The literature about spinning wheel was first found in Dialect written by Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty, which recorded spinning wheel and track. The earliest images of animal spindles and spinning wheels can be found in Leucaena leucocephala in Linyi, Shandong, Han silk paintings and Han stone reliefs in Shanxi. So far, there have been no fewer than eight textile drawings, four of which are engraved with spinning wheels. 1956 The stone reliefs unearthed in Honglou, Tongshan, Jiangsu Province are engraved with vivid images of people weaving, spinning and adjusting silk, showing a scene of textile production activities in the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that the spinning wheel has become a universal spinning tool in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, it is not difficult to speculate that the appearance of spinning wheel should be earlier than this. [Edit this paragraph] Classification of spinning wheels The ancient spinning tools in China are divided into rocking spinning wheels, pedal spinning wheels and big spinning wheels. It is speculated that the manual spinning wheel appeared in the Warring States period, also known as shuttle, weft and weaving wheel. Usually it consists of a wooden frame, a spindle, a rope pulley and a handle, and there is also a hand-operated multi-spindle spinning wheel with the spindle mounted on the rope pulley. Pedal spinning wheel appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and its structure consists of spinning wheel mechanism and pedal part. The spinning wheel mechanism is similar to the hand spinning wheel, and the pedal mechanism consists of crank, pedal lever, protruding nail and other parts. The pedal rod drives the rope pulley and spindle to rotate through the crank to complete the twisting and drafting work. After the Northern Song Dynasty, a large spinning wheel appeared, and its structure consisted of twisting, winding, transmission and prime mover. The prime Mover is a big round wheel similar to the rope wheel of a manual spinning wheel, and its axle is equipped with a crank, which needs to be shaken by a special person with both hands. The hydraulic spinning wheel appeared in the late Southern Song Dynasty, which was popular in the Central Plains in the Yuan Dynasty and was mainly used to process linen and silk. This was the advanced textile machinery in the world at that time. The prime mover is a waterwheel with a large diameter, and the water flow impacts the spokes on the waterwheel to drive the spinning wheel to run. There are dozens of spindles on the big spinning wheel, twisting and winding are carried out at the same time, which has the embryonic form of modern spinning machinery. It can spin 100 kilograms a day and night, which is about 400 years earlier than the western hydraulic textile machinery. In modern society, the spinning wheel has gradually developed into a loom. However, due to the development of science and technology, both spinning wheels and looms have gradually faded out of people's sight. /B& gt； Home spinning wheel, which evokes people's imagination that the lifestyle of European cottages is similar to Indian rural productivity, originated in China. The earliest known introduction of spinning wheel in Europe was indirectly mentioned in the articles of association of a guild in Spayer, Germany, published around A.D. 1280.
The spinning wheel comes from the machine used to process silk fibers in China. A silk thread is several hundred meters long, and its tensile strength is 4570 kilograms per square centimeter, which is higher than any known plant fiber and close to some engineering materials. In China, no later than14th century BC, silkworms had been domesticated and the silk industry had developed. Although it is obvious that sericulture and silk industry have developed in the following centuries, silk industry needs winding machines to handle such long silk fibers from the beginning. This machine was mentioned in Shuo Wen Jie Zi published by 12 1 and again in Guangya published in 230. The series Ploughing and Weaving Map published in A.D. 1237 described the above machines for the first time.
This kind of weft winding machine, which winds the silk thread on the bobbin, also spread to Europe, which seems to be earlier than the spinning wheel. It is displayed in the window of Charteris Cathedral. Tracing back to A.D. 1240 to A.D. 1245, the textile machine was a weft winding machine, among which a machine with clearer patterns appeared in the trade of Ipsos around A.D. 1300.
China's weft winder can be traced back to at least 1 century BC. It is not clear when the spinning wheel was derived from the winding machine. If conservative, it can be said that this change occurred in 1 1 century. At this time, cotton planting has spread all over the country. Obviously, in order to handle cotton yarn, there is a difference between spinning wheel and weft winder. Of course, it is the smartest way to connect the spindle (spindle) with the big wheel through the conveyor belt to make the spindle (spindle) run at high speed.
When the spinning wheel first appeared is still uncertain. The literature about Fang was first recorded in Yang Xiong dialect in the Western Han Dynasty (53 years before-after 18 years), which was called "che" and "trace". The earliest images of a single spindle spinning wheel can be found in the Han paintings and stone reliefs of Jinque Shanxi in Linyi, Shandong Province. So far, there are no fewer than eight stone reliefs on textiles, four of which are engraved with spinning wheels. For example, in 1956, the stone relief unearthed in Honglou, Tongshan, Jiangsu Province was engraved with several vivid figures of spinning, weaving and adjusting silk, showing a scene of textile production activities in the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that the spinning wheel has become a universal spinning tool in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, it is not difficult to speculate that the appearance of spinning wheel should be earlier than this.