Fan Zhongyan Statue of Gong Fan Temple in Huachi
Several cultural and art lovers in Qingyang have a few unremarkable residual tiles of the Song Dynasty, with a small amount of cloth marks on the tile surface and rough cloth marks on the inner wall. This is a typical slate tile in the Song Dynasty. The words "Dashuncheng", "Dashuncheng Official" and "Official" on some tiles indicate the unusual status of these residual tiles.
Behind these broken tiles, there is not only a thousand-year-old city hidden, but also the shadow of famous officials in the Northern Song Dynasty. Through in-depth understanding, from their thick and hard remains, it seems that we can still hear a well-known poem "The Pride of Fisherman Qiu Si". This word was written by Fan Zhongyan in Dashuncheng, Gyeongju.
1 The spring breeze outside the Great Wall is very cold.
1038, Li Yuanhao, a Tangut in the northwest of China, split this land from the territory of Dasong and established Xixia. Since then, the areas around Gyeongju and Yanzhou (now Qingyang and Yan 'an) at the junction of Song and Xia Dynasties have been in constant war and become frontier blockades.
In the face of Li Yuanhao's "pioneering", the Northern Song Dynasty naturally refused, so the war started. However, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Northern Song Dynasty emphasized literature over martial arts. Although the national standing army expanded from 200,000 to more than1.20,000 during the Song Renzong period, its combat power was not strong, and it was almost defeated by Xixia cavalry with rich combat experience.
1040 In the early spring, Song Jun was defeated in the Battle of Sanchuankou in Song and Xia Dynasties.
104 1 spring, the spring was chilly, and the menacing Li Yuanhao attacked Jingyuan Road in the Northern Song Dynasty with 65,438+10,000 troops. The Northern Song Dynasty fought Xixia with superior forces in Haoshuichuan (now northwest of Longde, Ningxia). As a result, Li Yuanhao was ambushed and defeated, and almost all the troops were wiped out. The blood on the river has no wrists, and the spring breeze is cold and cold. This late spring cold quickly swept to Bianjing City in the Northern Song Dynasty, because the northwest gateway was wide open, which led to the crisis in Guanzhong. Song Ting was shocked, and the warring factions in the imperial court argued endlessly with the main peace faction.
Fan Zhongyan reached the northwest front long before the Battle of Haoshuichuan. Through on-the-spot investigation, according to the present situation of national strength and forces, he put forward the policy of "active defense": opposing launching a large-scale offensive war against Xixia, and advocating training border guards, consolidating border defense and lasting defense.
At the critical moment, the Northern Song Dynasty adopted the idea of Fan Zhongyan, who had previously put forward the strategy of defending instead of attacking, and was determined to fight a lasting defensive war. Building cities and villages is one of the measures to implement active defense strategy. So in celebration of a generation, the Northern Song Dynasty secretly planned to establish a three-dimensional border defense system with cities and villages as fulcrums in the northwest.
Dashuncheng site
Fan Zhongyan stole Dashun City.
This heavy responsibility fell on Fan Zhongyan, who was then the deployment manager of Gyeongju Well-known and Celebrated Road.
1042 One day in March, Fan Zhongyan led an army to attack Xixia. Entering Xixia territory, he secretly sent his son Fan Chun? And Fan Zhao Ming, with a great army, occupied Mapu Village in Huachi County today, and carried away the tools and materials for fortification prepared in advance, while himself led the main force to Rouyuan Village to coordinate.
Mapuzhai was established as early as the fifth year of Song Tianxi (102 1) and belonged to the Northern Song Dynasty. 1038 After Li Yuanhao proclaimed himself emperor against the Song Dynasty, he was occupied by Xixia. Xixia people understand the importance of Mapuzhai, and because of its geographical location and the function of communication and alarm, they send people to guard against it day and night. It is more difficult for the two armies to build a grand castle under the eyes of Xixia people than people imagined.
