long, there are still two years before seventy." Later, he was put back to his hometown and died soon. In those years, the champion was also persecuted. As for imperial academy's scientific research case, the lawsuit of copying prison in Qing Dynasty says: "Or, the topic of the investigation is" People Stop ". Those who avoid it are called "Wei Zhi", which means the first in Yongzheng. Sejong heard of it and slandered it angrily, calling it disrespectful. " This sentence is often quoted by historians. In the Miqing Report written according to the law, there is no title of "Stop at Wei Min" in the section entitled "A gentleman does not judge by his words", the section entitled "An examination of the sun and the moon" and the section entitled "A stream in a mountain road". Si Ting has a copy of Wei Zhenglu, the annotations of which are unfavorable to Yongzheng. For example, the homepage says, "One day in the 60th year of Kangxi, it was appropriate to take a leave of absence at home. Suddenly I heard that it was a big trip, and all four sons of the emperor had acceded to the throne. It's amazing. " Wei Zhenglu was the cause of the court's conviction, so later generations suspected that it was attached as a test question.