The word "China" is not only the name of a region, but also the name of a lineage, but the name of a cultural family ... and so on. The reason why China is China is certain in terms of culture, not in terms of bloodline. So, if you want to know why the' Chinese nation' is a nation, it was already defined in it when it was named. "

As soon as the word "Chinese nation" came out, it was widely recognized by the intellectual elite.

It spread quickly and became a famous identity card for a nation to go global. -this should be the author Yang Du didn't think of.

Yang Du was born in Xiangtan, Hunan. His real name is Yang Chengzan, and he is good at writing. His ancestors were a family of squires who had been farming for generations.

During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, Yang Du's grandfather joined the Xiang Army, and the official was the fourth officer; Yang's father served in a military camp.

When Yang Du was nine years old, his father died and he was adopted by his uncle Yang. After returning home, he was accepted as a disciple by Wang Kaiyun, a scholar in this province, in the name of "gifted scholar".

Wang Kaiyun, known as "Xiang Qi's old man", is famous for his familiarity with the art of emperors. Yang Du, a master of Chinese studies, was ambitious since he was a child, ready to be the teacher of a generation of emperors.

After the "Gengzi Rebellion", Empress Dowager Cixi realized the importance of establishing the New Deal, so she ordered to send someone to discuss with the old man Xiang Qi about sending young overseas students.

Despite the teacher's objection, Yang Du resolutely went to Japan at his own expense and became an old classmate of Huang Xing and others.

That year, Yang Du was twenty-seven years old.

In the second year of studying in Japan, Qing * * * felt the lack of talents, accepted the proposal of the new school, and held the "special economic course" under the imperial edict.

Yang Du, a talented person from Hunan Province, was recommended to take the Jinshi exam in the Forbidden City. After the announcement, Yang Du ranked first and second among 186 "top talents", second only to Guangdong Liang Shiyi.

Unfortunately, when Empress Dowager Cixi summoned the Minister of Military Affairs, she heard that many imperial examiners were infiltrated by the "new party" and were ordered to be wanted. Yang Du was betrayed by his fellow villagers and had to flee to Beijing.

When he went to Japan again, he became famous because he was wanted. His "Hunan Youth Song" touched countless people with lofty ideals for a time.

One sentence, "If * * * dies in the road, everyone will die except Hunan", inspired the hearts of many young people in Hunan, including * * *!

The Yellow River, another poem by Yang Du, was written by Shen Xingong and became a patriotic song sung by the school in the late Qing Dynasty.

"Outside the Great Wall, on the edge of Hetao,

Yellow sand and white grass are barren.

Drinking in Liang Hai, riding on Wulashan, vowed never to be defeated and never to look back.

Blow the cymbals and watch me win. "

At the end of 20th century, China music circle selected "classic songs of 20th century", which ranked first because of its profound significance, ahead of Li Shutong's Farewell.

At this time, Yang wrote first-class lyrics and first-class political opinions.

1905, two ministers who were ordered to go abroad found Yang Du and asked him to write articles about the situation in eastern and western countries. Yang Du's appointment this time is tantamount to once again showing his keen thinking and extraordinary literary talent.

His two important documents, The Outline of China Should Absorb the Advantages of Eastern and Western Countries and The Procedure of Implementing * * *, were recognized by the imperial court and became the blueprint of the Qing court's constitutionalism.

Soon, he was jointly recommended by Zhang Zhidong and Yuan Shikai in the name of "mastery of the Constitution", was appointed as a candidate for the official position of Jingtang, and entered the editorial office of * * *.

Yang Du finally won the "Top Scholar" and became the first person in the Qing Dynasty. Even Liang Qichao, who was famous all over the world at that time, secretly praised him as a "national scholar."

What is a national scholar?

"Stone kingdom is a pioneer of the times, with advanced views and extraordinary military strategy. He is a thinker and politician first, and then a writer. The' certificate' of Shiguo was issued by two' judges' of public opinion and history at that time. "

After becoming an official, Yang Du always appreciated Yuan Shikai's kindness to meet him.

A year later, Guangxu and Cixi died one after another. Yuan Shikai was suspected by Zai Feng of the New Deal to be related to the informer of the Reform Movement of 1898, and was sentenced to "leave a vacancy and go back to his hometown to raise a wife".

Yuan Shikai went home with his servant in dismay. My classmates and old friends in the army avoided suspicion and didn't come to see me off. However, two senior cabinet officials did not avoid suspicion and rushed to the podium to say goodbye. One of them is Yang Du.

Later, in the sensitive period, he still went to Huanshang Village in the old hospital to have a look. It happened that the court sent someone to reactivate Yuan Shikai. Yang Du advised Lao Yuan not to obey orders and to wait and see.

This trick really works. Lao Yuan said that he was ill and refused to give orders, so the court had to hand over all the front-line command to Lao Yuan, and later awarded him the position of Prime Minister of the Cabinet.

When Yuan Shikai reshuffled the cabinet, Yang Du became a minister, that is, an assistant minister of various ministries before the New Deal, and a senior official.

On 19 1 1 year (19 1 1), 65438+February 9, Yuan Shikai accepted the proposal of acting as the marshal of the southern independent province and made every effort to promote the abdication of the Qing court. As a condition, he became the president of the Republic of China as he wished.

Yang Du, a descendant of Imperial Learning, understood that Yuan Shikai was the only person he wanted to assist in the late Qing Dynasty.

In the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15), Yuan Shikai, who was suppressed by various parliamentary politics, had the evil idea of changing the state system.

