The beautiful, sad and touching love story of Runan, the hometown of Liangzhu, China (10), a thousand-year-old county, has been circulated in Liangzhu (Maxiang) Town, runan county, Henan Province for many years. According to legend, during the Western Jin Dynasty in China, a young student named Liang Shanbo left home to study, but he met Zhu Yingtai, a student disguised as a man. As soon as they met, they became like-minded, so they became brothers in Caoqiao and later came to Hongluoshan Academy. In the academy, the two get along day and night, and their feelings are getting deeper and deeper. Three years later, Yingtai returned to China, and Shanbo sent him for eighteen miles. They said goodbye. Shanbo, instructed by his mistress, came to Zhujiajian to propose marriage with the butterfly jade fan left by Yingtai. After returning home, he was sad and angry, and he couldn't afford to get sick and died. Yingtai was heartbroken to hear that Shanbo died for himself. Soon, the Ma family came to get married, and Yingtai was so angry that she got into a sedan chair. Walking to the side of Shanbo's tomb, Yingtai insisted on getting off the sedan chair, wept bitterly and worshipped the dead, died of excessive grief and was buried in the east side of Shanbo's tomb. It is said that when Yingtai was forced to get married, she made a detour to worship Liang Shanbo's tomb. Under the induction of Zhu Yingtai's wailing, the tomb burst, Yingtai jumped into the tomb, the tomb reunited, the wind stopped raining, the rainbow hung high, and Liang Zhu turned into a butterfly, flying in the world. Butterflies fly
(2) According to Mr. Fan, deputy director of Jining Cultural Relics Bureau, president of Jining Liangzhu Research Association and a famous Liangzhu cultural expert, there are indeed Liangzhu in history, and the story between them is a real historical event. Their birthplace is in the hometown of Confucius and Mencius. Ma Po is the hometown of Zhu and Ma. It is adjacent to the northern shore of Weishan Lake in the west of ancient Zou Yi. During the period of Tang Wude (AD 6 18-626), there was a tomb of Liang Zhu in Ma Po, Zouxian County (now Weishan County), Jining City, and a stone tablet of "Tomb of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" was erected. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a stone statue of Liang Zhu in the reading room of Liang Zhu in Jining City. Cui, the imperial envoy of the Ming Dynasty, the right assistant minister of Nanjing Ministry of Industry and the right deputy imperial adviser of the former Duchayuan, found that the old Liangzhu tomb built in the Tang Dynasty was dilapidated and ordered to be rebuilt. The tombstone was buried for a long time after siltation. On June 27th, 2003, the reconstruction ceremony of "Rebuilding the Monument to the Tomb of Liang Shanbo in Zhu Yingtai" was held ceremoniously by the Liangzhu Culture Research Association of Jining City and Weishan County People's Government. This is the only tombstone among the nine existing tombs of Liang Zhu in China. The monument was erected by an imperial envoy of Ming Dynasty, right assistant minister of Nanjing Ministry of Industry and right assistant minister of former Supervision Institute Cui. He is the official with the highest official position, the heaviest position and the most powerful power in the history of China, and witnessed Liang Zhu's hometown. Moreover, the inscription reflects a very important fact: from Cui's "Writing a Book and Playing a Name" to the emperor's promise to "serve" to Zhao's "Ding You Gong's former knowledge of Duchang County"; Langzhi Zouxian ancient Weiyang precept; Dr Meng Yuan's forehead of Yasheng's 57th generation hereditary imperial academy Five Classics ". It can be said that the restoration of Liang Zhu's tomb went from emperors and central officials to celebrities such as duchang county and Zouxian in Jiangxi. It can be seen that the birthplace of Liang Zhu's story and the hometown of Liang Zhu have already been confirmed by the Ming government and even the imperial court. Liu, a researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences and chairman of China Folklore Society, He, a researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences and vice chairman of China Folklore Society, Li, former president of Shandong Folklore Society, vice president of Shandong Folklore Society and director of Shandong University Folklore Institute attended the excavation ceremony. The excavation of this monument has attracted great attention from the news media. CCTV, People's Daily, Xinhua News Agency, Popular Daily, Qilu Evening News and other domestic news media and foreign news media such as South Korea, Japan, Singapore and the United States reported on this, which caused a huge sensation at home and abroad in a short time and attracted great attention from the world. This is the only tombstone among the nine