The development and origin of film 1893, T.A. Edison invented the film mirror and founded the "prison car" studio, which is regarded as the beginning of American film history. 1896, the launch of the Vita projector began the large-scale screening of American movies. 19 At the end of the 20th century, American urban industry developed and the middle and lower class residents increased rapidly. Movies became a kind of mass entertainment to meet the needs of urban civilians. First in the song and dance playground, and then in a small theater, after the performance. 1905 appeared in Nickelodeon Cinema in Pittsburgh (admission fee is 5 cents) and soon spread to all towns in the United States. By 19 10, there are as many as 36 million movie audiences every week. At that time, all films were single, with a monthly output of 400. The main production bases are in new york, such as Edison Company, Bevograf Company and Vitagraf Company. 1903 The Life of an American Firefighter and great train robbery by E.S. Porter developed the film from a novel to an art, and editing technology was applied in the film, and Porter became the first director to create dramatic effects through cross-editing. High income and fierce competition. From 1897, Edison applied for a patent. On 1908, the film patent company controlled by Edison was established with the patent 16. By 19 10, film patent companies monopolized the production, distribution and screening of American films. In order to get rid of the monopoly of patent companies, independent filmmakers went to Hollywood, a small town on the outskirts of Los Angeles, far from new york and Chicago, with unique natural conditions and close to the Mexican border. Once the patent company files a lawsuit, they can escape. David Griffith joined Bevograf Company on 1907, and directed the first film "Adventures of Peach and Plum" the following year. By 19 12, nearly 400 films had been shot for the company, and the focus of shooting gradually shifted to Hollywood, and many famous actors later were discovered and trained, such as M. Seinert, M. Bikefu, Gish sisters and so on. After the golden age of American movies ended, major companies began to disintegrate or change production in the middle of India, and Hayes Code was officially abolished. Then came the mini cinema, the art cinema and the drive-in cinema. Both independent films and experimental films have developed. Film history, China (1896- 1949) There is light in the world, and then there is shadow. Film is a modern invention, which can bring the relationship between light and shadow to the extreme. Some people think that movies can be traced back to the lantern shadow play in the Han Dynasty and the shadow play that followed. However, the truly meaningful movies were not invented by China, but by Europe with advanced modern technology. 1895 12.28 The successful screening of Lumiere Brothers in Cafe Capesin Road 14 in Paris officially marked the arrival of the film era. Since China had nothing to do with the invention of films, the development of China films began with film screening. 1896, Lumir brothers hired twenty assistants to show movies on five continents. In this way, the film, a cultural product with both artistic and commodity values, was introduced into China under the impetus of the business strategy of western businessmen to expand the market. Subsequently, many European and American businessmen saw that China's film industry was profitable and invested in China. They run the projection industry, build and develop chain cinemas, and even set up a film enterprise in China to make films. From 1896 to the 1920s, although foreign investors occupied a monopoly position in the film market in China, they could not stop the film activities in China. 1903, students from Germany returned to China with films and projectors, and rented Tianle Tea Garden in Qianmen Grinding Factory in Beijing to show films. 1905 Ren Qingtai of Beijing Fengtai Photo Studio filmed a segment of Dingjun Mountain, a Peking Opera starring him, for the birthday of Tan Xinpei, an old Beijing Opera dancer. From the beginning, China's films were combined with China's traditional opera and rap art, forming a unique film type. However, Fengtai photo studio, which first tried to shoot this kind of film, was only a small enterprise, not a film institution. It was not until the appearance of the "Film Department" of the Commercial Press that it truly represented the beginning of the film industry in China. During this period, in addition to business, film production institutions appeared one after another, including Asian film companies invested by American businessmen, fantasy fairies, China, Shanghai and New Asia. Because most of their members came from the drama stage, most of the film themes and contents at that time came from China opera and civilized opera. In addition, they also began to shoot short stories and feature films, and made the most preliminary exploration and attempt on film art. Respondents added that 2009-07- 15 02:5 1 China film was born in 1905, and it has gone through various historical stages such as semi-feudal and semi-colonial period in China, revolutionary war period, new China construction period, cultural revolution period, reform and opening-up period, and new period of building a well-off society in an all-round way. It has gone through the process of technological change from silence to sound, from black and white to color, from analog to digital, and from tradition to modern. At different stages of development, China's films have left outstanding masterpieces:1During the pioneering period in the 1920s, there were progressive films with the theme of social change, such as "The Orphan Save the Ancestor"; During the Anti-Japanese War and National Salvation, there were films such as "Crazy Flow" and "Chinese Sons and Daughters" that inspired fighting spirit and promoted patriotism. After the Anti-Japanese War, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon, and a river of spring water flowed eastward. Profoundly reveal social contradictions and essence, and form a realistic creation trend. She said that during the 17 years after the founding of 1949 New China, a large number of excellent works combining realism and romanticism emerged, which shaped a large number of screen images with strong national style and formed the first climax of the development of new China films; Ten years after the Cultural Revolution, China's films came out of the low tide, producing a large number of excellent films, such as Little Flower and Man in Middle Age, which reflected the reform practice and criticized the social malpractice. Especially in the late 1980s and early 1990s, major revolutionary historical films such as founding ceremony and Armageddon, and realistic films such as Jiao and Phoenix Piano reached the second climax. In the 1990s, Shi said that China films have successively implemented major measures, such as film and television merger reform, film quality project, rural film projection project, film shareholding system and group reform, and made new breakthroughs and improvements in artistic quality and form. In addition to Kong Fansen, The Day I Left Lei Feng, Xi Lian, The Mountain, The Man, The Dog and other works, there are new styles of New Year's greeting films and comedies such as Be there or be square, and a large number of new forces have emerged. In the new century, China film has formed a new pattern of coordinated development of state-owned, collective and private, and the film development has embarked on a virtuous circle. Masterpieces such as Deng Xiaoping, Hoh Xil and The Past of Taiwan have achieved both social and economic benefits, while domestic blockbusters such as Hero and Myth have occupied a dominant position in the China market, creating a box office miracle for China films in the world cinema. Over the past three years, more than 30 films in China have won awards at more than 40 international film festivals, marking the arrival of the third development climax.