In 200 AD, Yuan Shao led a great army south to Guandu. Cao Cao used his plan to burn the grain and grass in Yuan Jun, defeated Yuan Shao and won the "Battle of Guandu". The battle of Guandu laid the foundation for Cao Cao to unify the north, and Yuan Shao never recovered. The battle of Guandu is a famous example in the history of ancient wars in China.
In the spring of the second year of Jian 'an (197), Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Cao Cao attacked and destroyed Yuan Shu in the name of "Feng Zhao can't be a minister". Then destroy Lu Bu and use the infighting of the propaganda department to obtain Hanoi County. From then on, Cao Cao's influence reached Guanzhong in the west and Yanzhou, Henan and Xuzhou in the east, controlling most of the areas south of the Yellow River and north of Huai Han, thus forming a confrontation with Yuan Shao in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
Yuan Shao's strength at that time far exceeded that of Cao Cao, so he was naturally unwilling to be under Cao Cao. He is determined to fight against Cao Cao. In June of the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Yuan Shao selected 65,438+10,000 elite soldiers and 10,000 war horses in an attempt to attack Xu Changnan, and the battle of Guandu began.
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The battle of Guandu is one of the famous examples in the history of China listed by Mao Zedong in the article "Strategic Issues of China Revolutionary War", that is, "the strength of the two sides is different, the weak takes the first step, and then the enemy attacks, thus winning". The outcome of the war depends on the political, military and economic conditions of both sides, but first of all, it is the contest of military strength of both sides.
In the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao's strength was obviously inferior to Yuan Shao's, and both manpower and material resources occupied an absolute advantage. But he attacked more with less, took advantage of it, and finally won a great victory. The way to win is worth pondering.
In this campaign, Cao Cao chose a good strategy, coordinated attack and defense, made many surprise attacks, and skillfully attacked it with fire, which burned up Yuan Jun's grain and grass, played an important role in victory, and concentrated on Cao Cao's excellent military strategy and command ability. This is a famous example in the history of China.
On the other hand, Yuan Shao, who had internal discord, was proud of underestimating his enemy and was headstrong. He repeatedly refused the correct suggestions of his subordinates, hesitated and lost opportunities again and again. In the end, the grain and grass were burned, the roads in the rear were copied, the morale of the army was shaken, the internal division was broken, and the whole army was wiped out.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Battle of Guandu (Historical Battle)
Baidu Encyclopedia-guandu town (guandu town, zhongmou county, Henan)
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cao Cao (founder of the Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms)
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuan Shao (warlord at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the heroes at the end of the Han Dynasty)