existing tombs of Liang Zhu in China, with 843 words, which is completely different from myths and legends. It not only indicates the location of the joint burial, but also points out the reasons why local officials ordered the joint burial. The inscription said that Zhu Yingtai was an only child, disguised as a man, and went to Yishan in Zoucheng to study. She met Liang Shanbo from Jiuqu Village in Wuqiaodong, and they were together, teaching in Yishan. She is a classmate during the day and sleeps together at night. She has been puzzled by clothes for three years. She is a believer in studious people. One day Yingtai went home homesick, and Shanbo learned the truth and called at home. After a while, he finally fell ill and was buried in Wuqiao East (according to Zou County's records, this bridge was flooded during the Qin Long period of the Ming Dynasty). When Yingtai saw the arrival of the Ma family, she was deeply concerned about Shanbo, so she gave up her life for justice and died of grief. The squire called it a festival and buried Shanbo's grave. According to the inscription and field investigation, the legendary story of Liang Zhu first happened in Weishan County, Jining City. The reason is that the Ma Po stone tablet is the earliest time to record the story of Liang Zhu. Don't say that the monument was recorded according to the external discipline. Even if it was erected in Zheng De for eleven years, it was much earlier than the Annals of Ningbo and Yixing in the late Qing Dynasty. Geographically, it is in line with reality. Liang Zhu's Tomb is located in the southwest of Ma Po Village, about three kilometers north of Jiuqu Village where Zhu Yingtai is located, and about ten kilometers southeast of Liangbo Village where Liang Shanbo is located. It is reasonable to say that Zhu Yingtai met Shanbo when he went to study in Wuqiao, Yishan. Regarding the age of the story, Fan believes that according to the epitaph, the story should have originated in the Han Dynasty at the earliest. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, there was social unrest, and such stories had no social background. The system of selecting officials can't make Liang Zhu embark on the road of studying to be an official. Only in the Han Dynasty, when the society was stable and Confucianism was dominant, did the story of Liang Zhu come into being. Jining is the city with the largest number of cultural relics unearthed in the Han Dynasty, and most of the national Han steles come from Jining, the hometown of Confucius and Mencius. There are many Han tombs in Jining, and there are many large-scale funerary objects, which are famous all over the country. The more representative ones are: the Wu Tomb in Jiaxiang, han group in Jiulong Mountain in Qufu, han group, the king of Rencheng, etc. These are all the reflections of the social custom of paying attention to heavy burial at that time. In addition, it is particularly noteworthy that relevant archaeologists are studying the cemeteries around Liang Zhu's tomb. Based on this, it can be further inferred that this tomb is a Han Dynasty tomb in Liang Zhu. These are the real live video reports of the TV program "Searching for Liang Zhu" interviewing Mapo Liang Zhu's tomb. On March 17, 2003, professional archaeologists organized by the Archaeological Research Office of Jining Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics entered Ma Po and collected small-scale physical evidence from Liangzhu Tomb. The exploration results show that a large slate with a length of 4 meters from east to west, 6 meters from east and a depth of 1.8 meters was found in Liangzhu tombstone. According to analysis, it is considered as a table for rebuilding Liangzhu Temple in Ming Dynasty. A stone slab with the same size as Liang Zhu's tomb monument was found in the west 1 m and 2.0 m deep where Liang Zhu's tomb monument is located, and it was analyzed as the tombstone of Liang Shanbo's tomb in Ming Dynasty. According to Xiao Guangying, director of the office of Mapo Municipal Education Commission, in 1968, he and several students from Zoucheng went to see the "Liang Zhu" monument and found that an avatar on the monument had been dug up. They found a shovel to dig down and found that there were five characters "Tomb of Liang Shanbo" in front of the monument, and there were forest circles, temples, monuments and wings on the back. At that time, they didn't look at tombstones, but tombstones. A large number of building bricks and stones were found in the "Liang Zhu Tomb Monument" which is 0/0m north and 2m deep. Bricks and tiles with a hard surface earlier than that of the Ming Dynasty were found in other directions of the "Liang Zhu Tomb Monument" at a depth of 4.3 meters. Slate and ancient soil were found at a depth of 4.3 meters after the "Liang Zhu Tomb Monument". At the same time, a large number of Han Dynasty stone tablets have been found in Jiuqu