/KOOC-0/944/KOOC-0/0/KOOC-0/0 On 26th, Okamura Ningji, commander of the Sixth Army of the Japanese Army, ordered the 11th Army Corps (Lieutenant General Yokoyama Yong, the head of this army) to start operations on 27th. The Guilin Garrison was originally the 3 1 Army of the National Revolutionary Army (under the jurisdiction of 13 1 Division and 188 Division), 135 Division and some local garrisons, and it is a subordinate unit of Guangxi Department. Before the start of the campaign, the upper level transferred the 188 division to the 46th Army and replaced it with the 170 division, which was a transferred division, and most of them were recruits. At the same time, the 3 1 deputy commander Feng Huanghe 1365438 Division 39 1 regiment was transferred to Guilin, and then 1 regiment was transferred. 170 division says it's a division, but in fact its strength is only equivalent to a regiment. In later battles, it was incorporated into 13 1 division (there is another saying that 170 division did not directly participate in the battle of Guilin, but only withdrew from Guilin after contacting the Japanese army).
At the beginning, the national high command meant to give up all the front lines in Guilin and Liuzhou, but later Bai Chongxi asked to stick to Guilin to buy time for future counterattacks. Therefore, in the face of 6.5438+0.5 million well-equipped Japanese troops, the Guilin garrison is only 13 1 division in Gui Jun, Guangxi, with 6.5438+0.2 million troops. The total strength is less than 20,000 people, there are no tanks and planes, and there are only 22 guns (2 guns, 12 mountain guns, 4 anti-aircraft guns and 4 chariot defense guns). Most Guangxi vigilantes and a few Gui Jun soldiers only carry soil guns, but the defenders in Guilin are determined to perish together with Guilin, so their morale is high. Moreover, the defenders mainly fought street battles with the Japanese army, and they put all the houses down. The local militia in Guangxi organized thousands of death squads. Their task is to tie grenades or explosives to their bodies, and then blow up Japanese tanks and landing craft with their own bodies.
1944, 10 year1October 28th, the Japanese army attacked Guilin on a large scale, and the battle of Guilin started. Japanese troops are on the plane.
1654381October 7, the Japanese army saw heavy casualties in the storm and quickly used a large number of gas bombs to attack the garrison positions in Guilin. Most of the defenders have never seen poisonous gas and don't know how to avoid it, so a large number of people died of poisoning. Among them, 800 Gui Jun soldiers (mostly wounded soldiers) arrived in Qixingyan for several days. After the Japanese army lost nearly 1,000 people, it poisoned Qixingyan, and a large number of Gui Jun officers and men were poisoned in Qixingyan.
Guilin fell in June 1944+065438+ 10/0. According to the record of The First Battle: The Battle of Guangxi in the War History Research Office of the Japanese Defense Agency, China's army "left 5665 corpses on the battlefield and 65438 prisoners +03 1565438". According to Yunsong Wei, commander of Guilin Yugoslav Defense Command, the Postwar Battle Report of Guilin recorded that there were about 9,000 casualties of China troops and more than 6,000 casualties of Japanese troops in the battle of Guilin.
The reason why the intensity of Guilin's defense was before the Japanese defense of Hengyang was because the equipment of Guilin defenders was much worse than that of Hengyang defenders, and many of them were local armed forces. More importantly, there has never been a soldier in Gui Jun who surrendered in a "sober" state (all the captured defenders were unconscious by poison gas). Even if they ran out of ammunition and were seriously injured, they still resisted to the death, and according to many Japanese memoirs, they were participating in the war.
Far less than Hengyang.
According to some data, the defenders in Guilin dealt a heavy blow to the attacking Japanese army, killing a total of 33,000 Japanese troops, killing 9 lieutenant generals and 3 1 captain. Some people even said that the Japanese army called Guilin Defence War and Kunlunguan Battle the two most heroic battles of China's army in the war of aggression against China.
Careful analysis shows that the total number of Japanese troops attacking Guilin is only 53,000. If there are 33,000 casualties, the casualty rate has exceeded 60%. In addition, the captain-level officers suffered great losses, so the troops with such heavy casualties must be replenished and rested before they can continue to fight. In fact, after the Japanese army captured Guilin, it almost didn't stop, and continued to advance southward, and the March was in full swing. In just 20 days, it occupied strategic places such as Nanning and Yishan, and occupied Dushan in Guizhou on February 2, 65438. In contrast, the Japanese army fought fiercely with the defenders 10 army at the gate of Hengyang for 47 days, which was a heavy casualty. It took two months to rest before launching a new offensive. It can be seen that the statement that the Japanese army suffered heavy casualties in Guilin campaign is very unreliable.
In addition, according to the data in "Guilin Garrison Combat Report" written by Yunsong Wei, the commander of Guilin city defense after the war, there were only more than 6,000 Japanese casualties. Moreover, the general battle report will exaggerate the casualties of the other side, and the data after water injection is only 6000. It can be seen that the real casualties of the Japanese army will definitely not be 6,000, and 3,000 casualties will be good.
The strength of the offensive and defensive sides in Guilin was 20,000 to 53,000, and the Hengyang War started from 65,438+0.7 million to 40,000, and finally reached 65,438+0.7 million to 90,000. Judging from the strength comparison, the strength disadvantage of Hengyang War is even more disparity. The duration of Guilin's defense war, calculated from the peripheral war, is 12 days. If we only calculate from the total siege time of the Japanese army, it is only 2 days, while the battle of Hengyang is 47 days. The gap is not a star and a half.
In terms of equipment, there are 1 artillery regiments, including 2 heavy artillery companies, 4 150 mm howitzers, 4 105 mm cannons, and 14 Shan Ye cannons, with a caliber of more than 75 mm and sufficient shells (30,000 shells were seized after the Japanese occupied Guilin), while Hengyang was on the defensive. On the whole, there is a big gap between Guilin defender and Hengyang defender.
However, no matter what the fighting situation is, the heroic deeds of the officers and men represented by 13 1 division commander Kan Weiyong and the defenders of Qixingyan cannot be denied. After liberation, the people of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region recognized Kan as a revolutionary martyr, and built a tomb for three generals Kan, Lu Zhanmeng and eight hundred heroes in Bawangping, Qixingyan, Putuo Mountain as a permanent memorial.
In the defending battle of Guilin, although some middle-and lower-level officers and men fought bloody battles, especially the Guangxi vigilante group, which spontaneously participated in the war, held crude and backward weapons and fought hand-to-hand with the Japanese army, it eventually fell quickly, mainly because of its high level. First, Bai Chongxi, who was in the high position of Deputy Chief of Staff of the Military Commission, was selfish before the war. In order to preserve the strength of Guangxi, we transferred from the two main divisions with the strongest fighting capacity, which greatly weakened the garrison force and caused the morale of the army to shake. Yunsong Wei, the commander of Guilin at that time, lacked the determination and belief to stick to Guilin. As soon as he saw that the situation was unfavorable, he hurriedly arranged to retreat. As a result, a division that did not suffer too much loss in the previous battle was defeated in the chaotic retreat and did not play its due role. In addition, the peripheral forces were slow to move and failed to form a favorable situation in time to cooperate with the defenders in the city, which was also one of the reasons for the final failure.
With the rapid fall of Guilin, the Japanese army rushed in and quickly opened the Xianggui Railway, all the way to Dushan, Guizhou. This is also the deepest point that the Japanese army went deep into the interior of China during the Anti-Japanese War, and Chongqing was shaken as a result, which had a great adverse impact on the overall situation of the Anti-Japanese War.