In 960 AD, the generals of the Later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, made Zhao Kuangyin emperor and established the Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the chaos in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Song Taizu adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining martial arts. On the one hand, it strengthens centralization, on the other hand, it deprives military commanders of military power. When Song Zhenzong and Song Renzong arrived, the State of Jin invaded the south in a large scale in 1 125, which led to the shame of Jingkang and the collapse of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou succeeded to the throne in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and established the Southern Song Dynasty. After the Shaoxing peace talks, he and the State of Jin took the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River as the boundary. Later, song and yuan war broke out and the Yuan Army captured Lin 'an on 1276. After the war between Yashan and Shanhai, the Southern Song Dynasty perished.
Song dynasty was an era of high prosperity in China's ancient commodity economy, culture, education and scientific innovation? In the third year of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty (1000), the total GDP of China was $26.55 billion? , accounting for 22.7% of the world economy, with a per capita GDP of $450 and a peak of $600, both exceeding the per capita GDP of Western Europe of $400 at that time, while the per capita GDP of Britain after the first industrial revolution of 1820 was 1707.
Neo-Confucianism rose in the Song Dynasty, Confucianism revived, science and technology advanced by leaps and bounds, and politics became more open and honest. In the last Song Dynasty, there was no serious eunuch dictatorship and warlord regime, and the number and scale of mutiny and civil strife were relatively small in the history of China. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the rice-growing population increased rapidly, from 3,765,438+million in the five years of Taiping and Xingguo (980) to 6,065+million in Xuanhe (165).
Chen Yinque, a famous historian, said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties." Many western and Japanese historians believe that the Song Dynasty was a renaissance and economic revolution in China's history.
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