Village where Zhu Yingtai is located. Wu Qi, propaganda officer of the Party Committee of Ma Po Township Government in Weishan County, is an enthusiastic person in Liang Zhu cultural research. For more than 65,438+00 years, he has been visiting local people and collecting information about Liang Zhu. Just after the tomb of Liang Shanbo in Zhu Yingtai was unearthed, Wu Qi discovered a new important clue. He found a small piece of broken stone tablet of Han Dynasty from Jiuqu Village, engraved with several words of Zhu surname. This small monument made him very excited, indicating that there was indeed Zhu's life in Jiuqu Village of Han Dynasty. This is a powerful proof that Liang Zhu was a native of Jining in Han Dynasty. Through the textual research on the legend of Liangzhu recorded in the inscription, ancient villages, ancient transportation, story locations and surname customs, the results are consistent with the legend and the inscription, which can be described as seamless. Therefore, the author thinks that Liang Zhu has been sleeping for more than two thousand years in the present Liangzhu Cemetery, which is well-founded. Butterfly lovers did exist in history, including Ma Wencai, whose native place was in the hometown of Confucius and Mencius. Ma Po is the hometown of Zhu and Ma, and the two cities are the hometown of Liang. 3. Lu Xiaonong, a cultural researcher in Liang Zhu, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, believes that from the historical records, the written records of Liang Zhu's story first appeared in Yixing. Many experts in Jiangsu academic, historical and tourism circles believe that from Song Xianchun's piling records to Feng Menglong's legendary novels in Ming Dynasty, there are a lot of documents and other evidences to prove that Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai belong to Yixing people. 4. Ma, an expert on culture and chairman of the Literary Federation of Yinzhou District, Ningbo, said that according to his textual research on Yinzhou County Records, it should be from Yinzhou and Shangyu. In fact, the story of "Liang Zhu" has different versions in Ningbo and Runan. Legend of Runan: In Jin Dynasty, Liang Zhu was a classmate for three years, but failed to see that Zhu Yingtai was a daughter. Later, it was betrothed to the Ma family. Liang Shanbo can't propose, so he can't get sick. Before he died, he asked his family to bury himself by the road where Zhu Yingtai's wedding sedan chair passed, so that he could see Zhu Yingtai get married. When Zhu Yingtai learned about it, he got married in mourning. When the sedan chair passed Liang Shanbo's grave, he got out of the sedan chair and died in front of the willow tree. Legend of Ningbo: Liang Shanbo was the magistrate of Yinzhou County in Jin Dynasty. He is an honest and good official. Because he offended powerful people and was mutilated to death, people built a big tomb for him. Zhu Yingtai, a chivalrous woman in Shangyu in Ming Dynasty, robbed the rich and helped the poor, and was later killed by powerful people. In order to commemorate them, the local people buried two people together and got married. According to verification, the original version of "The Theory of the Two Dynasties" was the oral story of the people in eastern Zhejiang collected by 1982 Shan Hai Jing newspaper, not a historical record. In fact, according to the historical facts that Xie An's story about Liang Zhu was reported to the imperial court in Jin Dynasty, Zhu Yingtai's tomb was named "adopted daughter's tomb", which was recorded in historical materials as early as Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. In addition, the legend of Liang Zhu was introduced to Korea in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and their names and life stories were recorded in Korean history books in the Song Dynasty. It seems that this "theory of two dynasties" is a subjective imagination of the people, and its credibility is open to question. In runan county, there is the tomb of Liang Zhu, which is located on both sides of the ancient official road in Mazhuang Township. The unearthed tomb walls prove that both tombs belong to the Jin Dynasty. Butterfly lovers was not engaged and could not be buried together, which was in line with the custom at that time. In Ningbo, there is also a mausoleum where Liang Zhu and his wife are buried together. 6. The legend of Liang Zhu originated in the Jin Dynasty. The earliest existing written material is Liang Zaiyan's Ten Ways and Four Stories in the Early Tang Dynasty. The composition of Xuanshizhi in the late Tang Dynasty is rendered, showing its general outline: "Yingtai, daughter of Zhujiajian in Shangyu, traveling as a pseudo-male, and studying in Huiji. Shan Bo, a benevolent character. Wish you come back first. Two years later, Shan Bo visited a friend's house and met his woman. He felt very lost. Tell his parents to apply for a job. I wish I had the word horse. After Shan Bo, Yin Ling died of illness and was buried in the west of the city. I hope Ma Shi's family has crossed the grave, but the wind and waves can't enter. I asked Shanbo's tomb, and I would like to climb it. Suddenly, the ground cracked and fell, and I wanted to be buried together. Xie An, the prime minister of Jin Dynasty, wished for his tomb and wrote "Yi Fu's Tomb". 