In July of that year, Yuan, the eldest son, hosted a banquet for Liang Qichao and Yang Du. During the dinner, Xiao Yuan talked about the disadvantages of * * * and the system, showing the intention of changing the national system. Liang objected on the spot, but Yang Du suddenly found the pulse of father and son.

In August, Goodnow, the president's diplomatic strategist, wrote an article "Living in Harmony with the Monarchy", which clearly concluded that it is better for China to adopt a monarchy than a harmonious system.

Yang Du, the mastermind, knew the opportunity was coming. He went to see the President and asked for instructions to set up a special "research institution".

With the acquiescence of Lao Yuan, Yang Du and several influential people set up the "Office of the Security Council"; Since he became the chairman of the board, he has thrown out the theory of saving the country by the monarch and written it for many days.

"Most people don't know what * * * is and what the so-called law and freedom and equality mean."

Yang Du believes that it is precisely because of the low political literacy of the people that the current chaotic political situation has emerged. The only way to strengthen the country and enrich the people is to adopt the constitutional monarchy system.

Yang Du's heroic prose scratched the most itchy place of Lao Yuan.

He personally presented Yang Du with a plaque of "outstanding talents", which was equivalent to pointing out the direction for local officials. Opposition voices from all over the country quickly changed direction because of Yuan's clear statement.

Soon, many * * * groups appeared on the streets of Beijing, demanding to change the state system. In many * * * groups, there are even "coachmen * * * groups" and "beggars * * * groups".

All representatives of public opinion only need to write "yes" or "no" on the "constitutional monarchy" ticket and put it in the box, and they can get a few hundred yuan in travel expenses. -This farce was passed by a unanimous vote in favor of constitutional monarchy.

However, this retrogressive behavior is bound to be opposed by all parts of the country.

With the approaching of Yunnan Defence Force's eastward expedition, the old headquarters of Beiyang Army joined the rebellion, and Dongjiaominxiang (the seat of foreign ministries of various countries) refused to recognize the new empire. Lao Yuan was caught in a diplomatic dilemma and had to announce the abolition of the imperial system in a hurry.

Yuan Shikai's "* * *" only lived 83 days. On June 6th, Yuan Shikai died in a cursed life.

According to Yuan Qizi, when his father died, he shouted "cheat"; There are also rumors that before he died, Lao Yuan said bitterly, "Yang Du missed me."

On the second day of Yuan Shikai's death, Yang Du went to * * * to express his condolences, leaving his impressive elegy:

* * * and the Republic of China, the Republic of China and * * *? A hundred years later, it is a prison;

Jun Xian gave birth to Gong Ming, Gong Mingsheng gave birth to Jun Xian, under the grave, three times.

After Li came to power, he raised a gentleman in Lu 'an and became a street rat. Yang Du was forced to flee to Tianjin Concession to avoid disaster.

Since then, he has stayed away from politics and studied Buddhist scriptures and calligraphy. Later, Sun Yat-sen and the northern warlords turned against each other and were shelled. Yang Du once went out to help Sun Yat-sen and * * * avoid great disasters.

Later, he joined Sun Yat-sen and became a very valued person ... Unfortunately, Sun Shi died three years later, and the hero Yang Du was once again left out in the cold. ...

Yes 193 1 year. On a late autumn night, Pan Hannian found Xia Yan, the underground party at that time, through Liangyou Book Company.

They took a taxi to a small villa, and Pan introduced a gentleman in his fifties.

They seem to know each other very well, and there is not much greeting between them. They talked for a while, but Xia Yan didn't know the names of the people involved.

Before he left, the middle-aged gentleman gave Pan Hannian a box of cigars, which seemed to be a parting gift.

Out of the door, Pan Hannian repeatedly warned Xia Yan that this person is a famous figure, secret party member, and he will tell us many useful things. You can't ignore him.

Xia Yan had been in contact with this middle-aged gentleman for half a year before telling him frankly: "My name is Yang Xizi, Yang Du." This really surprised Xia Yan.

Yang Du, the chief culprit of the empire, the guest of the warlord * *, and the follower of the fearless green gang leader Du in Shanghai, turned out to be a comrade of our party! This scene is simply legendary!

In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), Yang Du died suddenly in September of 17 at the age of 56.

"Who knows the national scholar on the market?" It's a poem that Yang Du lamented, and it also reveals the author's sad mood.

He spent his whole life trying to save the country by helping extraordinary people. Perhaps it is a defect in his personality, or perhaps he pinned his ideal on the monarchy system, not the harmonious system, and chose the wrong direction.

However, Yang Du is worthy of the name of "the national scholar" because of his profound contribution to "destroying the family and solving problems".

At that time, in order to rescue his friend Li Dazhao, he sold his residence in Beijing, Yuelu. A few years later, in order to help Li Dazhao's survivors and fellow martyrs, the foreign building in Qingdao was sold.

Yang Du, who lost his private residence, can only live on the housing provided by Du, plus the monthly salary of 600 yuan, plus his own calligraphy and painting. In the early years of the Republic of China, he condescended to be Du's "guest" and what to eat when he came.

However, when you know that he has been developed into a member of * * * "Kurt" by Zhou Enlai, use his celebrity status to hunt for priceless information while chatting with new friends, drinking tea and playing mahjong, and then transfer it to Pan Hannian and others. How can you feel?

Yang Du is probably the only celebrity who can turn dangerous spy work into an elegant life.

During his years as Du Fu's secretary and spy, Yang Du joined Shanghai's "Chinese Freemasons" and made huge donations.

"China Freemasonry" rescued many victims of political persecution at that time, imprisoned political prisoners, and many children of leaders wandering in the streets.

Unfortunately, Yang Du's epic achievements were gradually buried in a series of insecure movements after the founding of New China.