1873, when Zai Chun came of age, Cixi announced her abdication in politics, but she still had something on her hands. The following year, Zai Chun died, and Zai Tian, the imperial clan of Empress Dowager Cixi, succeeded to the throne, with the title "Guangxu".
1889, Zai Tian got married and came of age. Cixi announced that she would "return to politics" and retire to the Summer Palace. However, North Korea's personnel administration is still in its hands, and Emperor Guangxu actually lives in a puppet position.
1894, Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War. That year, it coincided with Cixi's 60th birthday, and it was planned to "celebrate in the Summer Palace, following the example of Kangxi and Qianlong years, and set up colored sheds, altars and celebrations from the inside to the garden". Mobilize naval funds, repair the Summer Palace, decorate the scenery and collect donations. So he supported Li Hongzhang's idea of compromise and surrender to Japan.
Preparations for the 60th Anniversary Celebration began at the beginning of the year. In August, the Sino-Japanese War intensified, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development wrote "Please stop the project", and Cixi was furious. Weng Tonghe, Minister of Military Affairs of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, was forced to change his tune: "The investigation and suspension refers to ordinary projects in the future, and the work already set up by it does not need to stop." Some courtiers of the warring factions have been at large, demanding that the "finishing touch" be stopped and used for military spending. Cixi was furious and said, "whoever makes me unhappy today, I will make him unhappy for life."
In September, China and Lu Haijun were defeated one after another, and Cixi was more eager for peace. On September 27, Weng Tonghe, the military affairs minister who forced the main battle, went to Tianjin to discuss the armistice and peace with Li Hongzhang. June 23, 65438+1October 65438+1October ordered princes and provincial officials to put the "60-year-old tribute" into the star. 165438+1On October 7th, the Japanese army occupied Dalian Bay, which was Cixi's birthday. The military emergency telegram flew ahead, and Cixi was unmoved. In the Summer Palace, someone congratulated me on my ascension to the temple, held a big banquet and invited a group of ministers. I enjoyed the play for three days in a row, and my business was postponed.
165438+1On October 22nd, Lushun, the stronghold of Beiyang Navy, fell, but Cixi still disagreed and turned her finger at the hawks headed by Emperor Guangxu. 165438+1On October 26th, Cixi summoned the Minister of Military Aircraft in Yiluan Hall, when Emperor Guangxu was absent. Suddenly announced that "Jin, Zhen all kinds of misdeeds have asked for intervention, that is, to surrender to the nobility." He also sent Zhi Rui, the younger brother of Jin and Zhen, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, to guard Uriah Terrace. Princess Zhen was a favorite of Guangxu and supported Guangxu's main battle against Japan. At that time, some main battle officials in the imperial court were dissatisfied with Cixi and Li Hongzhang's kneeling down to Japan, so they married the second princess's brother Zhirui, "secretly communicating with the palace and letting Zhen Fei go online" to promote Guangxu's anti-Japanese war. 10 year10.28, Wen personally played: "The Japanese aggressors and the ministers of Xinjiang have their own plans, but what they want is strictly discussed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs", impeaching Li Hongzhang and others, "only wanting peace" and "waiting for attack", and "pleading for the Japanese and Beiyang ministers to be strictly discussed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to preserve the national law" at this time, Cixi began to pay tribute. Cixi chose to punish Princess Guangxu and her younger brother at this time, with the aim of cracking down on the pacifists and demonstrating to Guangxu. On February 4, 65438, Prince Gong Yixin was also appointed Minister of Military Aircraft, and Manchu sinology was cancelled, which further strengthened the forces of pacifists and cut off the forces of hawks around Guangxu.
1at the end of 894, the Qing court became more and more desperate in the war, and Cixi's heart for peace became more and more urgent. Zhang, Shao Youlian was sent to Japan to make peace. The Japanese government refused to hold this meeting on the pretext that China's envoy did not fully authorize it. When the negotiation failed and the envoy was rejected, Cixi was extremely frightened. She has ordered Shuntianfu to prepare chariots and mules, intending to flee to Shanxi.
After the Japanese government refused to make peace in Hiroshima, it immediately attacked Ahava, another base of Beiyang Navy. On the 27th, Ahava was captured and the Beiyang Navy was destroyed. At the beginning of March, the lower reaches of Liaohe River were launched, and within six days, Niuzhuang, Yingkou and Tianzhuangtai were even trapped. At this point, the capitulators headed by Cixi made up their minds to surrender to Japan. In March, they sent Li Hongzhang as the first-class plenipotentiary and went to Japan for peace again. /kloc-in April of 0/7, they signed the treaty of shimonoseki, which was an unprecedented humiliating treaty in the history of China. After the news came out, the whole country was furious and denounced the traitorous behavior of Cixi and Li Hongzhang. People posted "Long live without borders and celebrate with the whole world" at the gate of Beijing. The antithetical couplet protest of "the defeat of the three armed forces is based on the peace of the land" According to treaty of shimonoseki, the Japanese army began to send troops to invade Taiwan Province Province in June, which was met with heroic resistance from the people of Taiwan Province Province. On the one hand, Cixi ordered officials from Taiwan Province Province to cross the border, and forbidden military and civilian support against Japan in Taiwan Province Province. At the same time, she set up a ceiling in the Summer Palace to prepare for the summer vacation. People also wrote a couplet entitled "Taiwan Province Province has been returned to Japan, and the ceiling of the Summer Palace has been erected", denouncing Cixi for treason.
After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War, Emperor Guangxu was angry at the defeat, cut off the stage, thought about it, and made up his mind to reform. 1June, 898, the imperial edict of the state affairs was promulgated and the political reform was implemented. In September, Cixi staged a coup to stifle the New Deal, imprisoned Emperor Guangxu in Yingtai and began to come back for political training.
1900, Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing, and Cixi fled xi 'an with Guangxu. On February 14 of the following year, the outline of peace talks was approved and the shameless policy of "measuring China's material resources and winning the favor of the country" was promulgated. On September 7 th, the "Xin Chou Treaty" was signed, which humiliated the country. 1902 back to Beijing. Since then, Cixi has been "afraid of outsiders' power and willing to accept whatever she wants".