7. An earlier and more complete book was Zhong Yi Ji written by Li, the magistrate of Mingzhou (now Ningbo) in Song Dynasty. It says that Liang Shanbo was born on the first day of the third lunar month in 352 AD, and died on August 16th in 373 AD, at the age of 2 1, and never married. Zhu Yingtai got married in the late spring of 374; Liangshanbo Temple (also known as "King Temple in Justice") was built in 397. If the records are reliable, The Legend of butterfly lovers was produced in more than 20 years from 374 to 397, and it was completely formed from the Song Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. Since then, more important documents have been recorded, including Li Nv by Feng Menglong in Ming Dynasty and Biography of Zhu Yingtai by Shao Jinbiao in Qing Dynasty, all of which ended in become a butterfly. 8.1In July, 1997, the tomb of A Jin Dynasty was unearthed in Liangshanbo Temple, Ningbo. The location, specifications and funerary objects of the tomb are consistent with the identity and burial place of the county magistrate of Yin Bo County in Liangshan recorded in the annals, and are considered as credible materials. 9. In 1950s, when Zhang Henshui, a famous writer, wrote the novel Liangzhu, he verified the origin of 10 according to folklore: Ningbo in Zhejiang, Yixing in Jiangsu, Qufu in Shandong, Qingshui in Gansu, Shucheng in Anhui, Hejian in Hebei, Jiaxiang in Shandong, Jiangdu in Jiangsu, Zhou Pu in Shanxi and Suzhou in Jiangsu. 10. At present, there are 17 historic sites in Liangzhu, including 6 reading rooms, 0 tombs and 0 temples. Experts generally believe that Liang Zhu Reading Office was formed after being influenced by the legend of Liang Zhu, and its source cannot be falsified. 1 1. Other historical records: 1. In the early Tang Dynasty (705-732 AD), Liang Zaiyan recorded in Ten Roads and Four Fan Lu: "The place where the adopted daughter Zhu Yingtai and Liang Shanbo were buried together is also a matter." 2. It was recorded in the book "Jinlouzi" in the first year of the Southern Liang Dynasty (552-554 AD). In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Shu Pi wrote in the Record of Knowing and Doing: "Publishing House, Liang Zhu is different!" Both Jin Lou Zi and Hui Ji Wen Yi have them. (Two books are lost) 3. In the late Tang Dynasty (AD 85 1 year), Zhang read Records: "Yingtai, the daughter of Zhu's family in Shangyu, pretended to be a man traveling and studied in Huijishan, with a word of benevolence. ..... Ask Shanbo's tomb, willing to climb the tomb, endure self-cracking, willing to be buried. Xie An, the prime minister of Jin Dynasty, marked his tomb as "the adopted daughter's tomb". 4. During the Daguan period of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D.11165438), Li, the magistrate of Mingzhou (now Ningbo), wrote: "God sighed:' Born to seal it. After Jian Wendi gathered sages, the monarch took God as the monarch and made a letter as the imperial edict. 5. The main road in the Southern Song Dynasty lasted for five years (A.D. 1 169), and Max Zhang said in "Siming Map of the Main Road": "The adopted daughter's tomb is also the place where Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai were buried together. There is a temple behind the reception center in the west of the county seat. ...... According to the "Ten Fang Si Fan Zhi" cloud:' The adopted daughter Zhu Yingtai and Liang Shanbo are buried together', that is. " 6. During the period of Qi Wudi in the Southern Dynasty (483-493 AD), "Qi Wudi redeemed Yingtai's old property to build a temple" 7. In the early Tang Dynasty (705-732 AD), Liang Zaiyan recorded in Ten Records of Daoism that "there is a stone carving' Zhu Yingtai Reading Room' in the south of Shanquan Mountain." 8. In the fourth year of Xianchun in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1268), it was recorded in Piling in Xianchun that "Zhu Yingtai Yueban was named Bixian Temple". Everyone has a poem:' butterflies fly all over the garden, but there is a reading room in the garden.' Folklore spread from England to Taiwan Province women, who studied with Liang Shanbo as a child and later became a butterfly. However, the examination of the harem record means that Emperor Wu of Qi redeemed Yingtai's old property, which means that there must be someone, and it is not a female ear. "9. Feng Menglong (A.D. 1574- 1646), a writer in Ming Dynasty, recorded in Ancient and Modern Novels that Zhu Yingtai was from Yixing and Liang Shanbo was from Suzhou. He also said that it was betrothed to the Ma family by his brother and sister-in-law. There is also a saying that the earth cracked and was buried in a grave and became a butterfly. 