Fan Zhongyan made careful preparations for this. He knows the local topography like the back of his hand, and all the small steps to build the city are ready. After Song Jun arrived, he immediately sent an advance team to quietly occupy the top of the mountain, and then Fan Zhongyan led his soldiers to arrive. According to the standard requirements of the military city, he commanded thousands of soldiers to fill ditches and cut mountains according to the mountainous terrain. In a lightning-fast way, in a short time of 10, a earthen city with a circumference of 3,500m, a height of 5m to 6m and a top width of1.5m to 2m was rammed with loess. This 750-acre city is the Dashun City mentioned many times in history books. Dashuncheng is one of the centers of the three-dimensional defense system in the northwest of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Dashuncheng is located on the Nanshan Ridge at the intersection of Erjiangchuan River and blacksmith ditch water in Leigelao Village, Shanzhuang Township, Huachi County. The whole city spans two mountains and is built according to the mountain situation. The plane is rectangular with a big ditch in the middle, which is divided into two cities, north and south. Cheng Nan is divided into two cities: East, West, South and Central. The middle door is connected by a suspension bridge. Dongcheng has military camps, barns and forage fields; In the southern suburb of Xicheng, there is an urn and a hall, and the rest are divided into streets and lanes. The north city is built on the mountain and has a female wall. At the same time, by building a dam and setting up a water village on Xia Chuan Road, the whole city is surrounded by water on three sides, which is convenient for controlling congestion.
The tiles with the words "Dashun City" and "Dashun Chengguan" found in the ruins of Dashun City are one of the materials used in the construction of the city.
The newly-built Dashun City can garrison 1 10,000 people, with complete facilities and abundant military assets.
Fan Zhongyan's Dashun City, defense can attack and kill a large number of enemies. He asked people to dig cliffs and trenches around the city, making it difficult for enemy cavalry to cross; In addition, iron thistles are scattered around the water village and in the water. A large number of skilled archers have been trained in the city, and crossbows have been placed in the city. These weapons became the nightmare of Xixia cavalry.
It's not bad that a big Song Jun city appeared on its own turf overnight. Xixia people immediately came to attack and the elite swept. Fan Zhongyan has tens of thousands of soldiers in his chest. He lured the enemy into an ambush and wiped them out.
Dashuncheng and a series of border villages such as Rouyuan Village and Liyuanbao have formed a solid defense line. In the following decades, Dashuncheng experienced three large-scale Xixia attacks, and hundreds of thousands of Xixia troops never crossed the line.
Millennium flies, Dashuncheng was abandoned in the Yuan Dynasty, and the broken bricks and tiles were buried by thick loess. In the 1990s, local people successively found a large number of tiles, cloth strips and broken porcelain pieces with the seals of Dashuncheng and Dashuncheng. It is said that the broken tiles found locally can hold several trucks. Guo Handian of Huachi County's County Records Office, Huang, a cadre of cultural centers, and Yang, a local villager, all have fragments of Song Dynasty tiles with words.
Residual tiles unearthed in Dashuncheng
The lonely city is full of drunkenness.
After the completion of Dashuncheng, Song and Xia entered the stage of military stalemate. Fan Zhongyan only stayed in Gyeongju for three years. 1043 entered the DPRK in April and served as deputy prime minister in July. Fan Zhongyan's entry into the customs became a special case of the literati in the Song Dynasty who realized their life ideals with martial arts.
Fan Zhongyan fought Xixia in the northwest, and the autumn of 104 1 should be his most depressed autumn. Dashuncheng was built at the beginning, and the construction of the frontier fortress was in full swing, but the Xixia army was eyeing it, and opposition voices appeared from time to time in the hall. Fan Zhongyan patted the tiles, wood and building materials piled up in Dashun City, and looked at the tired figures of the servants with mixed feelings. He has been in the northwest frontier for a long time. He stared at this lonely city sandwiched between Song and Xia, and wrote: "The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and the geese in Hengyang are not noticed. Around, the sound of the horn sounded, thousands of miles away, and the long smoke closed. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. Qiang tube covered with frost, people are not sleepy. The general has white hair and tears. " Words and phrases.
Nowadays, the remote and cold Dashuncheng has become a corner of barren hills, leaving only a faint remnant wall. The majestic voice of fighting Xixia in those days has long been forgotten in the corner of history. Only these pieces of broken rubble convey a poet's strong strategic planning ability and the ideological integrity of "worrying about the world first and enjoying it".
A few broken bricks jingle, and the preserved memories make an ancient city and a poet eternal.
Huang wrote and painted.
Xixia (10) Fan Zhongyan (3) Dashun (3)