10. Zhang Dai, a famous writer in Ming Dynasty (a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) wrote in the article "Confucius Temple" in the second volume of his anthology "Memories of Tao Anmeng": "I have arrived at the Confucius Temple in Qufu, and buyers must enter. There is a building protruding from the palace wall, and the plaque reads' Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai Reading Room', which is amazing. "According to Mr. Fan, deputy director of Jining Cultural Relics Bureau and a famous Liangzhu cultural expert, the couple studied in Yishan, Zouxian County, Jining City, went to the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Jining City, and read the Confucian Classics. Later, Liang Zhu and his wife died of mutual homesickness. It's really earth-shattering In order to commend and commemorate their loyalty, Qufu Confucius Temple specially set up a plaque in the place where they studied in Qufu Confucius Temple as a memorial. 1 1. The story of China Liang Zhu, which spread overseas, was first discovered in neighboring North and South Korea. According to recent research, from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Song Dynasty (9 18- 1200), Ye Luo, a famous poet in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province, wrote "Butterfly" into "Ten Copied Poems" by people in the Korean era, including a poem "A wife is like a dress", which refers to the story of Liang Zhu. By the Song Dynasty in China, the Notes on Ten Famous Poems edited by Koreans not only included Ye Luo's Butterfly, but also added the biographies of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in the notes. This is the earliest Liang Zhu story spread abroad, from "a woman disguised as a man" to "a dress turned into a butterfly", which completely describes the legendary story of Liang Zhu. It can be seen that Liangzhu culture has a long history of going global. Later, it spread almost all over the Korean peninsula. 12. In addition, there are other versions of the rumors about butterfly lovers: Liang was from the Ming Dynasty and Zhu was from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, separated by thousands of years. Zhu Benben was a chivalrous woman who robbed the rich and helped the poor. She once went to Ma Taishou's house to steal money. Finally, Ma Zhong's son Ma Wencai was ambushed and died by the sword. People buried it and set up a monument in front of the grave. Over the years, the monument sank underground. Liang, an official of Yinxian County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, is honest and clean, middle-aged and widowed, childless. When he was buried after his death, Zhu's tombstone was dug up. Many people felt sorry for it, but they thought it was inappropriate to bury it for Liang, so they buried it together and set up a monument. The black one was Liang and the red one was Zhu ... Since then, he has perfunctorily sent people's legends. According to textual research, the original version of this record is the folk in eastern Zhejiang collected in Shan Hai Jing in 1982. 1986, the author wrote to the editor from Cixi: "butterfly lovers was a woman of two dynasties, Zhu Yingtai was a woman, and Liang Shanbo was an honest official, and their graves happened to be together." This story was told to him by a folk doctor in the same village. He used to be a peddler when he was young. The village doctor heard this story from an old man in Zhongshan Park, Ningbo. At that time, several people in the park were telling Liang Zhu's love story. Yinxian old man shook his head and said,' It's all nonsense! The village doctor came forward and asked,' Old man, what they said is nonsense. What is the truth? The old man in Yinxian told this story. So, the author published the story told by the old man in Ningbo Park in the newspaper Shan Hai Jing. In fact, according to the historical fact that Xie An's deeds were reported to the court in Jin Dynasty and the tomb was named "the adopted daughter's tomb", and as early as the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, many authoritative historical books and literary masterpieces clearly recorded his name and life story, but the historical documents did not record the statement that "Liang Zhu belonged to two dynasties". It is the subjective imagination of the people, because if there was a Zhu Liangsheng in the Ming Dynasty, it would be impossible for the literary works of the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties to record what happened in the Ming Dynasty. Thus, the folk rumor that "Liang Zhu belonged to two dynasties" is wrong.
1. Material: 50g of Xiancao, clear water 1L, and proper amount of sugar.
2. Cut a small corner of the bag containing the cool grass powder, g